Green S, also known as Food Green S, FD&C Green 4, Acid green 50, Lissamine green b, Wool Green S, C.I. 44090) is a synthetic food coloring having the chemical formula C 27 H 25 N 2 O 7 S 2 Na.

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Excerpt from Green S

- Mom, Bolkonsky has arrived! - she said. - Mom, this is awful, this is unbearable! “I don’t want ... to suffer! What should I do?…
Before the countess had time to answer her, Prince Andrey entered the drawing-room with an anxious and serious face. As soon as he saw Natasha, his face lit up. He kissed the hand of the countess and Natasha and sat down by the sofa.
“It has been a long time since we had pleasure ...” the countess began, but Prince Andrey interrupted her, answering her question and obviously in a hurry to say what he needed.
- I have not been with you all this time, because I was with my father: I needed to talk with him about a very important matter. I just returned last night, ”he said, glancing at Natasha. “I need to speak with you, Countess,” he added after a moment's silence.
The countess sighed heavily and lowered her eyes.
“I'm at your service,” she said.
Natasha knew that she had to leave, but she could not do this: something was squeezing her throat, and she was impolite, straight, with open eyes looking at Prince Andrey.
"Now? This minute! ... No, it can't be! " she thought.
He looked at her again, and this look convinced her that she was not mistaken. - Yes, now, this very minute, her fate was being decided.
“Come, Natasha, I’ll call you,” the countess said in a whisper.

The food additive is produced under the code classification number E 140 in the form of powder or granulate. In fact, it is sodium salt, since coal tar acts as a raw material for its production.

Origin:artificial

Danger:middle level

Synonymous names:E142, E-142, green S, E142, green S, E-142, synthetic triarylmethane, Green S

General information

Get dye E 142 or sodium salt by synthesizing coal tar. The resulting granulate or powder has a dark green tint, almost black.

The properties of this dye mean: good dissolution in an aqueous medium, an alcoholic medium, and a complete absence of dissolution in a vegetable oil medium.

In addition, this substance exhibits high resistance to heat treatment and the use of fruit acids thereto.

In the form of a chemical formula, it can be written as follows: C 27 H 25 N 2 O 7 S 2 Na.

Effect on the body

Harm

This type of additive is quite harmful to the human body, since it is not a natural substance. When consumed with food, various types can develop.

Also, allergic reactions are also manifested with external contact of the substance with the skin of a person.

When the additive is ingested, its absorption by the intestines does not occur.

Benefit

Since green S is a completely artificial industrial product, it is not endowed with useful qualities for human health and life.
But in the course of his numerous studies, scientists have found that this type of dye, with its rare use, does not carry any particular danger and is practically harmless to health.

Using

This additive is used in such a field of medicine as. Here, with its help, diagnostic studies of diseases of the ocular surface are carried out.

In pharmacology and cosmetology, it is used to color drugs and some cosmetics.

Also in the textile industry, dye E 142 is needed for dyeing woven fibers (woolen and silk).

In food production, the E-142 additive has found wider application. So it is added to canned fruits, peas, mint sauce, ice cream or popsicles, desserts, confectionery (sweets, for fillings).

You can often find this dye in cereals, bagged soups, minced fish, various spices, semi-finished crayfish, mustard, spicy snacks, cheese and sausage coatings.

Easter eggs are also dyed green with S.

Legislation

Canada, Norway and Japan have banned the use of green S dye in food production in their legislation due to its synthetic nature.
Ukraine, Russia and many other European countries allow its use for many food products.

Green S (food additive E142) is a synthetic substance that is a sodium salt obtained from coal tar. E142 additive is a powder or granulate of dark green, almost black color. E142 dye dissolves well in water and ethanol, but does not dissolve in vegetable oils. The additive has high thermal stability and moderate resistance to fruit acids. The chemical formula of the additive E142: C 27 H 25 N 2 O 7 S 2 Na.

Effect on the body

Harm

E142 additive is capable of causing severe allergic reactions in direct contact with the skin, and in people who are sensitive to allergies, and when taking products containing this additive. E142 dye is practically not absorbed in the human intestine.

Benefit

Due to its synthetic origin, the E142 additive is not characteristic of the human body. There are currently no data on any benefits of the "Green S" dye.

At the same time, in studies carried out on laboratory rats, the "Green S" dye has shown its safety in case of irregular use.

Using

In the food industry, E142 additive is used as a colorant in the manufacture of mint sauce, canned peas, and fruits. Also, the E142 dye is added in the production of ice cream (for example, popsicles), desserts, sweets and various confectionery products (rarely). E142 food additive is used in the production of dry soups, minced fish, dry snacks based on potatoes, spices, and shellfish semi-finished products. It is added to mustard, fish roe, spicy snacks, edible tops of cheeses and sausages. In addition, E142 is widely used as a dye for Easter eggs.

Other uses of Green S:

• in ophthalmology, used to diagnose various diseases of the surface of the eye;
• in the textile industry, for dyeing wool and silk;
• it is used for coloring any pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.

Legislation

E142 additive is included in the list of approved food additives in the Russian Federation, Ukraine and many other countries. At the same time, E142 dye is banned for use in food in Canada, Norway, and Japan.

General characteristics and obtaining

Purpose: used for food coloring. The maximum daily dosage is 0.01-0.05 g per kg of body weight. It is not recommended to exceed the norms.

Effect on the human body

Since the dye is considered synthetic, the benefits for the human body have not been scientifically proven.

If consumed in small amounts and irregularly, there is no harm to health. With frequent use, the risk of malignant tumors increases, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) may occur - diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, bloating. The human intestine is not adapted to the absorption of this dye.

Do not give products containing E142 to children - they provoke an increase in activity and can cause serious allergic reactions.

Appointment

Since the green S dye gives a very stable and high-quality color, it is used to give a "presentation". The additive is often included in the dye for Easter eggs, as well as:

• In the composition of non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages.
• Food grade decorative coatings.
• Confectionery.
• Convenience foods and fast food.
• Seasoning.
• Chilled food.
• Processed cheeses, meat and fish products and others.

The dye is also used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. It is used to dye silk and woolen fabrics. Also green S is used to diagnose ophthalmic diseases.

Food products	Maximum level of E 142 content in products
Soft drinks
Fresh and canned fruits and vegetables in glaze
Ice cream, popsicles
Desserts, including dairy flavored products
Confectionery
Sauces, dry and pasty seasonings
Decorative coatings
Processed flavored cheeses
Mustard, fish roe
Extruded or blasted snacks
Other snack foods
Smoked fish
Surimi, fish "with salmon"
Pasta, bakery products, baked goods
Liquid dietary supplements
Solid dietary supplements
Protein substitutes for meat and fish
Low alcohol drinks, cider, fruit wines
Coatings for sausages and cheeses

Legislation

E142 dye is approved for use in Russia and Ukraine. However, the supplement has already been officially banned in the USA, Canada, Norway, Japan due to possible health risks.

Food additives are substances that are added to food in order to maintain or improve the taste, as well as to give the desired product a more interesting and attractive appearance.

Green S or E142 is an additive that belongs to synthetic food colors, gives colored products a red-green or blue-green hue and today is actively popular in the food industry in Europe, Australia and New Zealand, at the same time when in Japan , Canada, USA, Finland, Sweden and Norway this substance is prohibited for use as a food additive, as it may be harmful to human health.

general characteristics

Synthetic food colors are organic compounds. They are not found in the environment, therefore they are called artificial. Many of them have been used in the food industry for decades.

Compared to natural food colors, synthetic ones, in turn, do not have flavoring agents and the presence of vitamins, but are much less susceptible to conservation conditions and technological processing, and also give us quite noticeable saturated colors, which gives them significant technological advantages.

E142 is a bright green artificial food coloring from the triphenylmethane family. Triphenylmethane substances are artificial organic compounds. They are all based on the triphenylmethane compound, which has the chemical formula (C6H5) 3CH. In simpler terms, green S is an artificial substance - sodium salts, which in turn are extracted from black coal tar. Its chemical formula looks like this: C27H25N2O7S2Na.

This additive is in the form of a dark blue or dark green powder, sometimes granules of a saturated green color, or is presented in the form of a green-blue, almost black aqueous solution.

The substance can withstand heating temperatures up to 150 degrees Celsius, in other words, it is quite thermally stable, soluble in ethanol, insignificantly, but has a complete absence of dissolution in oily plant solutions, has moderate resistance to alkalis and light, and is also well resistant to fruit acids. To maintain stability in the environment, E142 requires a neutral pH environment.

Using food coloring

Green S or E142, in addition to food production, is actively used in medicine, pharmacology, cosmetology and even in the textile industry.

So, it is added to:

• the drinks;
• mint jelly and sauce;
• canned peas and canned fruits;
• fruit and fruit ice;
• desserts and confectionery (for candy fillings);
• breakfast cereals and packaged soups;
• semi-finished products from;
• , dry mixes and various seasonings;
• cheese and sausages.

In medicine, in particular in ophthalmology, this substance is used for diagnostic purposes in diseases of the surface of the eye, for example, such as dry eye syndrome.

In cosmetology and pharmacology, E142 is used for coloring drugs, dietary mixtures, and a few cosmetic products.

Some textile industries have started using this additive for dyeing silk and woolen fabrics.

In the countries of the European Union, a maximum level of use of 10-500 mg / kg of food is allowed for various food products, in drinks it is permissible at a level of up to 200 mg / l.

Research: harm or benefit?

At the request of the European Commission for Food Safety, a scientific study was conducted in 1984 by a team of scientists assessing the safety of Green S when used as a food coloring. The studies were carried out in rodents.

At a dose of 1500 mg Green S / kg of body weight per day, the rats showed moderate anemia, increased blood urea levels, enlarged lymph nodes in the intestinal walls, and changes in the thyroid gland. And with long-term use of 500 mg / kg of body weight per day, including intrauterine irradiation, no pathologies were found in the analysis of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, stomach in mice, convincingly associated with the use of this dietary supplement.

Only a few neoplastic processes have been described, but the research team concluded that these non-neoplastic lesions were normal, non-treatment-related background changes, as they were similarly seen in rats that received E142 and those that did not. ...

In rats, none of the studies conducted are considered adequate by current standards. Three long-term studies were conducted with rats that were injected subcutaneously with E142 once or twice a week for about one year.

In one study, two males and one female developed a malignant tumor - sarcoma, while the other two studies were completely favorable. The group of scientists concluded that the observed local tumors were most likely associated with the physicochemical properties of the injected material, rather than with the carcinogenic potential of this food additive. In the course of the studies carried out on the absorption, metabolism and excretion of E142, it can be concluded that this dye is poorly absorbed in the intestine and is mainly excreted unchanged in feces.

Since this food coloring is synthetic, it is not endowed with any special useful qualities. It can cause allergic reactions, both when taken internally and through external contact with human skin. Therefore, it is recommended to exclude it from the diet of children. Currently, research is ongoing, but it is also known that these substances can cause the development of significant hyperactivity, bronchial asthma and insomnia.

It can be concluded that Green S or E142 is an artificial dye, but with rare and insignificant use of it, the additive is practically harmless and does not pose a particular danger to human health.