High profitability and demand attract new investors to the salad market. This market is growing at a gigantic pace. According to some estimates, its growth is 25% per year, and this trend will continue in the future. Today, the annual turnover of the salad market is estimated at 400 million dollars, and this is not the limit. Jaya in Moscow, he is far from being saturated, not to mention the provinces.

Advantages salad business:

simple technologies, affordable price entrance

High profitability

Fast turnover

A constantly growing market

Opportunity to master related formats

The main consumers of salads are working women, bachelors and office workers. By the way, the latter joined target group salad bowls recently. And this trend was caught in time by several manufacturers.

Today, 90% of all salad producers do not sell their products directly, but through retail outlets and networks. However, not everyone can become a supplier of a large retailer: the manufacturer's assortment should include several dozen variants of consistently high quality products. But a novice manufacturer can offer its products to small shops in the regions. Such cooperation is beneficial for the latter, since the presence of salads in the assortment increases the number of store customers.

In addition, specialized culinary shops regularly appear on the market, which are willing to work with suppliers.

Hundreds of new manufacturers appear on the market every year - some of them survive, while others fail. According to experts, success lies in the successful format of the new enterprise. One of the recent successful proposals is the production of dishes to order for banquets, receptions, presentations and just for home feasts. Such business is mainly carried out by companies that have organized production in canteens of schools, kindergartens, etc.

As for the assortment, despite the obvious abundance of the offer, the most stable demand classic “folk favorites” are used: “herring under a fur coat”, “mimosa” and “Olivier” (40% of sales), Korean carrot-cabbage (25%).

Market fresh salads conditionally divided into three segments. The first includes semi-finished products from fresh chopped vegetables, without preservatives and freezing, as well as mixtures of them.

The second group - ready-made salads from fresh and boiled vegetables using dressings: mayonnaise, oil, vinegar and spices.

Finally, the third group is Korean salads.

The profitability of salad production in Moscow fluctuates around 40%. In the regions, it does not go beyond 15% on average: both production volumes and demand for expensive salads are lower.

In many ways, the amount of profit depends on the season.

The fact is that Russian agricultural enterprises cannot provide salad producers with fresh vegetables all year round, so they have to buy imported vegetables, which are much more expensive. It affects the profitability and the ability of the buyer to correctly determine the quality of raw materials.

Producers are insured against the supply of low-quality raw materials different ways. For example, it may be a preliminary purchase of a small batch of vegetables “for testing”. Or an invitation to work with an experienced supplier.

Profitability also depends on the cost of the products used to prepare the dish. For example, the high cost of seafood salads (up to 60-70%) falls on expensive ingredients - mussels, squids, crabs. But their consumers are wealthy people who are ready to buy them at high prices, from 25 rubles per 100 grams.

Salad sales are subject to seasonal fluctuations.

Winter is the "high season" for suppliers ready-made salads. In the summer, there is a natural decline in consumer activity: people go on vacation, and complex salads traditionally give way fresh vegetables. But with the onset of cold weather, whole queues of those who want to buy their favorite snack line up in the departments of ready-made salads. Sharp surges in sales are observed before the holidays, especially New Year's Eve, and during religious periods.
ny posts.

Meanwhile, supermarkets are constantly increasing not only purchases finished products“on the side” and the staff of the departments for its implementation, but also our own production. And although from a financial point of view, it is more profitable for stores to cooperate with manufacturers of ready-made salads, yet many try to manage on their own so as not to worry about quality. From the point of view of retailers, it is most profitable for them to make salads from expensive ingredients (for example, seafood that gives 60 percent or more profitability) in the store itself. In addition to what to hide, wilted carrots, “dull” cabbage, “hanging” batch of beets successfully go under the knife here.

That's why when large chains began to organize their own production, "salad bowls" involuntarily have to open and develop new niches. They have to re-qualify. So, the popular company Soller decided to create new brand for consumers with high and medium incomes. And now produces wedding and anniversary cakes, and is also starting to build a network of elite cafes and pastry shops under the brand name Doucet X.O.

The Velikoross company is now the owner of a new, already well-known brand "Crystal Snowflake": in hexagonal packages, the company sells traditional jellies and jellies prepared according to old recipes national Russian cuisine.

The company "Savon-K" decided to develop a new direction - the preparation of "first courses". Now in its range of 20 quick frozen soups(borsch, cabbage soup with mushrooms, sturgeon soup, Thai soup and pickle with squid meatballs) and a similar number of "running" salads.

Finally, some enterprising manufacturers are successfully exploiting interest in Japanese cuisine and offer their consumers fashionable and now popular sushi.

Experts advise against entering this market today with minimal investment. The lower limit is a small workshop with a capacity of 100 kilograms of salads per day. The minimum set of equipment, as well as obtaining permits from the sanitary services and the consumer market committee, will cost the entrepreneur 10-15 thousand dollars. Most of the operations in such workshops are performed manually.

To the organization salad shop health services are very strict. It is best to organize production in former food production or canteen premises. It is imperative to certify the workshop and dishes prepared according to original recipes. As practice shows, it takes about $ 500 and three months of “paper work” to approve a list of recipes from 10-15 dishes.

The organization of a more powerful workshop with a capacity of 200 kilograms per hour will require about 200 thousand dollars. True, you can save money and purchase a complex of domestic production IPKS-0610 worth 400 thousand rubles, which includes everything you need for cooking (from cleaning vegetables to cooking, dressing, etc.) and packaging in plastic trays. True, many manufacturers still prefer imported equipment, which is much more expensive: only one vegetable cutter costs 25 thousand euros.

Tips for beginners

Logistics problems. The sales deadline for salads is 36 hours, you need to deliver to retail outlets every morning, so if you have a delivery today at 7.00, tomorrow at 17.00 you must remove the goods from the window. For this reason, the shop works mainly in two or three shifts.

Lots of manual labor, such as cleaning boiled eggs, eyes on potatoes, etc.

Personnel, with the exception of handymen, must have medical books and a specialized profession.

There is another important factor that you will probably have to face - a possible conflict between your workshop and stores. Returns - 3-10% of all deliveries, losses - at the expense of the manufacturer.

Salad shop in detail

Productivity - 5–6 tons of salads per month
Initial investment - 120 thousand dollars (purchase of equipment, refrigerators, the first batch of raw materials, rent of premises, paperwork)
Gross proceeds - 23 thousand dollars
Monthly expenses - 12 thousand dollars
Income - 11 thousand dollars
Payback period of investments - 1.5–2 years

Account (Percent, average per month)
Gross revenue - 100.0
Expenses - 56.6
Including:
– for renting premises - 5.4
- for the purchase of vegetables and other ingredients - 36.2
- for staff salaries (10 people) - 8.3
- for utilities - 1.2
– for waste disposal - 1.1
- for technical needs - 0.4
– for transportation costs - 4.0
Income (excluding taxes) - 43.4

Based on materials from Business magazine and Svoi biznes magazine

Today, the salad business is fairly new. This direction is considered very attractive, since this product is in great demand among consumers.

prospects

The salad business is a highly profitable business. The value of this indicator reaches forty to sixty percent. The cost of lettuce compared to its retail price allows you to make a decent profit.

The growth rate of this market is also impressive. An increasing number of customers prefer not to stand in the kitchen to prepare a dish, but to purchase a ready-made salad. By organizing a salad business, you will be able to receive a stable income by selling quality products.

Currently, the annual turnover of this business in the Russian Federation is four hundred million dollars. However, the market is not completely filled, despite the fact that there are large salad producers in Moscow and other Russian cities.

In this industry, the turnover of funds annually increases by an average of twenty-five percent. If you decide to create own business on salads, it is better not to think for a long time.

Major Buyers

There are two categories of consumers of ready-made salads. The first of these includes bachelors, if they are actively working. Such people do not have the time and desire to cook for themselves. They simply buy salads from supermarkets and other outlets.

The second category of consumers includes women who also work hard, or maybe just do not like to cook. Recently, a third group of such consumers has begun to stand out. It includes clerks who purchase salads as an addition to lunch.

The first steps

In order to organize a salad business, you will need the following:

Premises with water and electricity;
- a set of necessary equipment;
- staff, including a worker for the preparation of salads, as well as a seller.

Particular attention will need to be paid to the choice of premises. It must be clean to meet the tough SES requirements. For these purposes, a room can be rented in a canteen or at a grocery enterprise.

Workshop and produced based original recipes dishes are subject to mandatory certification. You will have to spend several months on this and pay about five hundred dollars. This option is chosen by those who do not have significant cash capital to start.

Equipment

Depending on the planned volume of salad production, it will be necessary to select special machines. If your workshop will produce more than five tons of products, then you will need to purchase an industrial line. For such equipment, the minimum price is one hundred thousand dollars.

Mechanized lines allow to carry out the entire cycle of preparation (with packaging) of finished products.

In the event that at the initial stage of the project, up to five tons of products will be produced within a month, it will be sufficient to purchase a minimum amount of equipment. This list should include food processors, as well as a meat grinder and refrigerators, dishes, knives and other kitchen utensils.

Raw material

The salad business will be successful if the products of the workshop have high quality and excellent taste. This can be achieved by following the recipe. An important factor will be the use of high-quality raw materials, which are most profitable to buy from farmers or trusted suppliers.

Staff

When opening a workshop, the productivity of which will be one hundred kilograms of lettuce per shift, you will need to recruit the appropriate staff. It should include a director in charge of general management and sales of goods, and cooks. In order for the goods to be produced uninterruptedly, two shifts of twelve hours should be organized. Each of them should have three more cooks, except for the eldest. Each of them is required to have a health book.

Range

The workshop that produces salads must produce at least twenty types of salads. At the same time, the assortment should be constantly updated. At the same time, it is important not to forget about the changes due to the change of seasons. For example, light salads are most popular in summer. In winter, the opposite is true.

The assortment should include salads, which are invariably in consumer demand. So, up to forty percent of sales belongs to "Herring under a fur coat", "Mimosa" and "Olivier". Korean salads are also popular. They account for twenty-five percent of sales of similar products. It is profitable to produce salads, the recipes of which include inexpensive components. Such products have a guaranteed sixty percent profitability.

Sales

When organizing a small production, the sale of products is possible only through supermarkets selling products. Such shops willingly enter into agreements with suppliers of salads.

If production is established in large volumes, then it will be necessary to look for additional distribution channels. For example, customers can order salads over the phone. It is also possible to organize your own points of sale.

Advertising

In the event that your products will be sold through retail chains, Additional Information Buyers usually don't. From time to time, it is only worth running a small amount of advertising on the radio. This will increase your sales. At the same time, it is important to focus on the environmental friendliness and quality of your products.

Korean salads

Almost no feast is complete without original spicy salads. We borrowed their recipe from Koreans. It's not only lovely snack, but also an independent dish.

Business on Korean salads is a profitable and promising business. The starting capital required for the implementation of this project will be from ten to twelve thousand dollars. Production of 4-5 tons of salads (monthly) will require a facility with water supply, sewerage and good sanitation. The area of ​​the workshop should be at least 150-200 square meters.

In accordance with technological process you will need to purchase special equipment. How are Korean salads prepared? At the initial stage, the preparation of raw materials is carried out. Vegetables are washed under running water. Next, a machine designed for cleaning root crops is used. With its help, the skin is removed from vegetables. Then the process of shredding the prepared raw materials is carried out.

In this case, a root cutter equipped with a special nozzle is used. Next, you need a cauldron. It prepares the filling, which is a combination of vinegar, vegetable oil, cumin, salt and a mixture of spices. All ingredients are heated to ninety degrees. Vegetables are placed in plastic buckets and poured with the prepared mixture. After holding for a day, the packaging machine packs the finished product.

* Calculations use average data for Russia

Food services are rightfully considered one of the most promising in business, because the need for food is one of the primary needs of a person, and he will satisfy it regardless of other factors and situations. Therefore, the idea of ​​a business based on the provision of food to the population is always relevant and can be a good undertaking. One of the directions is the creation of ready-made salads, they are quite in demand among the general population and especially among office workers who need cheap and simple food that can be consumed at their lunch break.

The situation on the market is such that in any large city there are already companies that are engaged in the production and sale of ready-made salads. In small towns, it is often not always possible to find such an offer, and a ready-made salad is inherently perishable product, optimal time storage - up to 36 hours, after which the product must be withdrawn from sale. In this regard, the company can only work within a small area, transportation to other settlements not only increases the cost of production, but also takes a lot of time, which is critical in this case. But even in a big city where more than one competitor already operates, there is a chance to take its place in the market. After all, the consumer needs a sufficient range of products, and not every company offers big menu Moreover, most manufacturers produce 5-10 positions, and some even less.

Of course, it is impossible to cover all consumers with such an offer, although a significant part of people prefer classic salads, which are produced by every self-respecting company. However, a newcomer can gain a competitive advantage in many ways, the easiest way is to reduce the price, at least for the first time, while there is a need to enter the market. An important indicator is the quality of salads, it is not always possible to find a really tasty product, which, at the same time, is safe for health. A manufacturer may add preservatives to their salads to increase shelf life, but they are not always harmless to the end consumer.

You should also take into account the fact that the emergence of a new player is complicated by the need to obtain a large number permits from government agencies, moreover, subsequently you have to undergo constant checks by regulatory organizations. All this also applies to an entrepreneur who has already entered the market and is trying to develop, but not everyone knows how to cope with difficulties, and the provision of catering services is still not the easiest thing. Therefore, having studied the market and the positions of competitors, you can find the best way for your development, while sometimes it will even be possible to coexist with other manufacturers in the same territory, offering, for example, completely different menu and thus attract completely different consumers.

To get started, you need to register as a business entity. If you plan to open a business with small volume production, the owner of which will be only the businessman himself, then he can register as an individual entrepreneur for ease of registration and reduction of his costs. The advantage of this form and in a simple reporting procedure, an individual entrepreneur can dispose of the proceeds, he is deprived of the need to pay wages to himself, as is the case within a legal entity. But if there is still a need to register a legal entity, then it is better to choose the form of a limited liability company. Both individual entrepreneurs and LLCs have the right to use a simplified taxation system, transferring no more than 6% of income or 15% of operating profit to the state. This activity falls within the definition (OKPD 2) 56.29 Other catering services, although other classifiers may be selected depending on the format of their activity.

Ready-made ideas for your business

However, after registration, some difficulties begin, because the opening of your own enterprise, which is engaged in production food products, you need to get more than one permission. In fact, the enterprise must pass compliance with sanitary standards, this request must be addressed to the local branch of Rospotrebnadzor. All food industry today takes into account the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union, but in the case of working with only one salad, you can get by with a notification to the regulatory authorities about the opening of your production. There are also specifications(TU) for salads, but not available state standards, and they must be taken into account when creating products. The products are being examined, and here it is better to initially create a complete menu, including dishes that are not planned to be made at first, but in the future. This is necessary in order to obtain a general opinion on all products and not to re-examine.

Next, you need to obtain a sanitary and epidemiological permit, which is issued only if the enterprise complies with all norms and rules. This includes all natural requirements for maintaining cleanliness, carrying out deratization and disinfection measures, but requirements may also be put forward for the separation of technical zones. That is, the kitchen itself, refrigerators compartment, washing unit and other rooms should be separated from each other. It is necessary to find a company that will deal with the removal of waste and, of course, it is necessary to ensure complete fire safety. Only an organization that meets all the requirements can obtain all permits and legally carry out its activities.

The entrepreneur also needs to think about the implementation of labor protection measures, because employees and entrepreneurs employed in the industry food production, check especially carefully. And finally, it should be noted that each region of this country may have its own requirements for regulatory bodies, sometimes significantly different from the general ones. Therefore, the best solution to this issue is to contact the local regulatory authorities at the earliest opportunity and immediately collect all information about the requirements and conditions.

You can also contact specialized companies that provide assistance in obtaining a particular document, but in this case you need to count on additional expenses. This issue is perhaps the most important at the stage of organization, without his decision it will not be possible to engage in his activities, sooner or later a company that operates illegally will be discovered, and the entrepreneur will get off with a large fine in the most favorable scenario.

Ready-made ideas for your business

The next step is to find a place for your production. Here you need to look for a place that is convenient for the subsequent delivery of finished products to points of sale. Some entrepreneurs open some semblance of a canteen, launching a small production in a crowded area and selling salads directly to retail, but this format of work has some disadvantages, the most important of which is the lack of development and a deliberately small number of consumers. That is, this option is suitable only for those who want to do small-scale production. Salads are usually sold in bulk to retailers. Thus, the entrepreneur himself determines the place where it will be convenient for him to work, and then deliver the goods, many start such a business almost at home, erecting industrial premises in your own area.

However, it is unlikely that it will be possible to work only in one’s own kitchen, in this case there will be no main thing - large volumes of production, and competitors will easily bypass the entrepreneur. This format of work, when a businessman and his family make their own salads and deliver them to stores, may be relevant only in some small towns, but in general it has already become obsolete.

The room itself can be of different area, but it directly affects the possible volume of production. The best option is to rent a canteen that is no longer working, possibly from the Soviet era, because in this case, premises originally designed for cooking and divided among themselves according to all the rules will be transferred to the disposal. But for large volumes of production, a fairly large workshop will be required, which can occupy more than 100 square meters, in such a territory several tons of salads can be produced monthly, and it is precisely such sales volumes that can make such a business highly profitable.

You also need to allocate space for a warehouse complex, but first of all, a warehouse is needed for raw materials, but not for finished products, it must be immediately delivered to retail outlets, only in this case you can achieve a quick turnover of your funds. The delay of finished products in the warehouse leads to costs, so you also need to take care of organizing your own fleet Vehicle, because not every retailer will be able to pick up goods directly from the factory. Moreover, no retailer, except perhaps a very large one, will want to cooperate with a firm that cannot supply it with products on its own. Therefore, the territory of its complex can occupy a plot of several hundred square meters, and for the organization of such production it will be necessary to allocate several million rubles. Of course, a small production facility can be opened for a couple of hundred thousand rubles, but in this case, it is expected to use mainly manual labor, which affects the volume of products supplied.

In this regard, full-fledged lines for the production of ready-made salads have already been developed today. They are several machines that perform almost all processes - from cleaning vegetables and boiling and frying them to cutting and mixing, followed by placement in a designated container. The cost of such a line can vary greatly depending on the configuration, calculated loads and manufacturer, the most expensive are European cars, Chinese and Russian devices are the cheapest, and the difference for completely similar products can be several times. The manufacturer usually supports the possibility of individual selection of the line configuration, thanks to which it is possible to assemble devices that are necessary only for own production. However, it should be borne in mind that the production line is almost always assembled only to order, which means that it takes time to manufacture, deliver and install it. The cost of such equipment starts at about 100 thousand rubles for one car, washing baths and some other auxiliary devices are cheaper.

Ready-made ideas for your business

Refrigeration equipment is purchased separately, a large room is allocated for the refrigeration warehouse, and it should be located in close proximity to the production. Refrigeration equipment is also purchased in its own truck where goods will be delivered to retail outlets. It is better to start purchasing equipment only after receiving information about the requirements of Rospotrebnadzor and other inspection bodies, because then it will be possible to assemble only those machines that meet these requirements. As a result, the cost of the line itself, its transportation and installation will cost several hundred thousand rubles or even millions, the amount varies depending on the configuration, so sometimes there is an opportunity to save money, but for large volumes and a normal assortment range, a significant amount of investment is required.

The next question is personnel. Usually, in an enterprise in this industry, despite the apparent complexity, not too many people are employed. If the process is automated, then only a few operators are needed to monitor the equipment, load raw materials and control the process. Manual labor here is usually minimal, although there are machines that work only with cleaned or past heat treatment products. However, if home production is opened, where all the equipment is food processor, knives and other kitchenware, it may take many people to quick creation the right amount salads.

We must not forget that all employees who are directly involved in manufacturing process, that is, they deal with vegetables and other products, must have sanitary books and work only in special form. Hygiene is above all.

Transport drivers will be needed. The rest of the employees are engaged in administrative and organizational work, special attention should be paid to sales representatives who will find new points of sale for products and promote them among merchants. However, at first, the entrepreneur himself will almost certainly deal with all these issues, because at first there should not be too many products, which means that it is not difficult to cope with such work alone.

All other business processes that are not related to the organization's profit should be outsourced. This is the already mentioned labor protection, bookkeeping, security and safety, garbage disposal and cleaning of the territory and premises. You will almost certainly have to cooperate with large quantity third-party organizations, but this significantly reduces costs.

Typically, in such a business, the product reaches the end consumer without passing through only one intermediary. That is, the manufacturer transfers the product to the retailer, and end consumers buy salads from him. Sometimes a wholesale intermediary is added to this chain, which works with retail, purchasing a large batch of goods from the manufacturer. As already noted, it is usually not advisable to engage in retail sales on your own, that is, the manufacturer must find enough partners. They will even become ordinary grocery stores, in which the usual and simple salads often bought by ordinary people.

If the point is located near large offices or just in business districts, then a significant part of the office workers will buy salads on their breaks, this applies to those who cannot afford lunch in a cafe or restaurant. You can even try to go to canteens at enterprises and even entrepreneurs who offer hot meals right in the office. If they do not have any salads on the menu, then we can agree on cooperation.

But where you almost certainly won’t be able to get through is to large retail chains. Typically, such major players have been producing salads on their own for a long time, in hypermarkets the kitchen is organized right there, which allows customers to purchase the maximum fresh product. However, even in this case, the distribution network is sufficient to sell all its products without experiencing serious problems due to the impossibility of cooperation with hypermarkets.

It should also be noted that in this business a certain percentage of products sold will be returned, because rare trade point will agree to suffer losses due to unsold products due to the short shelf life of products. Sometimes this figure can reach 10%.

The profitability of large-scale production is about 10-15%, the payback period can be up to 2-3 years. home production, if it turned out to be relevant, it usually pays off in a few months, and the profitability is many times greater, but there are no prospects if you do not invest serious funds in development. Such a business can be expanded through the subsequent creation ready meals, which you can simply warm up and get already meat dishes with garnish. But this is a slightly more complex production.

Matthias Laudanum

340 people are studying this business today.

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Profitability calculator for this business

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Food production requires a responsible attitude and is tightly controlled by the sanitary services. Find out in advance about all the regulations for the operation of the salad production and find a way to ensure they are strictly observed. Your negligence will not only result in fines, but also risk to the health of consumers.

Study the demand, competitors and conclude preliminary agreements with large customers: shops, retail chains and cafes. It is worth contacting potential customers if you have a menu, samples and the approximate cost of salads. So, even before the opening of the workshop, you should have experienced chef, who will later take a leadership position in the workshop, and a real business plan for organizing a business.

Production volumes depend on the population of the city, the demand for products and the amount of start-up capital. It is better to start with small volumes, but give customers a choice of 30-40 salads.

Main risks

Your product is classified as a perishable product with an expiration date of 24-36 hours after production. To achieve maximum sales and minimize losses, it is extremely important to constantly study demand and, depending on it, control production volumes and assortment.

A workshop specializing in the preparation of salads is subject to strict and numerous sanitary supervision requirements. Failure to comply with the rules will necessarily entail serious fines and even the closure of the workshop until production conditions are brought into line with the norms.

We will have to compete with similar workshops and supermarkets, which also open their own production of salads and semi-finished products.

“Step-by-step instructions on how to open a production of ready-made salads”

Location

If you don't plan to combine salad making with retail, the location of the shop matters only in terms of the cost of rent and the compliance of the premises with sanitary standards.

The ideal place would be a former canteen, cafe or food production workshop. Such premises require minimal costs to bring them into compliance with the requirements:

• Uninterrupted supply of cold and hot water.
• Well-functioning sewerage system.
• The power supply needed to operate the equipment.
• Separate room for making salads.
• A room with refrigerators for storing products.
• Warehouse for storing ingredients and raw materials.
• Locker room, lounges and showers for employees.

According to experts, the minimum productivity of the workshop, with which it is worth entering the business, is 100 kg of salads per day. The area of ​​the room in this case must be at least 100 m².

Equipment

The set of equipment depends on the productivity of the workshop. If you enter the market with a minimum output of 3-4 tons per month, most of the operations will be carried out manually. You will need minimum set equipment:

• Refrigerators for storage of products with a total capacity of up to 300 kg.
• Industrial food processors and meat grinders.
• Cutting tables, spacious baths for washing ingredients.
• Knives, cutting boards, trays for ingredients and ready-made salads, other kitchen utensils.

It is impossible to start work without your own car equipped with a refrigerator. Prompt delivery of finished products is one of the most important components of success.

The cost of a complete set of equipment for minimum production volumes is 10-12 thousand dollars. The price of a refrigerator depends on the year of manufacture and mileage and ranges from 6 to 30 thousand dollars.

To start with a production volume of more than 5 tons per month, you need to buy an industrial line for the production of salads. Such equipment is offered by both foreign and domestic manufacturers. Most of the stages of salad preparation are automated: from raw material cleaning to packaging. But even the most modern equipment does not exclude handmade. European manufacturers offer full cycle lines at a price of about 200 thousand dollars. Domestic equipment can be purchased for 400-500 thousand rubles.

Personnel

All full-time employees working in the field of food production are required to have health books. A mandatory requirement is the presence of education corresponding to the position held.

For a salad shop, working the night shift is a must. You can organize work in 3 shifts with a duration of 8 hours or in 2 shifts with a duration of 12 hours.

A director or manager must be present at the production site at all times. The business owner will not be able to be on the shop floor all the time, and an experienced highly professional deputy or director is needed. The duties of this person include monitoring the manufacturing process and the work of personnel, resolving emerging issues with customers and suppliers.

With a daily production volume of 100 kg, 4 cooks must be hired to work in each shift. One of them must have sufficient experience and professionalism to lead the shift.

Cleanliness and sanitary conditions must be ensured by regular cleaners. For this position, with round-the-clock work, 2-3 people should be hired.

If you plan to carry out the delivery of products yourself, you need a driver and forwarder.

With small and medium volumes of production, accounting and tax accounting can be ordered by a specialized accounting company.

Documents and licenses

For a small workshop for the production of salads, you can issue an IP. If your business is located in a city with a small or medium population, a simplified taxation regime (UTII) is suitable. Declaration with reporting shall be submitted quarterly. Tax payments are deducted according to UTII, as well as social payments for employees' salaries. In metropolitan areas, UTII does not apply.

Sanitary services put forward very serious requirements. Find out about all the regulations before you search for premises and suppliers. In the process of selecting and repairing a building, it will be necessary to take into account the layout, the location of garbage containers relative to the point of loading products, the availability of certificates from suppliers, the choice detergents for cleaning the workshop and a lot of other nuances. Also, you should find out in advance the requirements of the fire safety service.

Except standard recipes shop must have original dishes, for the manufacture of which it is necessary to have certificates. The application process can take up to three months.

Profit calculation

The monthly revenue of a workshop with a daily output of 100 kg of salads should be about 700 thousand rubles. A good indicator is a net monthly profit of 105 thousand rubles and a profitability of 15%. Taking into account the seasonal nature of the business and possible force majeure, payback should be expected in a year and a half.

Marketing

Most of the products will be sold through retail chains. To conclude contracts with shops, cafes and supermarkets, it is necessary to provide certificates confirming the quality of raw materials and compliance with the cooking technology. The undoubted advantage will be the availability of original recipes. Also, you need to offer potential customers favorable prices, ensure prompt delivery and the willingness to flexibly get out of pipe situations.

You should prepare for the fact that outlets will return up to 10% of products. Losses in this case will fall on your workshop.

The list of clients needs to be constantly expanded. From time to time advertise in the media - this will provide you with orders at various celebrations and banquets. Consider the seasonality of your business. In winter, salads are more popular, in summer there is a decline. Think about what you can offer customers during this period.

Be sure to create a site with an online ordering function. Delivery can be carried out directly from the workshop or the outlet closest to the buyer that sells your salads.

Offer your customers something special. Chemical-free products are extremely popular these days. Perhaps this direction will become your gold mine.

Summary

Salad production is a new and very promising direction. With quality equipment, strict hygiene standards, qualified personnel and the right management, your business is destined for success.

Offer customers interesting and delicious recipes, buy raw materials from the best suppliers and create a company website - this will provide you with an endless stream of customers.

* Calculations use average data for Russia

Food services are rightfully considered one of the most promising in business, because the need for food is one of the primary needs of a person, and he will satisfy it regardless of other factors and situations. Therefore, the idea of ​​a business based on the provision of food to the population is always relevant and can be a good undertaking. One of the directions is the creation of ready-made salads, they are quite in demand among the general population and especially among office workers who need cheap and simple food that can be consumed at their lunch break.

The situation on the market is such that in any large city there are already companies that are engaged in the production and sale of ready-made salads. In small towns, it is often not always possible to find such an offer, and a ready-made salad is inherently a perishable product, the optimal shelf life is up to 36 hours, after which the product should be withdrawn from sale. In this regard, the company can only work within a small area, transportation to other settlements not only increases the cost of production, but also takes a lot of time, which is critical in this case. But even in a big city where more than one competitor already operates, there is a chance to take its place in the market. After all, the consumer needs a sufficient range of products, and not every company offers a large menu, moreover, most manufacturers produce 5-10 positions, and some even less.

Of course, it is impossible to cover all consumers with such an offer, although a significant part of people prefer classic salads, which are produced by every self-respecting company. However, a newcomer can gain a competitive advantage in many ways, the easiest way is to reduce the price, at least for the first time, while there is a need to enter the market. An important indicator is the quality of salads, it is not always possible to find a really tasty product, which, at the same time, is safe for health. A manufacturer may add preservatives to their salads to increase shelf life, but they are not always harmless to the end consumer.

You should also take into account the fact that the emergence of a new player is complicated by the need to obtain a large number of permits from government agencies, moreover, subsequently you have to undergo constant checks by regulatory organizations. All this also applies to an entrepreneur who has already entered the market and is trying to develop, but not everyone knows how to cope with difficulties, and the provision of catering services is still not the easiest thing. Therefore, having studied the market and the positions of competitors, you can find the best way for your development, and sometimes you can even coexist with other producers in the same territory, offering, for example, a completely different menu and thus attracting completely different consumers.

To get started, you need to register as a business entity. If you plan to open an enterprise with a small volume of production, the owner of which will be only the businessman himself, then he can register as an individual entrepreneur for ease of registration and reduction of his costs. The advantage of this form and in a simple reporting procedure, an individual entrepreneur can dispose of the proceeds, he is deprived of the need to pay wages to himself, as is the case within a legal entity. But if there is still a need to register a legal entity, then it is better to choose the form of a limited liability company. Both individual entrepreneurs and LLCs have the right to use a simplified taxation system, transferring no more than 6% of income or 15% of operating profit to the state. This activity falls within the definition (OKPD 2) 56.29 Other catering services, although other classifiers may be selected depending on the format of their activity.

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However, after registration, some difficulties begin, because you need to obtain more than one permit to open your own food production enterprise. In fact, the enterprise must pass compliance with sanitary standards, this request must be addressed to the local branch of Rospotrebnadzor. The entire food industry today takes into account the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union, but in the case of working with only one salad, you can get by with a notification to the regulatory authorities about the opening of your production. There are also technical conditions (TS) for salads, but there are no state standards, and they must be taken into account when creating products. The products are being examined, and here it is better to initially create a complete menu, including dishes that are not planned to be made at first, but in the future. This is necessary in order to obtain a general opinion on all products and not to re-examine.

Next, you need to obtain a sanitary and epidemiological permit, which is issued only if the enterprise complies with all norms and rules. This includes all natural requirements for maintaining cleanliness, carrying out deratization and disinfection measures, but requirements may also be put forward for the separation of technical zones. That is, the kitchen itself, the refrigerator, the washing unit and other rooms should be separated from each other. It is necessary to find a company that will deal with the removal of waste and, of course, it is necessary to ensure complete fire safety. Only an organization that meets all the requirements can obtain all permits and legally carry out its activities.

The entrepreneur also needs to think about the implementation of labor protection measures, because employees and entrepreneurs involved in the food production industry are checked especially carefully. And finally, it should be noted that each region of this country may have its own requirements for regulatory bodies, sometimes significantly different from the general ones. Therefore, the best solution to this issue is to contact the local regulatory authorities at the earliest opportunity and immediately collect all information about the requirements and conditions.

You can also contact specialized companies that provide assistance in obtaining a particular document, but in this case you need to count on additional expenses. This issue is perhaps the most important at the stage of organization, without his decision it will not be possible to engage in his activities, sooner or later a company that operates illegally will be discovered, and the entrepreneur will get off with a large fine in the most favorable scenario.

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The next step is to find a place for your production. Here you need to look for a place that is convenient for the subsequent delivery of finished products to points of sale. Some entrepreneurs open some semblance of a canteen, launching a small production in a crowded area and selling salads directly to retail, but this format of work has some disadvantages, the most important of which is the lack of development and a deliberately small number of consumers. That is, this option is suitable only for those who want to do small-scale production. Salads are usually sold in bulk to retailers. Thus, the entrepreneur himself determines the place where it will be convenient for him to work, and then deliver the goods, many start such a business almost at home, erecting production facilities on their own site.

However, it is unlikely that it will be possible to work only in one’s own kitchen, in this case there will be no main thing - large volumes of production, and competitors will easily bypass the entrepreneur. This format of work, when a businessman and his family make their own salads and deliver them to stores, may be relevant only in some small towns, but in general it has already become obsolete.

The room itself can be of different area, but it directly affects the possible volume of production. The best option is to rent a canteen that is no longer working, possibly from the Soviet era, because in this case, premises originally designed for cooking and divided among themselves according to all the rules will be transferred to the disposal. But for large volumes of production, a fairly large workshop will be required, which can occupy more than 100 square meters, in such a territory several tons of salads can be produced monthly, and it is precisely such sales volumes that can make such a business highly profitable.

You also need to allocate space for a warehouse complex, but first of all, a warehouse is needed for raw materials, but not for finished products, it must be immediately delivered to retail outlets, only in this case you can achieve a quick turnover of your funds. The delay of finished products in the warehouse leads to costs, so you also need to take care of organizing your own fleet of vehicles, because not every retailer will be able to pick up goods directly from the factory. Moreover, no retailer, except perhaps a very large one, will want to cooperate with a firm that cannot supply it with products on its own. Therefore, the territory of its complex can occupy a plot of several hundred square meters, and for the organization of such production it will be necessary to allocate several million rubles. Of course, a small production facility can be opened for a couple of hundred thousand rubles, but in this case, it is expected to use mainly manual labor, which affects the volume of products supplied.

In this regard, full-fledged lines for the production of ready-made salads have already been developed today. They are several machines that perform almost all processes - from cleaning vegetables and boiling and frying them to cutting and mixing, followed by placement in a designated container. The cost of such a line can vary greatly depending on the configuration, calculated loads and manufacturer, the most expensive are European cars, Chinese and Russian devices are the cheapest, and the difference for completely similar products can be several times. The manufacturer usually supports the possibility of individual selection of the line configuration, thanks to which it is possible to assemble devices that are necessary only for their own production. However, it should be borne in mind that the production line is almost always assembled only to order, which means that it takes time to manufacture, deliver and install it. The cost of such equipment starts at about 100 thousand rubles for one car, washing baths and some other auxiliary devices are cheaper.

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Refrigeration equipment is purchased separately, a large room is allocated for the refrigeration warehouse, and it should be located in close proximity to the production. Refrigeration equipment is also purchased for own trucks, which will be used to deliver goods to retail outlets. It is better to start purchasing equipment only after receiving information about the requirements of Rospotrebnadzor and other inspection bodies, because then it will be possible to assemble only those machines that meet these requirements. As a result, the cost of the line itself, its transportation and installation will cost several hundred thousand rubles or even millions, the amount varies depending on the configuration, so sometimes there is an opportunity to save money, but for large volumes and a normal assortment range, a significant amount of investment is required.

The next question is personnel. Usually, in an enterprise in this industry, despite the apparent complexity, not too many people are employed. If the process is automated, then only a few operators are needed to monitor the equipment, load raw materials and control the process. Manual labor here is usually minimal, although there are machines that work only with refined or heat-treated products. However, if a home production is opened, where all the equipment is a food processor, knives and other kitchen utensils, then many people may be required to quickly create the right amount of salads.

We must not forget that all employees who are directly involved in the production process, that is, they deal with vegetables and other products, must have sanitary books and work only in a special form. Hygiene is above all.

Transport drivers will be needed. The rest of the employees are engaged in administrative and organizational work, special attention should be paid to sales representatives who will find new points of sale for products and promote them among merchants. However, at first, the entrepreneur himself will almost certainly deal with all these issues, because at first there should not be too many products, which means that it is not difficult to cope with such work alone.

All other business processes that are not related to the organization's profit should be outsourced. This is the already mentioned labor protection, bookkeeping, security and safety, garbage disposal and cleaning of the territory and premises. You will almost certainly have to collaborate with a large number of third-party organizations, but this can significantly reduce costs.

Typically, in such a business, the product reaches the end consumer without passing through only one intermediary. That is, the manufacturer transfers the product to the retailer, and end consumers buy salads from him. Sometimes a wholesale intermediary is added to this chain, which works with retail, purchasing a large batch of goods from the manufacturer. As already noted, it is usually not advisable to engage in retail sales on your own, that is, the manufacturer must find enough partners. Even ordinary grocery stores will become them, in which ordinary people often buy familiar and simple salads.

If the point is located near large offices or just in business districts, then a significant part of the office workers will buy salads on their breaks, this applies to those who cannot afford lunch in a cafe or restaurant. You can even try to go to canteens at enterprises and even entrepreneurs who offer hot meals right in the office. If they do not have any salads on the menu, then we can agree on cooperation.

But where you almost certainly won’t be able to get through is to large retail chains. Typically, such major players have been producing salads on their own for a long time, in hypermarkets the kitchen is organized right there, which allows customers to purchase the freshest product possible. However, even in this case, the distribution network is sufficient to sell all its products without experiencing serious problems due to the impossibility of cooperation with hypermarkets.

It should also be noted that in this business a certain percentage of sold products will be returned, because a rare outlet will agree to suffer losses due to unsold products due to the short shelf life of products. Sometimes this figure can reach 10%.

The profitability of large-scale production is about 10-15%, the payback period can be up to 2-3 years. Home production, if it turned out to be relevant, usually pays off in a few months, and the profitability is many times greater, but there are no prospects if you do not invest serious funds in development. Such a business can be expanded by the subsequent creation of ready-made meals, which can simply be reheated and already have meat dishes with a side dish. But this is a slightly more complex production.

Matthias Laudanum

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