What is dry laces? The answer to the question called you will find in the materials of the article provided. In addition, we will tell you about what individual sets are existed today, as well as what they differ in different countries.

general information

Dry bucks are a set of products that is designed to supply military personnel, as well as civilians in conditions when there is no way to prepare hot food on their own. As a rule, such a diet is designed for one person. It should also be noted that a similar set may include products for both one meal and for a whole day.

Basic requirements for dry solders

Dry bucks of the Russian army from a similar set of products in other countries can vary significantly. However, general requirements for them are the same everywhere:

It should also be noted that in some cases such a set is presented with special requirements. For example, for dry lads should not include products that can form splashes and crumbs dangerous in weightlessness.

The composition of individual diet

What contains standard dry laces? The composition of such a set of products may be different. But most often it includes the following components:

• Sublimated and dried foods (dry fast food soups, soluble coffee, milk powder, etc.).
• Canned products (for example, condensed milk, stew, sprat, etc.).
• Galets (dry cookies), crackers or crackers.
• Food additives and taste amplifiers (various seasonings, salt, spices, sugar).
• Vitamins.

Additional inventory

In addition to food, civil or army dry lads includes such an additional inventory as:

• disposable tableware;
• funds that are designed to disinfect water;
• hygiene products (chewing gum, disinfectant napkins, etc.);
• means for heating food (for example, matches, etc.).

It should also be noted that neither Russian nor American dry lads include water. Drinking fluid is either issued separately, or is mined in place.

What food products is forbidden to include dry soldering?

There are a number of products that are strictly prohibited to include in civil or army dry labels. These include the following:

• Dishes containing burning spices or seasonings, nitrites over 0.03%, edible salt Over 0.8%, alcohol, nuclei of apricot bones, sodium pyrosulfate, natural coffee, confectionery and culinary fats.
• Unwashed products, as well as enormous vegetables and exotic fruits that are capable of being rapidly damped.
• All that require special temperature modes to preserve safety and quality.
• Confectionery, containing cream fillers and high cocoa content.
• Food products that do not have documents confirming their safety and quality.

Scope of application

Today, you can find both army and civil dry lads. The price of such sets differs significantly and depends on those products that are included in their composition.

It should be especially noted that military personnel are the main consumers of such rations. They are distinguished by dry lads for nutritional conditions, when there is no possibility to deploy a full hiking kitchen.

Among other things, this set of products is often used:

• People working in a night shift or a watched method in conditions when it is impossible to prepare a hot food for themselves.
• With flights that exercise long-term non-repayment flights, as well as on reserve and spare airfields.
• Humanitarian organizations.
• Crews of surface and submarine ships.
• Rescuers.
• Geologists, tourists and participants of various expeditions.

Set of dry soldering in the USSR

A set of daily allowances in the USSR per person was approved by the decision of the USSR SCC and the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). Thus, from June 1, 1941, dry tears of the Russian soldier included the following products:

• rye crackers - about 600 g (or black bread);
• concentrated millet porridge - 200 g;
• concentrated pea soup soup - 75 g;
• something one of the following list: half-selling sausage "Minsk" - 100 g, cheese (cheese) - 160 g, smoked / dry wobble - 150 g, dried fish fillet - 100 g, salted herring - 200 g, canned meat, 113 r;
• sugar sand - 35 g;
• tea - 2 g;
• salt - 10 g

Army set of dry soldering in the 1980s

In the eighties, dry lads were used in the Armed Forces of the USSR, which consisted of canned meat (250 g), two canned meat canned cans - each 250 g (that is, rice or buckwheat porridge with the addition of a small amount of beef), packing black crackers, Package of black tea, as well as a large amount of sugar.

Dry Sacks of the Russian Army

Since 1991, the "Individual diet" began to be used in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. There are two types of such a set:

• IRP-B, that is, an individual diet is a combat. It consists of 4 tin cans (stew, mince or pate, rice or with beef pieces and fish), 6 packs of army bread (most often fresh crackers), 2 patches of soluble tea with sugar sand, dry concentrate of natural drink "Well done", Fruit jacket (more often apple), 1 tablet polyvitamins, 1 package of soluble coffee, 4 sugar packages, tomato sauce, 3 Tablets "Aquatabs", intended for disinfection of drinking water, 4 tablets (portable heater), spoon, 3 hygiene napkins and wind-resistant matches .
• IRP-P, that is, an individual diet is everyday. Such a set has different numbers. It is calculated for a day (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and is not very different from the combat. However, the represented packs are slightly smaller in calorie and mass. Very often used during everyday activity, when there is no possibility to organize a field kitchen.

So, in IRP-P (No. 4) includes the following foods:

• army rye loaves - 300 g;
• stew pork - 250 g;
• amateur mince (canned) - 100 g;
• road pear porridge with beef slices - 250 g;
• slavic buckwheat porridge with beef pieces - 250 g;
• concentrate for cooking - 25 g;
• fruit jumped (more often apple) - 90 g;
• sugar sand - 30 g;
• with sugar - 32 g;
• heater (kit with dry alcohol tablets and wind-resistant matches) - 1 pc.;
• polyvitamins in dragee - 1 pc.;
• open packing and canned cans - 1 pc.;
• paper and hygienic napkins - 3 pcs.

Depending on the number of dry daily soldering, its contents may vary. So, in the seventh, the set includes salted herring, stewed meat with green peas, caviar from vegetables, fused cheese, two species, etc.

Despite the fact that different IRP-P numbers include different food products, such field rations are rather calorie. That is why during a full-fledged breakfast, lunch or dinner soldiers (or civilian) is able to enjoy well so that after continuing the fulfillment of his mission. After all, due to dry soldering, there is no need to organize which takes a lot of time and effort.

American dry mre

Dry solders of the armed forces are called MRE. This is an English abbreviation that is decrypted as MEAL, READY-TO-EAT, that is, "food ready to use." As a rule, such a set is packaged in a sandy color package, made of thick plastic (its dimensions of 25 × 15 × 5 cm). It specifies the menu number (24 pcs.) And the name of the main dish.

American dry lads, as well as Russian, rather calorie (about 1200 kilocalories). Depending on the menu, it can weigh from five hundred to seven grams. It should be especially noted that such a set is designed for one meal. In addition to the main dish, it has a hot soluble drink (coffee or tea), as well as cold, which is a powder lemonade.

Dry MRE bucks does not include the first. However, there is a dessert in the form of cookies, candies, cupcakes and biscuits. In addition, the composition of such a set can include soft cheese and galley.

To warm up the products of dry labels of Americans, includes a special package that contains a free chemical heater. So that it came into effect, it should be pouring a small amount of water into it, and then put the bag with a drink or food inward.

Composition of twenty-four American dry solders

Below to your attention are all types of individual diet of the US Army and some NATO countries. Dry buckles, in addition to the products listed, it may include such components as two chewing gum, salt, several leaflets of toilet paper, a carton of matches, a plastic spoon and a wet napkin.

1. Peanut butter, bipfstex with mushrooms, dried beef, beans in Western, coffee, crackers, milk dry, lemonade candy or chocolate, sugar and red pepper.
2. Baked apples, pork chops (with noodles), vegetable crackers, soft cheese, sharp sauce, milk cocktail, sugar, coffee and milk dry.
3. Potato sticks, dumplings with beef, wheat bread, soft cheese, chocolate biscuit, sharp sauce, powder lemonade, sugar, coffee and milk powder.
4. Soft cheese, rustic chicken, crackers, noodles with butter, sharp sauce, cookies with jam, cocoa "mokka kappuccino", candy, sugar, coffee and milk dry.
5. Wheat bread, fried chicken breast, chocolate biscuit, goulash, apple cider, tea with lemon and sweetener, jelly, cocoa, candy and spices.
6. Boiled rice, chicken with sauce, raisin-nut mix, soft cheese, sharp sauce, vegetable crackers, milk dry, coffee with fruit aroma, sugar and tea bags.
7. Fig in Mexican, chicken with sharp vegetables, soft cheese, cookies, candy, vegetable crackers, tea with lemon and sweetener and sharp sauce.
8. Soft cheese, pretzels with cheese, barbecue sauce, wheat bread, sharp sauce, lemonade, tea with lemon and sweetener.
9. Beef Gulyash, Vegetable Crackers, Soft Cheese, Spicy Sauce, Milk Cocktail, Chocolate Cookies, Sugar, Coffee and Milk Dry.
10. Soft cheese, pasta with vegetables, vegetable bread, cupcake, red pepper, cocoa, milk powder, coffee, sugar, chocolate or candy.
11. Spaghetti in tomato sauce with vegetables, dried fruits, lollipops, peanut butter, cupcake, tea with lemon and sweetener, crackers, spices and apple cider.
12. Patty with rice and beans, cookies with fruit filling, cupcake, crackers, dried fruits, spicy and sharp sauce, peanut butter, tea with lemon and sweetener.
13. Pelmeni with cheese filling, apple puree, cupcake, peanut butter, lollipops, tea with lemon and sweetener, apple cider, crackers and spices.
14. Cupcake, spaghetti in sauce with vegetables, peanut butter, salted roasted peanuts, crackers, dried fruits, tea with lemon and sweetener, spices and apple cider.
15. Beef in Mexican with vegetables and cheese, mexican rice, lemonade, chocolate chip cookies, vegetable crackers, soft cheese, coffee, sugar, sharp sauce and milk powder.
16. Soft cheese, candy, chicken with noodles, vegetable crackers, raspberry puree, biscuits with figs, sharp sauce, cocoa, sugar, coffee and milk powder.
17. Noodles in Chinese, beef in Japanese, jam, candy, cookies with peanut butter and cheese, sugar, lemonade, wheat bread, milk, dry, coffee, chocolate or candy, red pepper.
18. Turkey breast with filling and potato mashed potatoes, chocolate, pretzels with cheese, crackers, sharp sauce, lemonade, sugar, peanut butter, coffee and milk dry.
19. Boiled wild rice, crackers, jam, cocoa, oatmeal, beef with mushrooms, coffee, sharp sauce, milk and sugar.
20. Crackers with peanut butter, wheat bread, soft cheese, sharp sauce, milk cocktail, lollipops, spaghetti with meat sauce, coffee, sugar and milk powder.
21. Cupcake, sharp sauce, baked chicken with cheese, jelly, crackers, sugar, tea bag, milk cocktail and milk powder.
22. Rice with vegetables, oatmeal cookies in chocolate, sugar, candy, soft cheese, lemonade, wheat bread, coffee, sharp sauce and milk powder.
23. Pretzels, acute sauce, chicken with pasta, peanut butter, cupcake, lemonade, wheat bread, sugar, coffee and milk powder.
24. Potato mashed potatoes, baked beef with filling, jelly, cookies with filling, cocoa, vegetable crackers, sugar, coffee, milk, candy or chocolate, red pepper.

Ukrainian food set

Each country is developing its individual dry bucks for its army. Ukraine produces an IRP, similar to Russian. Such a set is designed for three meals (that is, breakfast, lunch and dinner). It is usually included in its composition of wheat flour, canned meat and vegetable, meat broth concentrate, fish or canned meat, jacket, sugar sand, soluble tea, fruit concentrate, polyvitamin preparation "Hexavit", plastic tablespoon, caramel, Paper and hygienic napkins.

Dry solders for children

According to sanitary and epidemiological requirements, dry ladies for children should include the following foods that do not require special storage conditions:

• non-carbonated mineral water (bottled) - up to 500 ml;
• nectars and juices fruit, as well as natural vegetables - up to 500 ml;
• ready-made vitamined drinks of industrial production - 250 ml;
• non-alcoholic juice drinks - 200 ml;
• solid cheeses in vacuum packaging - 60-100 g;
• fute and unjeamed nuts (cashews, almonds, pistachios, hazelnuts) - 20-50 g;
• dried fruits are washed in vacuum packaging- 50 g;
• dry cookies, crackers, galley, drying or crackers;
• dark or bitter chocolate with a large content of cocoa;
• canned fruits, vegetable and fruit purees - 250 g;
• jam, jam and jam - up to 40 g;
• rye bread, wheat and grain bread;
• vitaminized children's cashematics - 160-200 g;
• dry breakfasts;
• goulash Beef in Tomato Sauce:
• concentrated chicken broth, beef;
• cream dry non-fat;
• vegetable and cereal barrels (canned);
• milk condensed - 30-50 g;
• backet tea, cocoa and coffee drink.

Dry Fewing RKKKA 1940g.

Reference.
According to a book about tasty and healthy food, a man between the ages of 20 and 45 should receive per day:
* Not busy physical labor -2800-3300 kcal.
* Busy easily physical labor -3000-3500 kcal.
* Busy Medium Physical Labor - 3200-3700 kcal.

End of reference.

The term "dry bucks" or how now it is customary called "individual diet" or "combat diet", today it is understood as a set of ready-to-eat products that a soldier can feed in conditions when it cannot be fed by conventional hot food. As a rule, such kits are issued if one soldier or small group fulfill its tasks in the separation from its own part and they do not have the opportunity to eat in a soldier's dining room or in catering enterprises, or to prepare themselves food from ordinary products.

In 1940, a somewhat different meaning was inserted into the concept of dry soldering. The experience of the Soviet-Finnish war is 1939-40. It showed that in combat conditions it is not always possible to deliver troops in a timely manner and in full fresh products (meat, bread, fish, fats, vegetables). There are also certain difficulties in storing products in field conditions, especially perishable.
In winter, products freeze that some of them lead to complete unsuitability. In particular, vegetables. Other products before processing and cooking are necessary to defrost (meat, fats). In the summer, the opposite, from the heat, many products quickly deteriorate (meat, fish, fats).
Meat, fish, meat, vegetables canned food in tin and glass jars in our country at the end of the thirties were made in very small quantities, and to provide them with the army the food industry was unable.

Yes, and very difficult in the field, it is quite quick to cook a full dinner for a large amount of feed. Fresh products require significant preliminary preparation (cleaning, cutting, cutting, sink, etc.), which in turn requires a significant number of support staff (daily kitchen outfit reached the number of 30-40 people per battalion). And if it is quite acceptable in peaceful conditions, even in the field during the exercises, during the war it turned out to be completely unacceptable.

From the author. The experience of civil war, who had the then Soviet major military leaders, did not give them an understanding of how the nutrition of large military compounds in the conditions of war should be organized. Civil was too specific. Then there was no centralized privacy, the shelves of the Red Army were fed from local resources. And simply speaking, very often every fighter, company, squadron ate, which managed to get in place. Often and simple robbery.
However, studying the organization of food troops in the XIX-early XX centuries, the author found out that the usual practice in the European armies was the imposition of passing troops on local residents in the European armies.

It should be noted that the main type of Field kitchens of the Red Army in the thirties was the kitchen of still pre-revolutionary samples slightly modernized.
This is a single field kitchen of the cavalry sample 1898. And two-point infantry-artillery arr.1891g.
These cuisines were designed to ensure the personal composition of the company (200-250 people) with one hot food dish (soup, porridge or crawling), whereas in the Red Army, the personnel of personnel organized on the battalion level and lunch consisted of two dishes plus tea. In the field in peaceful conditions, their positions were out due to the fact that the fighters were harvested shifted, i.e. For each company, it was assigned their time. At the war, the entire battalion, and even the entire regiment should be fed if possible at the same time.

The problem of nutrition in the winter war was so significant that this question along with others was raised at a large meeting of the Central Committee of the CCP (b), held on April 14-17, 1940, where the highest command structure of the Red Army was also invited.

At this meeting, the results of the war were discussed and the emergence of army problems and disadvantages were considered. In particular, it was found that with quite sufficient stocks of products, both in general and in front-line warehouses, the Red Army fell received on time and regularly hot food. And this is especially important in winter. Moreover, in many cases fighters elementary starved, sitting literally on drawers with frozen bread.

Let us give excerpts from the transcript of this meeting. (Khrulev is the head of the RKKKA supply department):

According to the results of the meeting before the Red Army food service, the task was to implement in food practice products that would have a small weight and volume could be stored long enough in any temperature conditions, not to require preliminary preparation and processing, and quickly prepare.

Actually, some such products existed and used by the Russian army since the end of the XIX century. This is, first of all, meat, fish and vegetable canned food. And bread has long been replaced with breadcrumbs. Actually, sausage is also canned meat.

From the author. I mean not modern sausages in which meat is not present at all. In the thirties, the chemical industry, fortunately, did not know how to produce simulators, and the sausage was made from natural meat. True true.

Interesting moment. After analyzing the state of a 1916 sperm company, the author came across such a position - Mass Cattle. Those. The number of march was accompanied by a number of livestock intended for the rota caution. But in the company of the state of 1914, these posts are absent.

Note that Khrulev sought the introduction of concentrates long before this meeting, but the leadership of the RKKK, headed by Marshal K.E.Voroschilov, did not show any interest to this.

In July 1940, as a result of the meeting in the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), a directive document entitled "Food Certificate for the Church of the Red Army", where, along with other issues of nutrition and production, the so-called food is prescribed. "dry soldering".

Interesting moment. This directory was signed to print back in January 1940, but printed and sent to the troops only in July. Khrulev before the war understood that with her beginning the situation with nutrition would necessarily be as follows how it was in reality. But he could not get around the drug addict and turn to Stalin. Did not have right. And Voroshilov did not understand and did not want to understand the importance of nutrition.
Note that Stalin grabbed the essence of the question instantly and understood him correctly and, I would not be afraid of this word, turning around. And someone else dares to argue that Stalin was to do not care about the soldiers and did not worry about the needs of the Red Armyians, that they were for him a low-value consumable material. It is not true!

The reference book approved the following concentrates for the nutrition of personnel:

These concentrates in general were not intended for individual nutrition, although they could be issued, and they were issued to fighters and small units operating autonomously. Nevertheless, they demanded some preparation operations, not simple heating. They were intended for fast food units in field kitchens or in boilers on fires.

In general, this is the difference between dry soldering of 1940 from modern.

Here is an example of the preparation of pea soup from concentrate. The concentrate of this and other soup was produced in tablets weighing 75, or in briquettes weighing 150 and 300 grams. One portion of soup is prepared from a 75-gram pill. Accordingly, two and four portions are from briquettes.
Composition of a tablet (briquette): pea of \u200b\u200bboiled dried 75.5%, wheat flour - 5%, dried carrots - 2%, dried onion - 3%, fat - 10%, salt and ground pepper- 0.5%.

The concentrate is warm up in a suitable dish, fastened with cold water at the rate of 200 ml. Waters (1 cup) for each portion (75 concentrate) and is stirred.
The water is poured into the boiler at the rate of 400 ml. Water (2 glasses) for a portion and is brought to a boil.
In boiling water, the diluted concentrate is poured into boiling water with continuous stirring.
Cook with continuous stirring on low heat for 10-15 minutes. No seasonings or salt add. Remove the fire and distribute to the bowlers. One portion of soup is 600 ml. Note that this soup without meat.

It was recommended for improving taste to add a piece of fish or sausage chopped on small pieces at the beginning of cooking into the boiler. If you prepare one portion of soup in the bowler, then you can immediately boil 600 ml. (3 glasses or two soldier's mugs) water, and a concentrate, pre-thoroughly crushed to pour a thin flowing to the bowler with a thorough stirring so that lumps are not formed.

Each type of concentrate demanded some features of cooking. For example, a buckwheat porridge concentrate was cooked 15-20 minutes and porridge reached ready after 10-15 minutes after removal from the fire.

From the directory it follows that in the Red Army there were the following types of soldering:

* Basic redarmeysky lads.
* Enhanced bucks.
* Dry food packs.
* Pacients for patients in military hospitals and military climbing.
* Dracks for treated in military sanatoriums.
* Dietary lads for red-Armenians suffering from gastrointestinal diseases.

From the author. Please note - in the thirties, the redarmeys with a weak stomach was a special dietary lads. I could not find anything like that in the dating of the euro armies. It is possible that the food of such European soldiers is organized by some other documents, I do not know. However, the fact remains a fact - the Soviet leadership took care of the soldiers' stomachs and the health of the soldiers.

In addition, there were additional nutritional norms for service under special conditions (anti-cutting, polar, diving, guard, etc.) and a festive norm.

Actually, these soldering except dry, existed before. But in the summer of 1940, everyone was ordered to feed on the norms of the main and enhanced rations, every sixth day feed exclusively dry soldering. Once again, we emphasize - not dry soldering in its today's understanding, but breakfast, lunch and dinner, cooked from concentrates.

The goal was pursued triple:
1. Consider dishes from concentrates familiar and familiar to personnel.
2. Food personnel to prepare food from concentrates.
3. It is possible to update the reserves of concentrates in warehouses, since the storage time was 1-2 years.

Do not understand this as the fact that the command intended the Red Army teams to feed only dry solders. This, if you want, there was a backup power option, if for some reason it is not possible to cook dinner from normal products.

The power rates of dry solder were set as follows:

It looks like this dry dye more than modest and poorly. Especially for a single fighter. This is a package of superstars, a rather small slice of sausages, 7 slices of sugar, and two tea bags.
Dry soup tablet and dry porridge briquettes and do not want. Not always the soldier has time and the opportunity to divorce the fire and cook the soup and porridge.
Well, the whole country in those days lived not satisfying. The old men remember how they dreamed as soon as possible to be in the soldiers' rank. Still - good food and even with meat, soft bed, whole clean clothing and real leather boots.

We will note again - this dry lady first was intended for cooking in field kitchens onto all division, but was also adapted for individual cooking in the bowler using a fire or stove (plate).

By calories, he was somewhat inferior to the usual Krasnoarmeysky soldering 3710 kkak. Yes, and the above rule was intended for peaceful, not for wartime.
Also, the products that are currently absent in the warehouse can be replaced by others. To do this, the reference table is given a replacement table. For example, the crackers were replaced by gallets, the sausage could be replaced by canned meat, bass, eggs. Of course, in the amount of not one to one. For example, the Minsk sausage could be replaced by the meat of the fresh at the rate instead of 100 grams of sausage 134 grams of meat or 2 eggs, or half-liter milk. Sugar on a raisin of double quantity or honey in one-hour quantity. Etc.

Let's see what the dry bucks looked in its composition:

Subjectively fighter per day when it feeds on a dry solder - hungry. After all, the feeling of satiety in us arises from the fullness of the stomach. And dry buckles (about 1 kg.) By weight, half the weight (approximately 2.3 kg.). But he gets his own calories despite the fact that transportation, brought products, is twice as smaller.

Please pay attention to this moment - the content of protein in food. For the normal functioning of the body, a person should receive 1 gram of a protein per 1 kilogram of its weight. If the diet makes it so that it will not be enough protein in it, then the body will begin to devour himself slowly. And no amount of calories will save from exhaustion. And the rations of the power of prisoners in Germany were made up so that the protein was there at least or it would not be.

To what extent is the order to feed the dry solder in the Red Army, failed to track. After all, much depended not only from good wishes and feasibility. But from the possibilities of the food industry. In any case, where there are references to those in the memoirs that concentrates were sometimes issued as components of dry swabs. In particular, the pea soup, Porlov Kashi.

There were concentrates in the Wehrmacht, I did not find documents to this expense. In the Kaiser Army, before the First World War, for cases when it is impossible to feed the soldiers of hot food, the so-called existed. Pea sausage, which was ready-to-use product.
The Soviet press of the time of war and the fifties wrote a lot about the German "Erzats-Kolbas", consisting of allegedly from God all the rubbish, and which mol needed to cut with a hacksaw. But most likely it was just a dry meat sausage, which is perfectly stored. Although it is really very difficult. It is very hard. About this mentions in his memoirs Field Marshal E.Fon Manstein.

From the author. The polar explorers and climbers even in those times widely used a very calorie and extremely compact product called "Peummican". It is dried and flew in meat powder. Why Pummicks did not find a place in Krasnoarmey dry, it's hard to say. I happened to try this product and I came to the conclusion that there is this productor to use for cooking can a person in front of whom the choice is worth - to die from hunger or there is pemmicic. To say that his taste is terrible, it means that nothing.

P.S. The idea of \u200b\u200bconcentrates was very lively and not only in the army. Also in the sixties and seventies in the Soviet Union, a variety of various types of briquetted soups, porridges and kissels were produced, which used great success from the owners. For example, a pea soup, porridge rice in briquettes, was not inferior to the taste prepared from ordinary products, but they prepared four times faster. Buckwheat porridge was a deficit.
The popularity of briquetted Kiseli was such that the eightieth years of the woman were at all forced to prepare kisels not from briquettes. Something where in stores you can meet today.

Sources and literature

1. Frame for the food service for the superior composition of the Red Army. Militzdat.1940.
2 book about tasty and healthy food. Sixth edition. Food industry. Moscow. 1976
3. Secrets and lessons of the winter war 1939-1940. Polygon. St. Petersburg. 2002
4. E.Fon Manstein. Lost victories. AST. Phoenix. Moscow. Rostov-on-Don.1999

Since ancient times, when moving troops, the soldiers followed conversations with food products, weapons with uniforms, etc. Sometimes the travel was more troops, and luck was to repeal the conversation of the enemy. Always before the command, the question was about how to feed the army. For example, during the days of the Azov campaigns of Peter I, sanitary losses reached 50%. Due to poor feeding and poor-quality water, diphtheria epidemics and other dangerous diseases, mowing soldiers better than bullets enemy. Therefore, the nutrition of the fighters was paid to increased attention.

History of creation of dry soldering (IRP)

Issuance of nutrition soldiers in the campaign, especially when it is impossible for one or another reasons to cook hot food, goes back to very ancient times. Take even cutlery. The Russian Druzhinnik always had a spoon for the boot and could have been a porridge on the privala. Chinese warrior, on the contrary, did not go to boots. But bamboo grew well and quickly. Therefore, Chinese could always cut two sticks from the nearest bamboo and eat their portion of food. In ancient Rome, the soldier was issued about 800-1000 grams of cereals on the day he could cook and eat on the privala. Mongolian nomads cut raw meat and put under the saddle of their horse, the meat was argued from the horse sweat and then did not deteriorate for a long time.

A strong push of the drum in the army obtained after the invention of canning meat, i.e. The ancestors of modern canned food. Already in 1810, the British fleet began to move from Solonin, which was taken to the ship, at a very advanced on the time of the stew.

Standardization of dry solders began with the Anglo-Board War of the beginning of the XX century. Many new trends were on that war. Top, snipers and even concentration camps are all the inventions of war. The invention was dry (dry paja). In the Russian Imperial, and then in the Red Army, this issue was constantly under the control of the highest command bodies. Thus, the standard of dry soldering of Krasnoarmeys was adopted shortly before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

With the beginning of war, the requirements for dry soldering were revised, but no matter how strange it did not sound, the provision of food in the Red Army was better than in the Wehrmacht. The only "but" drum in the Red Army was often issued by concentrates that had to be prepared on fire, at the same time it provided the durability of food storage. The author personally tried in 1943 pea porridge: porridge was completely preserved and did not deteriorate anything for 60 years, in contrast to the same IRP of the Russian army, which at the age of 10th finished finally and was disassembered with contempt. It is impossible not to mention a rather interesting fact: the pilots during the war were not given rye bread, but only wheat. It was caused by the fact that rye bread can cause meteorism, and at high height in conditions of reduced pressure of the flying kiska could break.

In the future, the samples, the recipe and packaging of individual nutritional diet has been improved and led to the species that we see now.

Main appointment

Purpose of dry soldering (individual diet) - providing food in conditions when there is no possibility for cooking hot food for all division or group of people. Dry bucks are issued for one meal or for the whole day (each country belongs to this topic in different ways). Also, the paja is issued for one fighter or may be issued for separation.

Requirements for Supaika

The following requirements are presented to dry soldering:

1. Durability of storage;
2. Ease of cooking / warming up food;
3. Hypoallergenicity of food;
4. Protection against the external environment. Basic protection and increase in storage period - product sterilization. The author somehow got a paja, in which one of the items was made with a marriage - the upper cover lay down with distortion, and the product was open. While Paja was in the package, the marriage was not visible. Because items are packaged hermetically, there was no smell. But as soon as the package was opened, a disgusting stench went. Most of the soldering I had to bury, goodcomers shared food;
5. The pieces should be arranged in such a way that it is enough for saturation to the declared time with the stated loads. For example, Marine Pro sea paja is designed for a day per person, at the same time made specifically for use in the sea and represents three tiles per person per day.

It is possible that dry ducks are not so delicious as freshly prepared houses of food, but the main task is to maintain the forces of a person in certain extreme conditions - it performs.

Pros and cons

Pluses of dry solders are visible to the naked eye. They are comfortable, sterile, designed for use in the field. Let him say one of the Army acquaintances of the author, "in the field everything is sterile, everything is edible in the field," but the hygiene factor can not be discounted anyway.

The minuses of soldering are also well known: this is in any case the food cooked once, the taste is very different from the taste of freshly prepared food. Soldering monotonous and constantly feed them will not be.

Varieties of dry swabs

Dry solders correspond to different criteria. There are solders, designed for a day per person, there are solders for one reception of food, there are issued to the division.

Daily

The concept of the Russian army implies the issuance and use of dry soldering intended for daily use. However, the author on his own experience can say that the standard IRP-P (everyday) can calmly stretch on three days without much effort.

Individual

In other countries, a different approach is used, namely: Dracks designed for one-time meal. For example, in the USA in power structures, packs called MRE (MEAL READY-TO EAT) are supplied, that is, food ready to use. One packing solder is designed for a single reception (breakfast, lunch and dinner are three packages, and not one, as in Russia). For example, "Single Use Only" is clearly visible on the attached photography of the American combat diet, i.e. "" for one-time application.

"Civilian" soldering

You can also allocate in a separate category the so-called civil solders. For example, in Russia in grocery stores for sale a lot of cooked food according to the sample of dry swings. Such food is hermetically packaged, sterilized and has long storage time.

You can also recall specific diet, for example, for special processing (prisoners).

Main formulations of dry solders

The basis of individual diet of nutrition is canned meat, meat and vegetable. Also, the IRP includes tea, coffee, milk powder, and in some versions sugar, salt, pepper. The Russian soldering includes gallets, and, for example, Belorussky - dry loaves.

It is necessarily part of Russian soldering tools (matches, dry fuel and taganok), hygiene (napkins, chewing gum) and for water disinfection (type "Aquatabs" and similar). It is possible to drink water disgraced with these tablets, verified personally.

The soldering does not include fast food, as well as products that can cause allergic or other painful reactions, alcohol.

Dry solders of different countries

Each country produces dry ducks according to the habits of nutrition of their soldiers. For example, Chinese or Korean IRPs are made up of rice or noodles of fast preparation, heating of food occurs with a fluid chemical method. One set is designed for one meal.

The soldering for the army of the Republic of Belarus includes canned foods sold in ordinary stores: they are not specifically produced, and soldering are equipped with "civilian" products. However, even President of Belarus Alexander Grigorievich Lukashenko does not happen to personally try the Belarusian dry paja.

In the dry soldering of European countries, such a food is often amongmed, which in Russia would be recognized by a delicacy. For example, in Spain, a tuna and canned fruit are offered.

Summing up can be said that dry paja is the very correct and necessary invention, which helps people in the conditions of hostilities, in extreme and dangerous situations. I believe that one or two IRPs must lie in the apartment from everyone as an inviolable stock. Just in case.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments under the article. We or our visitors will gladly respond to them

Today, the individual diet has progressed an option 6, intended for deliveries to the Russian Ministry of Defense for the Russian Federation in 2012. If you remember, I already last year already about one of the dry solders (IRP 7), so I will compare with him in some places. Manufacturer Skaika - OJSC "Litzinsky Food Combine" (Lipetsk region). If the previous weighed 1.75 kilogram, then a new one - 2.1 kg. If in the number of kilograms the new pieces overtakes the old one, then in terms of expiration time, the opposite is: old - 1 year 10 months, new - 11 months. Food value also has differences. Proteins: Old - 115 g, new - 131.4 g; Fats: Old - 147 g, new - 256.2 g; Carbohydrates: Old - 383 g, new - 376.7. Energy value: Old - 3395 kcal, new - 4253.2 kcal. But not everything is measured only with dry numbers, about the lower and the conversation will go. For a scale almost every photo, applied boxes of ordinary matches. The handle is broken not because I was impatiently pounced on it, breaking to eat the paks, and with simple carrying after a couple of tens of meters. A similar problem was with a handle on the old soldering. Lord manufacturers, correct, huh? The box from the inside is covered with foil and short-term, under the rain, the content does not hurt, but I do not recommend dipping it into the water: it takes on the seam at the bottom
Inside the cardboard box, in which products are laid.
Instructions for use.

For breakfast, according to the instructions, it is proposed to use: - Bread army from wheat flour 1 variety (on the photo the lowest package and the one that right).
Machine sausage special (in the photo - right).
Buckwheat porridge with beef.
Fruit and berry concentrate. There are only three of them, you can choose anyone.
Chocolate bitter. With the ideological treatment of a fighter represented by Suvorovsky.

Jumped fruit.

Coffee, cream.

Cream is sealed, so the enemy will not see.
Sugar. For some reason in two different packages.
Multivitamin.
Before eating hands can be wiped with a wet cloth. There are only three of them.
Cutlery according to the instructions should be represented by one knife and 3 spoons, but the knife leaked to the kit. There are also 3 paper napkins.
Taganok for heating was here in such a paper package.

In the new version, the tablet soldering is not packaged separately.
After use, it is supposed to add Taganan back to this package. From the inside it is covered with a film, so there should be no moisture in the accident. Matches. Here is a more thought-out packaging for matches than in the previous soldering: it is easier to remove and do not break, which side do not squeeze.
But the soft Cherkash did not want to buy a packaging paper, I had to cut it with a knife. I offer manufacturers from Cherkash to provide a speaker on paper on paper so that it can be pulled by pulling out.
Surprisingly in the soldering was not the opening of the cans, so I had to wake a prudently captured knife. How much I remember your field exits, in 90% of cases, banks opened exactly the attached bundle. I do not know why for breakfast it is recommended to use a knife: porridge for more uniform heating was quite "chopped" with a spoon.
The new Taganka windproofs are shorter than the old one, so the dry fuel tablet on the edge is not set in it (the bottom of the bank rests into it), it is possible to use only in a lying position. This is more correct, because The higher the windmills, the greater the distance between the fire and the can, which means more heat goes into the atmosphere. The wind was not, so fuel without any problems was selected from one match.
Now about taste sensations. Although it is written that buckwheat porridge with beef is actually the meat find hard. The taste is rather like ordinary buckwheat without anything. I do not agree to this, in previous versions, the meat was clearly felt! The impressions of the sausage stuffing, garlic and pepper of which attached some sharpness of food and helped absorb the unplanned porridge. Breads standard, do not change for a long time, there are no questions for them. Chocolate is good, no questions (foil casts mute, so the appearance of such).
Pooked the same as before. Normal. Fruit and berry concentrate with the taste of strawberries, rosehip and blueberries - good.
I am indifferent to coffee with cream, but there are no complaints about it. Good. After meals, really pleased the presence of chewing gum in soldering.
Go to a more sad part of the feast: dinner. At lunch according to the instructions, it is proposed to eat: Bread army from the flour of the wallpaper (2 first packages in the photo).
Beef meatballs.
Fish dried-dried.
Stew from vegetables.
Fruit and berry concentrate.
Tea, sugar (tea is represented by standard packaged "May").
This meatballs still in a pretended form (fat is not melted). I will not say that I am delighted with this dish, but also bad will not call. Something average.
Vegetable stew turned out to be with the Bulgarian pepper, which I did not carry, so I did not like it. But the wife ate with pleasure.
Why are you needed 4 pieces of dried Mixed in a dry soldering - for me a mystery. At the landfill or somewhere under the Achky-Martan in the mountains with beer, obvious problems, so? No, the officer in the rear, of course, will be pleased, but the soldier is still more. If you accidentally press the bank with stew, then with the subsequent autopsy, the parts of the liquid sauce will lose their risk, which inevitably, according to the laws of physics, rushes outward. Easy to the bank, or something. Dinner. It is the most solid: - Wheat-made bread loafs from the flour - salty canned waste
Loading pate (in the photo on the left).
Meat with beans and vegetables.
Fruit-berry concentrate
The cheese is melted sterilized (the same as in the old soldering).
"Approved by astronauts."
Puree from apples.
Tea, sugar. Meat with beans and vegetables for verification turned out to be mainly one beans. I found only two noticeable pieces of meat. I do not like such dishes, so only a few more spoons for the sample ate through force.
The spiche turned out to be a gentle lady. Not an amateur of this product, but I know for sure that in the field it goes with a bang. I put a plus.
Hepatic pate - ordinary liver pate. Normal. Melted cheese - norm.
Puree from apples is a delicious product, rose with pleasure. Of the three dry beverages most liked the fact that the taste of Cherry. The remaining two are also good. To disinfect water, you can apply Aquabrycis Tablets.
Now general impressions. The friendly choir of critics who demanded the same diversity in soldering, as in American, made his black case: the meat took not even on the second, but on the third role, instead of him the ball right a vegetable. Kashi also go to the shadow. No, with hunger, I will eat, and the beans will destroy, but without any pleasure. Of these personal addictions, I put minus a small number of meat (where is the stew?), Cashie and bean dominance. In the plus fruit concentrates, puree of apples, chocolate, chewing gum, spic. The number of paper napkins suggests double. And the knife can be wiped out, and the hands on which the sauce will splash out of the jar and lips.

The combat capability of any army depends not only on its weapons, competence of the military command or the moral qualities of its ordinary fighters, but also from the supply of servicemen. The main of which, no doubt, is the provision of military personnel. Because it will not be very hard to eat on the hungry stomach. From the oldest times, the commander paid great attention to this issue.

Best of all, of course, feed the soldiers of hot food cooked in the field kitchen. But unfortunately, sometimes it is impossible to do it. It is in this case that in the army there are individual nutritional diet (IRP) or, speaking more familiar tongue, dry pieces (dry). Army dry bucks is a set of products that is issued to a military personnel for independent nutrition in the field.

Currently, drunks use all the world's armed forces. Moreover, in many countries they are located in a free sale and are very popular with hunters, fishermen, geologists, tourists - in a word, in those categories of citizens who have forced to be away from cafes and microwave. Dry bucks of the Russian army is no exception - you can easily buy it on the Internet.

When developing a new trunk (IRP), as a rule, national culinary traditions are taken into account - in Ukrainian dry soldering you will definitely find borsch, and in French - meat pate.

The IRP can be designed to feed the fighter for one day or several days, and there are dry solders that contain products only for one meal.

You can also add that according to domestic standards, the soldier should not be powered by a dry solder more than seven days in a row. After this period, it must be translated into a normal hot meal.

Before proceeding to the description of the Russian dry solder, I would like to say a few words about the general principles of the IRP configuration and the requirements for army drums.

What are the requirements of dry bucks

Modern armies pay a person's nutrition of solely much attention: serious scientific institutions or major commercial organizations are engaged in the development of dry swabs. New rations are taken to supply only after carrying out full-fledged large-scale tests.

Suques are food for field, sometimes even extreme conditions. Therefore, its composition is calculated to the smallest detail. The IRP must fully cover the energy costs of the human body. For each specific situation, they are calculated separately, based on what is preparing a complete set of one or another dry solder. For example, dry for special forces or pilots contains more calories than ordinary infantry. In addition, any dry bucks are almost perfectly balanced by the content of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, many of them additionally put vitamins. So, dry missiles (IRP) must comply with the following requirements:

• Dry soldering products must be ready for use or can be easily prepared in the field;
• Dry bucks should be kept for a long time, therefore it has no place for perishable products: untreated meats, fruits or vegetables, mayonnaise, etc.;
• Products included in the IRP should be easily absorbed by the body and do not cause food disorders or allergies even in people predisposed to this;
• The IRP packaging should be durable and convenient, reliably protect its contents not only from dirt, water or mechanical damage, but also provide him with a long shelf life. In addition, it should be convenient for carrying and receiving food servicemen;
• The food composition and the energy value of dry soldering should be balanced and correspond to the loads that the fighter is experiencing in a particular situation;
• Dry bucks should be delicious. Unfortunately, in the Russian army, only in recent years began to pay attention to this requirement.

The usual composition of dry soldering and that it should not be included in it

Based on the above requirements, there is a list of products that are most often completed with dry solders of different armies of the world. Usually they include:

• A variety of canned food: stew, cereal with meat, stew, condensed milk;
• Dried or sublimated products: powdered milk, soups and worshipers, instant coffee, etc.;
• Crackers, galley, crackers;
• Food additives (sugar, salt, spices) and vitamins.

The IRP also includes food drying devices, napkins, disposable dishes, water disinfection, special matches, toothpicks, chewing gum. To warm up the food in the field, the burners of the simplest design and dry fuel are used. The staff of American drums, for example, includes special chemical heating, with the help of which products are heated. Although, most of the products included in the IRP can be eaten and cold, but they will be less tasty and useful.

Previously, cigarettes and condoms also included cigarettes and condoms, but they have long refused from such practices.

Now a few words about what in a dry soldering cannot be by definition:

• Fresh vegetables or fruits;
• Products whose storage requires special conditions: temperature, humidity, etc.;
• Confectionery with significant cocoa content or with cream filler;
• Any food, which includes a large number of spices, food salt, culinary fat or natural coffee.

A little about the history of the issue

The issue of food army in the campaign from ancient times was the most serious "headache" for military leaders. What to feed a crowded crowd of healthy men far from permanent deployment points?

In different historical periods, numerous attempts have been made to create light and nutritional food, which could be taken with them. Mongols and other steppes thinly cut meat and put it under the saddle on the back of the horse. There it was impregnated with a horsepower later, after which he was stored for a very long time. Also, nomadic nations steppes were obtained from ground bones and meat an analogue of modern broth cubes, of which then you could cook soup or soup. Peoples of Central America made nutritious balls from cocoa. However, all the above products were suitable except for "snack", to ensure full-fledged nutrition to a healthy man they could hardly.

A real coup in ensuring the army of food occurred at the end of the XVIII century, when the Frenchman was invented by canning. At the beginning of the XIX century, the sailors of the British Royal Fleet began to supply canned food in tin cans covered with tin. It can be said that it was the first in the history of sea dry. The soldiers of the Anglo-French troops during the Crimean war also received canned meat in tin cans.

The army we owe the emergence of another useful and tasty product - condensed milk. The technology of its manufacture invented in 1856 the American Gail Borden. However, the mass production of condensed milk, he was able to run only after the beginning of the US civil war - this product was purchased in huge quantities to supply the Army of Northerners. In Russia, the first plant for the production of condensed milk was opened in 1880.

The first dry soldering, in our understanding of this word, appeared during the Franco-Prussian war. To increase the mobility of your own troops, Prussians began to give them soup concentrates. Now every soldier could wear a power supply for a few days right in his ranks. This significantly reduced the need for tactical link units as such.

The manufacture of a new revolutionary product was engaged in the company Knorr, which is also famous for their soups of fast preparation. For this company, the Franco-Prussian War became a real "star hour".

The generals of other countries drew into the German innovation, and by the end of the XIX century, almost all major armies of the world had their own dry soldering. They consisted of a standardized set of products with certain nutritional properties and energy value. That is, the approach to the drums of that time has not been almost different from the modern ...

At the end of the XIX century, German interns invented the so-called pea sausages - Erbswurst, which were a pack of several pea tablets of pea concentrate. Each of them could be dissolved in boiling water and get delicious and nutritious soup. Erbswurst was part of the diet of the German soldier of both world wars.

During World War I, there were three IRP standards:

• Day. Contained a set of products that could feed the fighter for one day;
• Stored. It was intended for the nutrition of a soldier or officer for two to three days after the separation of the mainstream;
• "Iron". Consisted of various canned food (hence the name) and could be stored for a long time. The soldier had the right to print it only after the appropriate order, in an emergency. Usually she occurred when the first two diet was already exhausted, and it is impossible to provide products.

In the Russian army there was a dry officer and soldier dry laces.

In Russia, the first canning plant, which produces stew, was built in 1870. By the beginning of World War I, in his range there were already five types of canned meat, and they were very popular in the troops. In 1966, a stew bank was opened, manufactured in 1916. For fifty years, the product has not spoiled and was quite suitable for use. Back in 1897, in Russia, a method for quick warm-up of this product was invented by mixing the negated lime and water. He also found his application at the front.

The first dry bucks of the Red Army received only on the most eve of the war, in the spring of 1941. The reason for this innovation was the sad experience of the winter war, which showed that it is not always possible to establish the supply of troops with full nutrition in a combat atmosphere. Moreover, the problem was so acute and obvious that it was concerned about at the very top - at the level of the General Staff and the Central Committee. Before the supply service, a task was set as soon as possible to create a new product kit for the army. He had to have a small weight and volume, long stored, not to require complicated preparation and processing.

The first Soviet IRP was officially adopted on May 15, 1941. The basis of it was a variety of concentrates, to prepare which could simply bay them boiling water. They were calculated, rather, on group nutrition of soldiers, and most often they were issued for small units. Although, of course, one fighter could make porridge from the concentrate. Also, new daily general rules for feeding dry soldering were also approved, which, in addition to concentrate, included rye crackers, canned food or sausage, fish and cheese. Well, of course, tea and sugar.

After the war, dry lads in the Soviet army mainly consisted of various canned food. There were several types of solders, each of them was intended for soldiers in a particular combat situation. There was, for example, a mountain IRP, which was considered very "fat", as it contained chocolate and spiche. Drying for infantry was much more modest. It included two banks of "meat-arrangement" canned, stew bank, galley or crushing, tea and sugar. With a group packaging at that time, no one was "bored", at best, it was a cardboard box, but more often the fighter received its products "ROSSIP". However, despite the unassuming, the exhaustion of the Soviet motorist was not threatened - the nutritional value of the Soviet Suppayika was 3350 kcal. In 1990, concentric milk and canned juice were officially added in dry lads.

It should be noted that other countries, completing their IRP canned, were also seen by the similar path of development. The revolution in this area was performed by Americans in the late 70s. After analyzing the experience of the Vietnam War, they formulated new requirements for the individual diet of the fighter acting in the separation from the main forces. So the most famous dry duck in the world - MRE (MEAL, READY-TO-EAT - "Food, ready-to-use") appeared.

Its main difference from the IRP of other armies of the world has become a complete refusal of metal cans, which were replaced by soft plastic. MRE was divided into packaging, each of which was intended for one meal. It has necessarily a chemical penetrated heater, very comfortable for heating dishes. At the moment there are several dozen options for individual diets of MRE, also on the supply of the US Army there are other types of rations, including humanitarian. Today, the American Army Dry Sacks is the most successful in the plan of commercial implementation, it is also available in the civilian version.

Dry solders of the modern Russian army

In the mid-1990s, the rear service of the Russian army engaged in the development of a new dry soldering, as the old Soviet IRP not only did not correspond to the spirit of the times, but just looked like a mockery against the background of Western rations, the business flashes on the TV screen.

The result of these works was the creation of a "individual diet", which had two main varieties - field (IRP-P) and combat (IRP-B). The composition of these dry swabs was officially regulated by the order of the head of the military department of July 24, 2000.

Completion of the Russian IRP is built on the European (Soviet) principle, that is, one pieces contains the number of products that is enough to supply one fighter during the day. Calorie IRP-B is 3590 kcal, and IRP-P - 3360 kcal.

"Individual diet", of course, was a huge step forward compared to the Soviet dry soldering. The latter he was superior in all respects: convenience of packaging, assortment of products, taste. In the new IRP, fish canned food, dried fruits, soluble coffee, jams, sausages, cream cheese and much more. Both diet had many options for the menu, so they were not bored with soldiers. Also as part of each package there were burners for heating, dry fuel, napkins, dishes, matches. Each IRP was divided into three compartments: breakfast, lunch and dinner. In 2014, on the initiative of Shoigu, the design of the Russian Supaiyk was changed, a single form of packaging was introduced for all IRP.

In addition to the most common IRP-P and IRP-B, on the supply of the Russian army there are other types of such nutrition, which are intended for use in special situations. There are more agricultural dryer for scouts and parts of special purposes. There are nutrition sets for crews of helicopters and airplanes that endure disaster. There is an emergency dry paca for sailors. Special diet for divers, military personnel, dealing with poisonous and radioactive substances, for pilots located on spare airfields. Also there are dry solders of the FSB and special "mountain" diet.

Dry solders of the American army

As mentioned above, the most famous and popular drum in the world is American MRE. In addition to good taste characteristics and packaging convenience, it, like much more, associated with the American army, is pretty "pickled" thanks to Hollywood. This dry ladding is packed in sandy plastic bags. Each of them is designed for one meal, the energy value of the products of one packaging is 1300 kcal.

The package shows the main dish of the menu and its number. In total, there are 24 options for the diet, new dishes are constantly added to them. So, for example, in 2013, pizza was included in the MRE. American dry, unlike Russian, contains confectionery. It can be found cupcakes, cookies, biscuits, candy.

Each box with MRE solders has an interesting "progulin" - a "smart" sticker, according to which one can judge the degree of suitability of products. This is a black circle in a red square. While the center of the circle is also red, dry soldering can be bolder to eat. His darkening shows that the IRP in the box was unusable.

Due to the wide geography of the Action of the United States and the ubiquitous political correctness, the Americans had to develop kosher, freebies and vegetarian variants of the MRE menu.

The diet of MRE is the most famous of the dry solders of the American army, but besides him, there are other IRPs intended for use in special conditions:

• FIRST STRIKE RATION (FSR). Supports designed for servicemen of the shock units that perform tasks in the separation from the main forces in conditions of increased physical exertion. FSR has a smaller weight and sizes, designed for 72 hours. The approach to the configuration of this soldering is somewhat different: FSR is a paca that is convenient to eat right on the go. It has energy drinks and high-calorie bars;
• LONG RANGE PATROL (LRP). This dry label is designed for military personnel who perform combat missions in the detachment of the main forces for a long time. The main dish that is included in its composition is in a dried form. This dry tube is mainly used by marines and special forces;
• MEAL COLD WEATHER (MCW). IRP designed to power the fighters in the cold climate conditions (Arctic zone). It is distinguished by high calorie and consists not from one, but from two packages. The main MCW dish is frozen. Calorie - 1540 kcal.

In addition to the above-mentioned species of army drum, Americans have the so-called humanitarian IRP - HDR (Humanitarian Daily Ration). It is intended for people in disaster zone. It does not contain animal products at all, therefore it is also suitable for Muslims, Jews or Vegetarians. The information on the package is given as simple as possible, mainly in the form of schemes and drawings, so that even illiterate (or very wild) could use this dry soldering.

Dry solders of other world armies

Dry solders of European armies are equipped through another principle than American. One set of ILP contains products needed to power the fighter for one day. So, for example, the composition of the French RCIR, which has 14 menu options and consists of ordinary "commercial" products. Tried this drums call it one of the most delicious IRPs. It has pages from venison and salmon, cream pudding, Creole Pork, Muesli and Caramel.

The German EPA also contains a daily set of products, but all of them are made specifically for the armed forces. In it you can find liver sausages, goulash with potatoes, biscuits, juices in the form of powder.

Italian dry, in addition to a set of products, contains 50 ml of forty-portus alcohol. Polish IRP contains packages designed for two meals.

Ukrainian dry lads (2017) is a real hybrid between the European and American system of the IRP configuration. It is packaged on soft plastic packages (like MRE), each of which is designed for one meal (breakfast, lunch or dinner). But there is also a group packaging into which the daily diet of the fighter is stacked. Ukrainian dry bags have good taste, but at the same time there is no special chemical heating for heating food.