Neither from course with this suddenly it became interesting, but from what, in fact, a chewing gum is made? Let's deal with.

Let's start with the story: oddly enough, but the prototype of modern chewing gums were found almost in all parts of the world:
In the Mayan tribes, frozen gevent juice was used as chewing gum.
In ancient Greece, chewed a resin of a mastic tree, which perfectly refreshed his breath.
In India, chewing gum replaced a mixture of seeds of arrow palm, leaf of the pear beell and lime. This composition is well disinfected by the oral cavity, by the way, in many Asian countries they chew now.
In Siberia, chewed a dying resin of larch, which not only cleaned his teeth, but also strengthened the guys.
Well, the most ancient sample of the chewing was found in Yuli-Iy (Finland), scientists calculated age - 5000 years!
Modern chewing gum began its history in 1848, in the city of Banggor (USA), where the world's first fabric manufacturing factory was built on an industrial scale. The owner of the factory John Kurtis begins to sell the first chewing gum called "White Mountain" and "cream with sugar". Unfortunately, Kortis's chewing was not popular among the population and in 1860 he turns out production.

On June 5, 1869, Dentist William Finley Sampliz from Ohio received the first patent for chewing gum. But he did not take up the mass production of gum.
1869, the photographer Thomas Adams is taken for business, who, after careful studies of the rubber properties, begins production of chewing gum in multi-colored wrappers. His first gum with a taste of Lacrints, was called - Black Jack. A formula for chewing gum brought Walter Dimer in 1928 - 20% rubber, 60% sugar (or substitutes), 19% corn syrup and 1% flavoring, thanks to this composition, chewing It has good elasticity, which allows you to inflate bubbles from it. It is still used about the same formula to this day, however, instead of rubber, synthetic rubber is now added, plus a whole set of thickeners, flavors. Interesting fact: The largest bubble from the chewing gum was inflated by Susan Montgomery from the USA, the bubble diameter was about 59 centimeters ...

White and multicolored, long and short, plate and twisted in the "snail", with mint, apple, raspberries and a large variety of the most amazing tastes, chewing gum or "chewing" has long been popular with children, and in adults. We are chewing this hard taste and rarely think about what it is made. But there is perhaps the question of which is really worth thinking: "How to make a boot of home yourself?"

Everyone knows that most manufacturers often seek a way to save more, and therefore can add many harmful and tasteless chemistry to your favorite chewing gum. If you do not want to consume incomprehensible dyes and nutritional supplements, then the recipe for self-preparation should be quite by the way. How to make a chewing house? Now you will learn about it.

Just and tasty

This is perhaps the easiest and fastest way to prepare "gum". It is suitable for those who are not so important to the taste, how much breathing freshness. Such a chewing gum will clean your teeth and do not get bored. The list of all the necessary ingredients is so simple that anyone will cope. And the set of necessary products can be bought in the nearest supermarket.

Below is a recipe, AK make a chewing house. It will take:

• starch - 10 g;
• the base for the chewing - 1 pack;
• corn syrup - 5 g;
• mint leaves - 20 pcs. They significantly improve the taste.

To begin, it is necessary to place the base for the chewing in the microwave. Enough and 90 seconds, no longer needed. Then mix the entire mass with syrup and bring to a homogeneous state.

Now it's a mint. Look as much as possible juice from its leaves and add to the resulting mass. All ingredients should be mixed well and send to the fridge for a couple of hours. Before cooling, do not forget to give it the necessary form. Wait until everything freezes and enjoy the taste of a natural product home.

Better than in the store

How to make a simple gum home so that it does not differ in taste from purchased in the store? The question is complex, but solved. The second cooking recipe will require a little more time and components. But the chewing will turn out really tasty.

To begin with - a list of all necessary:

• fruit juice - 100 ml,
• gelatin - 1 package;
• starch - 1 tsp;
• water - 100ml;
• lemon juice;
• sugar syrup - 300ml.

A microwave will be needed again for cooking. Heat fruit juice in it and add it to gelatin. Remove the masses to the swelling. Then pour sugar syrup and slightly warm. If you wish, you can add a special food additive or dye. As soon as the syrup becomes warm enough, add swirl starch to it with gelatin. All that happened, you need to mix until homogeneity, and then thoroughly strain through the sieve. Now we send the resulting mass into the refrigerator for 8-9 hours, and then try and compare what is tastier.

Fragrant strawberry chewing

For lovers of fruit sweets there is another useful way: how to make a home cheer, the recipe for which she is with the taste of strawberries? This option is perfect for families with young children.

So, going to the store for the desired ingredients, do not forget to include on the list:

• the base of chewing gum - 1st. l;
• dye food red or pink color;
• strawberry flavoring - 7-8 drops;
• sugar powder - 10 g;
• citric acid - 5 g;
• glycerin - 5-6 ml;
• corn syrup - 5 g

To begin with, set aside a sugar powder and a strawberry flavoring. Everything else is thoroughly mixed and put in a microwave oven for about 1 minute. After that, add strawberry flavoring and mix again.

I put the resulting mixture on the sugar powder and interfere until it becomes completely thick. From the resulting mass we make a plate of any shape: squares, circles, flowers, animals. You can use special ready-made molds. Then we put it all in the refrigerator for 4 hours. If desired, the finished chewing can be packaged into multi-colored candies.

Gum with honey

How to make a chewing house so that it turns out to be truly tasty? It is not easy, but still quite feasible.

This will require:

• chewing mass - 1st. the spoon;
• honey - 1h. the spoon;
• sugar - 2 tbsp. spoons;
• flavor flavor - 1 h. spoon;
• food dye - a small pinch.

To begin with, we put a chewing mass on a water bath and heating it at least 20 minutes, stirring all the time. Then gently add honey, flavoring, sugar and dye. Everyone is slowly stirred again. Then remove the resulting mass from the fire and cool. You can try immediately.

Tasty and healthy

It turns out chewing gum may be not only tasty, but also useful. The main thing is to know a good recipe, how to make a chewing house. In this case, you can enjoy your favorite chest, without thinking about the fact that there are many harmful components in it.

Chewing gum has long become an integral part of a person's life. Does not allow it to forget the television advertising that is glad to remind you that the gum reduces the risk of caries. What other "abilities" possesses a gum, let's try to figure it out in this article.

The history of the chewing is rooted in ancient Greece, then the Greeks liked to chew a resin of the wood masses growing in Greece and Turkey. Already then they realized that the mastic, so they called the chewing, cleans the teeth and refreshes the breath. Loved to chew frozen juice trees and the Maya Indians, 1000 years ago, they used the juice of the Sapodilla tree, and Latin American Indians chewed the frozen juice of coniferous trees. Later, the white settlers took this habit of aboriginal, but improved chewing gum, mixing the resin of coniferous trees with bees wax. As for the first commercial chewing gum, it appeared on the market in 1848 with the light hand of John B. Kuritis in Maine.

Today, the chewing gum industry is one of the most purchases, because most people subconsciously absorbs advertising slogans that the gum is tasty, useful and fashionable. At the same time, few people care about the effect of it on the body, and meanwhile, for many, the use of gum has become a habit. Manufacturers offer us a huge selection of chewing gum in bright colored packaging, and we, seduced for quick and easy care for the oral cavity, are ready to use a chewing gum, generously sharing it and with their children.

Nowadays, there have already been a lot of harm who can cause chewing gum of human health, the theme of the proper use of chewing gum has become relevant and interesting for research scientists. Some countries consider the patience of the population with a good social problem with a zhwashing, because people are not considered none or over time, they chew it during a conversation, at lectures at the university, neglecting the established ethical norms. At the same time, doctors beat the alarm, revealing the negative consequences of a detrimental habit of frequent use of chewing. It turns out that there are chewing gum, which are especially dangerous for our health, and especially for the health of children. This is explained by the fact that their composition includes chemical elements whose properties most people are unknown. The infectious advertisement states that chewing gum will help improve dental enamel, restore the acid-alkaline balance, eliminate the dental stone and so on. But why do people who often use the gum, develop the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, occurs mechanical damage to the dental enamel or falls out seals? This will not tell you any advertisement!

Chemical composition of chewing gum

Since the beginning of the chemical gum history, its chemical composition has changed repeatedly until the manufacturers have found the "ideal formula", the essence of which is that the rubber base is 20% of the chewing, and 60% is given to the sugar. Another 5% is the additives that attach taste, color and smell. Most of these ingredients are a commercial secret, as well as the components of each individual fragrance and taste. It turns out that we are in the ignorance of what we use and offer children?

Rubber base Zhwumachka

The main raisin of chewing gum is its rubber base. Initially it was assumed that this basis should consist of the juice of rubber trees, which in the process of acid treatment or when evaporation becomes a soft and elastic mass. But think if there can be so many trees on earth to satisfy mass production? Manufacturers have found a way out of the deficiency of the juice of rubberous trees and began to replace it with a synthetic basis.

There are children's chewing gum, and their purpose seemingly should reduce the risk of negative impact on the body. But the data of the test center of polymer shoes, medical and latex products of Russia have shown that it is the children's grade of Zhwayk, most dangerous. The "harm" of the gum can even determine the taste - it is more rigid, it loses the taste faster and soon begins to give bitterness. Such properties of the gum gives the butadiene-styrene rubber, which constitutes its rubber base. As a rule, this component uses producers of the third world countries, but it happens that developed states are saved with its help.

Some countries have forbidden the use of butadiene-styrene rubber, since during research it was found that the styrene allocated to them causes irritation of mucous membranes, provokes headache and negatively affects the nervous system.

The manufacturers of the rubber base of chewing gum are most often the same companies that are engaged in the supply of rubber, as well as enterprises buying rubber and selling a rubber basis or large companies engaged in the production of chewing gum. In order for the chewing and mechanical properties of the chewing, the consumer needs, special additives that preserve elasticity are needed. As such, the glycerin or emulsifiers of natural origin (lecithin, comedy, antioxidants can be added).

Nutritional supplements

Today, many are aware of the negative impact on the body of taste stimulants, so popular with food producers. If we talk about the most expensive grabs of chewing gum, then they are distinguished by a rich taste and aroma, which means that they contain a whole complex of food additives.

Yes, we all want everyone to be the taste of chewing gum as longer as possible, such chewing are most like people. But, as mentioned above, taste locks are commercial mystery, known only to manufacturers. Experts found that the taste of chewing gum with a sugar substitute longer than with natural sugar.

The most popular taste of chewing gum is considered, of course, menthol. Let's see what is a mentholic gum. Menthol has four stereoisomers, each of which is inherent in the form "-", "+" and "+/-". The main difference between stereoisomers is the taste and smell. The most intense menthol or colder taste has (-) menthol, which is 80% of peppermint essential oil. But modern technologies have developed synthetic menthol, often used in production. Although today there are research data that is encouraged that the prevailing part of menthol is obtained from the peppermint oil. In this case, the oil undergoes the cooling stage and the subsequent centrifugation of crystals.

In modern fabrics, a huge variety of fruit flavors is used, the main components of which are recognizable and are known. But the consumer requires taste, smell and color is completely identical to natural or even exceeding it. For this purpose, many chewing chews have to be tangled. Agree, the gum of gray-white color smells to strawberry. All dyes for gum should be officially allowed by the International Quality Standard and enter the list of proven and harmless substances. The list of such exists, in addition, it is constantly complemented and rechecked, it can be excluded with negative components. This happened with a monoazonafthane, naphthalene red dye, known under the E-123 code. It turns out that it was removed due to the detection of its mutagenic activity. But how much time he was used in chewing gum!

Human chewing and health

What happens to our organism when we abuse chewing elastic bands? If you take a microbiological side, then the large content of sugar makes the cheek absolutely harmless, the bacteria simply do not survive at such a concentration. But there is still excessive calorie content, disturbed metabolism and teeth disease - a kit that causes a systematic consumption of chewing gum.

The biggest accumulation of microbes on the human body is the mouth. It is microbes that distinguish a huge amount of acids that destroy the teeth. "Right" chewing must neutralize the acid, for this carbamide is added to it. Buying chewing gum, pay attention to the presence of sugar or sugar in it. If the composition enters glucose, then all the dysbacterial properties are canceled, because glucose itself contributes to the spread of bacteria.

Despite the fact that the main purpose of chewing gum is the protection of teeth, many of the varieties themselves cause the occurrence of diseases of the oral cavity. If you carefully study the composition of the chewing, you will see that the main components are glycerin (E-422 stabilizer), gumiarabic (E-414 thickener), butylhydroxinazole (antioxidant E-320), lecithins and phosphatides (E-322 emulsifier). Glycerin, in large quantities sucking in blood, shows toxic properties, resulting in blood diseases such as hemolysis, hemoglobinuria and even methemoglobin kidney infarcates. The concentration of butylhydroxyinazole increases the level of cholesterol in the blood, and lecithin contributes to strong salivation with subsequent disorders of the digestive system. Serious changes in constant chewing gum are also the composition of saliva, which threatens the development of caries, periodontosis, gingivitis, etc.

Those who are familiar with the reflex laws of Pavlov understands that during prolonged chewing, the work of the secretory apparatus of the digestive system begins, that is, the saliva glasses begin to produce saliva when food is hit in the stomach, more gastric juice is distinguished, the bile in the bustle bubble is gone, that is, all digestive The system is preparing for food processing. No food! At the same time, saliva can not be neutralized, and gastric juice too. Such stagnant phenomena lead to what they are formed. stones in the bustle bubble, gastritis, duodenites, cholecystitis and patories of salivary glands.

Let us remember another effect of chewing gum - laxative. The fact is that most of the zhwayk contains sorbitol - a sugar substitute. This component refers to alcohols, polyolam, known as sweetness and their laxative properties. Of course, someone can say that 30-40 g of gum should be burned to achieve this effect, but life shows that it happens and 10 g. Enhances the laxative effect another component - xylitis. On the one hand, it is useful for teeth, but on the other, it also represents a group of polyols and the slate is also effective. The conclusion is: all antiquarian chewing gums are able to cause diarrhea.

Note, the weight of one pack of gum 13-15 g, which means that it may contain 8-10 g of laxative-sweet alcohols. Of course, it is impossible to argue that chewing gum is a good laxative. After all, alcohols, polyols, work as osmotic drugs, that is, they delay part of the liquid in the thick intestine. This leads to the fact that spasms and meteorism arise. And people who are already suffering gastroduodenites, colits in general, the fault is contraindicated. Especially harmful to chew on an empty stomach.

Another detrimental effect of gum is the development of psychological dependence. For many fans of "fresh breath", chewing gum has become a real salvation, because it is quick and just helps to acquire confidence in the absence of unpleasant smell of mouth after meals. But polls conducted in most countries showed that most people are worse treating people who are constantly a cheerful cheek, some of the events are in general cause disgust.

It is extremely harmful at the same time to chew a gum and tighten the cigarette, since the chewing has the ability to absorb carcinogenic substances, which together with saliva fall into the stomach.

Specialists of the Rochester University during the studies came to the conclusion that the gum in the form of cigarettes produces habit of smoking in children. Similar gums like many children, as they have a feeling of involvement of themselves to adulthood. And if the child often uses chewing gum, completely imitating cigarette designs, then his chances of becoming an avid smokers are growing greatly. Today in the UK, Canada and Australia, such chewing "cigarettes" are already prohibited, but in the USA they are sold next to ordinary chewing and even their packaging is completely identical to the packaging from cigarettes.

Readings of the use of chewing

So really it is necessary to say goodbye to chewing elastic, the regular use of which can lead to dangerous diseases that are required complex treatment?

By no means. In fact, the chewing can provide us with a service, because it contributes to the release of gastric juice, and also improves digestion, removes food residues from the surface of the dental enamel. But all this applies only to the first 5-10 min. after meal.

The plant, where they make chewing gum, is located on the outskirts of the city, but from the Novgorod Kremlin can be reached in five minutes. Along the entire plant, the smell stretches - not strong, sweet and very pleasant. I want to immediately enter inside to feel more clearly.

Walk starts from a warehouse where raw materials at this time take place. The plant is built in one line to be able to extend or expand the complex if necessary.

Raw materials enters the unloading zone every day, and almost all materials are delivered from Europe and America, domestic - only honey, talc and malt syrup (s).

What made a chew

Chewing gum consists of a rubber base, sweeteners and flavors. Previously, chewing gum was produced on the basis of natural rubber, but this is a complex and expensive process - now almost no one does. The synthetic base is made in Ireland and Poland, comes in large bags and is similar to small gradies. It is she who gives the cheek elasticity, drig and long-playing taste. There is about ten types of bases - solid and softer, a combination of two types can be used in one hood.

All frightening names on the package - Izomalt, sorbitol, Malthitis, Aspartame and Acessulfam are powder sweeteners that replace sugar. Sweeteners are much more expensive than the sugar itself and are produced outside of Russia.

The flavors are divided into liquid and dry (they are stored in two different rooms), as well as on synthetic and natural. So, all fruit flavors are synthetic, and mint - extractor from plants. One flavor, which would transmit a specific taste, such as watermelon, does not exist. Each taste is achieved by mixing different ingredients - to obtain a specific taste, up to 30 ingredients can be used. Components of different flavors have Dirol and Stimorol - more than 300. They have expiration date from three months to five years.

All flavors are held by the procedure for confirming compliance with the requirements of the Customs Union. In addition, the share of flavors in chewing gum is very small. The difference between natural and identical natural flavors only in the method of obtaining: they are absolutely identical in composition and structure. Food dyes also pass certification and allowed to use in food.

At the same time, chewing gum do not contain sugar, since it is associated with the formation of caries. Sweeteners can cause a laxative effect with excessive one-time consumption, but for the possible appearance of such an effect it is necessary to use a large amount of chewing gum at once. Acesulphas are not recommended to use more than one gram per day, but to get this amount from chewing gum, you need to use about one kilogram of chewing gum (more than 70 packs) in the day (more than 70 packs).

Chewing gum really is not recommended to chew more than 15 minutes and on an empty stomach to avoid reinforced formation of gastric juice. It is also important to remember that chewing gum does not replace the cleaning of the teeth. Her destination is to refresh the breath, get a pleasant taste and sensation.

Gum like pog

Chewing gum production is similar to the production of pies. First, the ingredients are mixed, the dough rolls, it is cut down a little, sent to the oven, and finally get and pack.

From the moment when the necessary powders arrived at production, until the time when the gum falls into the supermarket, it takes at least a week. The production of chewing gum is a technologically complex and non-linear process with interruptions at almost every stage. In total, 15 processing and packaging lines are working here.

In the first room, liquid flavors are mixed - this is manually mixed: the operator finds a metal tag container and adds the desired amount of content to a large tank.

All workers in respiratory masks, the operator refuses the desired amount of powders, which refers to the recipe, weighs and adds to plastic buckets. So it turns out a mixture of two-six ingredients, which is then sent to a large mixer.

From the mixer to the conveyor

In mixers, a mixture of (bases like dough), flavors and sweeteners spend up to 40 minutes and heated to a certain temperature.

The dough is unloaded into a special container, which is going on - to the pre-extruder and extruder. These machines are mixed again, and then roll out the layers as a mechanical rolling pin. After a certain thickness is reached, the dough is cut by longitudinal and transverse rollers. Plates are obtained at the exit, which are easy to split on the pads. At the factory, they are called "core" or "bark". To the dough does not stick to the surfaces, oil or talc is used.

The brigadier freezes the length and width of the random sampling of the pads using weights and electronic calipers. The dimensions of the single pads are about 19.5 mm by 11.8 mm. Excessive hundreds of Millimeter - and the whole game will go on processing.

If the parameters check is passed, the core is sent to the cold warehouse. There, the bark is withstanding for about three days and hardens. After that, she is sent to the car with the working title "Ruckot", which, vibrating, breaks sheets into separate pills. Further, they will have the process of driving.

The driving unit looks like a washing machine. You can see the drum and see how the suspension is served there - water, sweetener and flavors. The powerful flow of dry air removes water, and the suspension covers the core of about 40 layers. So chewing gum acquires its ultimately species and consistency.

The packing shop is automated. The operator, sitting on the conveyor, should one or twice an hour check the parameters of the pads, the operation of metal detectors and make the appropriate marks. Employees are forbidden to chew a chewing chewing in production, but this does not apply to those who are sitting in the packaging workshop. Here, the duties of operators includes a breakdown of chewing taste. Employees should know the entire line of tastes of the Zhwayk, for this they pass special training and tests on Sensoric. The gum is packaged in a water and airtight foil, in blisters and in packing two pads, and then in boxes.

How to come up with tastes of chewing

Usually, the development of a new taste leaves from the year to one and a half years. Each country has its own preferences. In Turkey, they love cheek without flavors and practically without sweeteners - they are chewing almost one base. In France earlier they supplied a lacrich chewing gum. But in Russia this taste did not go. In some countries, Africa prefer chewing gum with sugar, and not with sweeteners.

On the day at the factory, almost 20 million cushions of chewing gum are produced, the finished products in the warehouse are not delayed for a long time. Chewing gum deliver to distribution warehouses in Russia, and also sent to CIS countries, Baltic States, Morocco, Lebanon, Greece, Turkey.

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Chewing gum Rises roots to the ancient Greeks who chewed the resin of mastic trees, and the Maja people tribes were used as a chewing gum. Frozen Gevi juice, rubber. Modern chewing gum was patented in the United States in 1869, and who would have thought of a dentist. In 1928, another American Walter Dimer (Daimer) invented an inflatable gum, using rubber, sugar, corn syrup and flavoring proportions. Inflatable chewing gum in the balls of all colors and size. But for bubbles there is nothing better than pink mass.

How to make a chewing: everything starts with chewing base\u003e - substance that allows you to chew a gum. Previously, the basis was made of wood resin, but today it is synthetic: from plastic and rubber. The chewing base is placed in a mixer, dyes and flavors are added. With the beginning of stirring, glucose syrup is added to sweeten the composition. It is liquid, and it helps to keep the chewing base soft. Then add dextrose, TK.NAZ. "Grape sugar" - powder sweetener. Ingredients are stirred for 20 minutes. Mixing heats the mass, from which it is melted together.

The mixture is ready when it reached the consistency of the test. On the trolley it is delivered to the press for pre-extrusion. The press squeezes the mixture through a narrow hole, it seems like how toothbrushes are made squeezing toothpaste from tube. It turns a large, bulky, whom in comfortable strips, which then pass through the main press for extrusion.

Another press compresses each strip to the actual width of the cheese of chewing; It comes out with a long continuous flow to then be cut on a portion. The extrusion process warms up the chewing. If it is cut and pack it now - it will stick to the wrap. So the next stop is the cooling chamber. The chewing hits there for 15 minutes at a temperature of 3-7 ºС.

At the outlet, the chewing gum is sufficiently cooled for cutting and packaging. The operation performs one machine, for a split second. When slow motion on the video shows how a continuous thread of the chewing is included with one end of the machine, and it cuts it on portions; The device pushes each piece into a wrapper of shared paper, and turns both ends of the phantha. The machine handles 900 slices of chewing gum per minute.

Last stop is packing. The gum falls on the scales that automatically take the desired amount to the bottom of the jar. The jar is sealing with plastic to make her hermetic; It will save a fresh chew. Chewing gum make pink because it was the only color that was found at Walter Dimer when he invented it at the beginning of the second quarter of the 20th century. Since then, the color has taken place.