Fun chemistry experiences will prepare children to learn chemistry at school. Most of the experiments conducted at home are not dangerous, educational, effective. Some experiments are provided with a written description that will help explain to the child the essence of the processes taking place and awaken interest in chemical science.

When conducting chemical experiments at home, the following safety rules must be observed:

Simple experiments for the little ones

Chemistry experiments for young children carried out at home do not require any special substances.

Colored bubbles

For one such experiment you will need:

• fruit juice;
• sunflower oil;
• 2 effervescent tablets;
• decorative transparent container.

Experience stages:

You can create bubbles with a more durable shell yourself by mixing water and dishwashing detergent in a combination 2: 1 + a little granulated sugar. If glycerin is added instead of sugar, the bubbles become very large. Adding food coloring to the soapy solution will produce colored glowing bubbles.

Night light

At home, using simple substances, you can make a night light. This will require:

• a tomato;
• syringe;
• sulfur heads from matches;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• bleach.

Sequencing:

1. Sulfur is placed in a bowl, poured with bleach, insisted for a while.
2. Pour the mixture into a syringe, chop the tomato from all sides.
3. To start a chemical reaction, you must introduce hydrogen peroxide. This is also done with a syringe in the place where the petiole was.
4. When in a dark room, the tomato will emit a soft light.

Caution! There is no longer such a tomato.

Sizzling balls

You can make sizzling balls for baby bathing yourself.

During work, hands must be protected with gloves.

Sequencing:

Floating worms

For the next experiment you will need:

• 3 jelly worm candies without sugar sprinkling;
• soda;
• acetic acid;
• water;
• glass glasses.

Stages of work:

1. The first glass is half filled with acetic acid.
2. Pour warm water into the second glass and dilute 60 g of soda.
3. Put candies in the solution, leave for 15 minutes.
4. Remove the candies from the baking soda solution and place them in a glass of essence.
5. The surface of the candies will immediately be covered with bubbles, they will continuously rise to the surface and sink to the bottom of the glass. This is because the baking soda first fills the pores of the candy, then reacts with the vinegar to release carbon dioxide, which pushes the candy up.
6. When in contact with air, the bubbles burst, the candy sinks to the bottom and again becomes covered with bubbles and rises.

Experiments for Older Children

Chemistry experiments for children at home can be more challenging and interesting.

Volcano

So, any student will be able to simulate a volcanic eruption at home:

Colored foam

For the experience in creating colored foam you will need:

Sequencing:

1. The glasses are placed on a tray, half filled with soda, and dyes are added.
2. Mix vinegar with detergent, pour into glasses.
3. Colored foam will come out of each glass. You can pour the vinegar mixture into glasses several times until all the soda comes out.

Malachite egg

The experiment on dyeing a chicken egg in the color of malachite is lengthy, but interesting:

1. To do this, the contents are removed from the egg: 2 holes are made and blown out.
2. For weight, a little plasticine is placed in an empty egg.
3. A spoonful of copper sulfate is dissolved in 0.5 liters of water (it can be purchased at a hardware store).
4. The egg is immersed in the solution, the shell must be completely immersed in the solution.
5. Gas bubbles will appear after a few days.
6. After a week, the shell will acquire a light blue-green color.
7. A month later, the color of the shell will become saturated with malachite.

Fireworks

Making fireworks with your own hands:

1. Magnesium chips are crushed very strongly.
2. The sulfur heads of the matches are separated from the tree. You will need 2-3 box of matches. Crushed magnesium is mixed with sulfur powder.
3. Take a metal tube and seal one of the holes tightly with plaster.
4. Pour a mixture of magnesium and sulfur into the tube. The mixture should not occupy more than half the tube.
5. The tube is wrapped with foil several times. A wick is inserted into the free hole.
6. These fireworks can only be detonated in uninhabited places.

Coloring the water blue

To dye a colorless liquid blue you need:

• alcohol solution of iodine;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• vitamin C tablet;
• starch;
• glasses from glass.

Performing the experiment step by step:

1. A vitamin C tablet is ground into powder and dissolved in 55 ml of warm water.
2. Pour into a glass 5 ml of the resulting solution, add 5 ml of iodine and 55 ml of heated water. Iodine should be discolored.
3. Separately mix 18 ml of hydrogen peroxide, 5 g of starch, 55 ml of water.
4. The iodine solution is poured into the starch solution back and forth several times.
5. The colorless liquid will turn dark blue. Iodine loses color when it reacts with vitamin C. Starch turns blue when mixed with iodine.

Simple experiments on the properties of metals

Chemical experiments for children at home can be carried out with metals.

For simple experiments you will need:

• fire;
• pieces of various metals;
• foil;
• copper sulfate;
• ammonia;
• acid.

For the experiment with copper wire, a small piece of metal is twisted into a spiral and heated strongly over the fire. Then immediately dipped into a container with ammonia. The reaction will take place instantly: the metal will begin to hiss, and the black coating formed when exposed to fire will come off. The copper wire will shine again. It is better to do the experiment several times, then the color of the ammonia will turn blue.

For the next experiment, you will need solid iodine, crushed aluminum, warm water. Iodine is mixed with aluminum in equal proportions. Water is added to the mixture. The powder begins to burn, giving off purple smoke.

Another experiment will involve:

• chrome-plated paper clip;
• galvanized steel nail;
• pure steel screw;
• acetic acid;
• 3 test tubes.

Experience stages:

1. Metal objects are placed in test tubes, filled with acid, and left for observation. On the first days, hydrogen evolution is observed.
2. On the 4th day, the acid in the tubes with coated metal objects starts to turn red. In a test tube with a steel screw, the acid turns orange and a precipitate appears.
3. After 2 weeks in a test tube with a paper clip, the acid turns red, but only in the upper layers. Where the paper clip is, the acid is colorless. After removing the paper clip, you can see that its appearance has not changed.
4. The acid in a test tube with a nail is colored with a smooth transition from red to pale yellow. The nail hasn't changed.
5. In the third test tube, a layer color of the liquid and sediment are also observed. The screw turned black, the upper metal microlayers collapsed.

Conclusion: unprotected iron is susceptible to corrosion.

For the next experiment, you need to prepare a blue solution of copper sulfate (dissolve several crystals in water, stir). Put non-rusty nails in a test tube, pour the solution. After a while, the solution will turn green, and the nails have acquired the color of copper. This happened because the iron displaced copper from the liquid, the displaced copper settled on metal objects.

To carry out the experiment "Hydrogen Glove" you will need:

Sequencing:

1. Saline solution and copper sulfate solution are simultaneously poured into the flask. When mixed, an aqua liquid is obtained.
2. Make a lump of foil and place it in the hole of the flask. Hydrogen begins to evolve immediately.
3. Put on a rubber glove on the neck, gas instantly fills it.
4. On contact with fire, the glove bursts, the gas ignites. The liquid in the vessel gradually takes on a dirty gray tint.

The most spectacular chemical experiments for children

Chemistry experiments for children at home are very diverse, and some are very effective.

Colored foam

To make a large amount of colored foam you need:

Discolored brilliant green

For the experiment on discoloration of greenery you will need:

• brilliant green solution;
• glasses;
• bleach;
• ammonia;
• vinegar;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• activated carbon tablets.

Sequencing:

1. Water is poured into 6 glasses, a drop of greenery is added to each.
2. The 1st glass is set aside for comparison, bleach is added to 2, ammonia is added to 3, peroxide is added to 4.
3. The ammonia instantly discolours the liquid.
4. Small bubbles appeared in the glass of bleach, and the solution became colorless.
5. Hydrogen peroxide will gradually discolor the liquid, over about 15 minutes.
6. The vinegar added to the solution will brighten the liquid.
7. After 30 minutes. the liquid brightens.
8. Activated carbon brightens the solution.

Pharaoh snake

Carrying out an experiment called "Pharaoh's Serpent" will require:

Experience stages:

1. The sand is impregnated with alcohol, formed by a cone.
2. A depression is made at the top.
3. Soda is mixed with sugar, poured into a depression.
4. Soaked sand is set on fire.
5. The mixture will turn into black balls, the soda and sugar will begin to decompose.
6. After burning alcohol, a snake will appear, consisting of the products of burning sugar.

Pharaoh's snake made of sugar and soda:

Fire without spark

To obtain a fire without a spark, potassium permanganate, glycerin and paper are needed.

Sequencing:

1. Place about 1.5 g of potassium permanganate powder in the center of a sheet of paper, cover with the free edge of the sheet.
2. Apply 3 drops of glycerin to the paper in the place where the powder is.
3. After 30 seconds, potassium permanganate will begin to fizzle, smoke and give a black foam. The exothermic reaction will heat the paper up and it will ignite.

Fireworks

To make a small fireworks at home, you need to pick up a small refractory dish with a long handle.

Sequencing:

1. On a paper sheet you need to pour a crushed tablet of activated carbon, the same amount of potassium permanganate and the same amount of iron filings.
2. Fold a sheet of paper in half to combine the powders (the powders cannot be mixed with spoons or spatulas: they can ignite).
3. Pour carefully into a fireproof dish, heat over a switched on burner. After a few seconds. the heated mixture will start throwing out sparks.

Chemical kits for children

Chemical experiments for children at home will help to carry out special sets of substances and tools.

Set for experiments "Volcano"

Designed for children from 14 years old, allows you to independently reproduce the eruption of a small volcano.

Equipment:

To carry out the experiment, you first need to make the volcano itself; sand or gypsum is suitable as a material. When the mountain is frozen, a special powder is poured into the depression and set on fire. The substance begins to burn effectively, emit sparks, and ash appears.

The advantages of such an experiment include a visual representation of flammable substances. Disadvantages: presence of harmful substances, can be used only once.

Price: 440 rub.

Chemistry set

The kit provides for growing crystals at home.

The set includes:

• ammonium crystal;
• dye;
• polypropylene container;
• gloves;
• colored glass base;
• mixing tool;
• instruction.

Stages of work:

• Crystalline powder is poured into a container, mixed with 150 ml of boiling water.
• Stir until completely dissolved.
• The base of the crystal is immersed in the liquid.
• Cover with a lid for 60 minutes.
• A substance is poured into cooled water to form a crystal, the lid is closed.
• A day later, remove the lid.
• Wait until the top of the crystal appears above the water.
• The water is drained, the crystal is taken out and dried.

The experiment is very interesting for children, practically safe, but it will take at least 4 days to complete it.

Set cost: 350 rubles.

Set for chemical experiments "Traffic light"

The set includes:

• sodium hydroxide;
• glucose;
• indigo carmine;
• 2 measuring cups;
• gloves.

Sequence of experience:

1. Dissolve glucose (4 tablets) in 1 glass using a small amount of boiling water. 10 mg of sodium hydroxide solution is added.
2. A little indigo carmine is dissolved in the 2nd glass.
3. A solution of glucose with alkali is poured into the resulting blue liquid.
4. When mixing solutions, the liquid will turn green (the oxygen contained in the air oxidizes indigo carmine).
5. Gradually, the solution will turn red, then yellow. If the vessel with the yellow solution is shaken, the liquid will turn green again, followed by red and yellow.

The experiment is spectacular, interesting and safe. The disadvantages include insufficiently detailed instructions.

Set price: 350 rubles.

Pros and cons of home experimentation

Most chemical home experiments, when done correctly, do not harm the health of the child, but it is better to conduct them under the supervision of an adult. All the necessary substances can be found in any kitchen.

Experiments will reveal to children the secrets of the interaction of substances and arouse interest in learning about the world.

Article design: Svetlana Ovsyanikova

Video on the topic: chemical experiments for children

Home miracle laboratory: chemical experiments for children:

Chemist is a very interesting and multifaceted profession, uniting under his wing many different specialists: scientists-chemists, chemists-technologists, chemists-analysts, petrochemists, chemistry teachers, pharmacists and many others. We decided to celebrate the upcoming Chemist's Day 2017 together with them, so we chose several interesting and impressive experiments in the area under consideration, which can be repeated even by those who are as far as possible from the chemistry profession. The best chemical experiments at home - read, watch and memorize!

When is Chemist's Day

Before we begin to consider our chemical experiments, let us clarify that traditionally the Day of the Chemist is celebrated on the territory of the states of the post-Soviet space at the very end of spring, namely, on the last Sunday of May. This means that the date is not fixed: for example, in 2017, Chemist's Day is celebrated on May 28. And if you work in the chemical industry, or study a specialty from this area, or in some other way are directly related to chemistry on duty, then you have every right to join the celebration on this day.

Chemical experiments at home

And now we proceed to the main thing, and we begin to perform interesting chemical experiments: it is best to do this together with young children, who will definitely perceive what is happening as a magic trick. Moreover, we tried to find such chemical experiments, the reagents for which can be easily obtained in a pharmacy or store.

Experiment # 1 - Chemical traffic light

Let's start with a very simple and beautiful experiment, which received this name by no means in vain, because the liquid participating in the experiment will change its color just to the colors of the traffic light - red, yellow and green.

You will need:

• indigo carmine;
• glucose;
• caustic soda;
• water;
• 2 transparent glass containers.

Don't be intimidated by the names of some of the ingredients - you can easily buy glucose tablets at the pharmacy, indigo carmine is sold in stores as food coloring, and caustic soda can be found at the hardware store. It is better to take containers high, with a wide base and a narrower neck, for example, flasks, so that it is more convenient to shake them.

But what is interesting about chemical experiments - there is an explanation for everything:

• By mixing glucose with caustic soda, i.e. sodium hydroxide, we obtained an alkaline glucose solution. Then, having mixed it with a solution of indigo carmine, we oxidize the liquid with oxygen, with which it was saturated during the transfusion from the flask - this is the reason for the appearance of the green color. Further, glucose begins to work as a reducing agent, gradually changing its color to yellow. But by shaking the flask, we saturate the liquid with oxygen again, allowing the chemical reaction to go through this circle again.

You will get an idea of \u200b\u200bhow interesting it looks live from this short video:

Experience number 2 - Universal indicator of acidity from cabbage

Children adore interesting chemical experiments with colored liquids, this is no secret. But we, as adults, responsibly declare that such chemical experiments look very spectacular and curious. Therefore, we advise you to conduct another "color" experiment at home - a demonstration of the amazing properties of red cabbage. It, like many other vegetables and fruits, contains anthocyanins - natural indicator dyes that change color depending on the pH level - i.e. the degree of acidity of the environment. This property of cabbage will be useful to us in order to obtain further multi-colored solutions.

What we need:

• 1/4 red cabbage;
• lemon juice;
• baking soda solution;
• vinegar;
• sugar solution;
• a drink of the "Sprite" type;
• disinfectant;
• bleach;
• water;
• 8 flasks or glasses.

Many of the substances on this list are quite dangerous, so be careful when performing simple chemical experiments at home, wear gloves, if possible, safety glasses. And do not let children get too close - they may knock over the reagents or the final contents of the colored cones, even want to try them, which cannot be allowed.

Getting started:

How do these chemical experiments explain the color changes?

• The fact is that light falls on all objects that we see - and it contains all the colors of the rainbow. Moreover, each color in a ray of the spectrum has its own wavelength, and molecules of different shapes, in turn, reflect and absorb these waves. The wave that is reflected from the molecule is the one that we see, and this determines what color we perceive - after all, other waves are simply absorbed. And depending on what substance we add to the indicator, it begins to reflect only rays of a certain color. Nothing complicated!

A slightly different version of this chemical experiment, with fewer reagents, see the video:

Experience number 3 - Dancing jelly worms

We continue to do chemical experiments at home - and we will conduct the third experiment on all our favorite jelly candies in the form of worms. It will seem funny even to adults, and will delight children at all.

Take the following ingredients:

• a handful of jelly worms;
• vinegar essence;
• ordinary water;
• baking soda;
• glasses - 2 pcs.

When choosing the right candies, opt for smooth, stringy worms, without sugar sprinkling. So that they are not heavy and move easier, cut each candy lengthwise into two halves. So, let's start interesting chemical experiments:

1. Make a solution of warm water and 3 tablespoons of baking soda in one glass.
2. Place the worms in there and hold them there for about fifteen minutes.
3. Fill another deep glass with essence. Now you can slowly throw the jelly into the vinegar, watching them move up and down, which is kind of like a dance:

Why is this happening?

• It's simple: the baking soda in which the worms are soaked for a quarter of an hour is sodium bicarbonate, and the essence is an 80% solution of acetic acid. When they react, they form water, carbon dioxide in the form of small bubbles and sodium salt of acetic acid. It is with carbon dioxide in the form of bubbles that the worm grows, rises up, and then falls when they burst. But the process is still going on, forcing the candy to rise on the formed bubbles and descend until its complete completion.

And if you are seriously interested in chemistry, and want the Chemist's Day to become your professional holiday in the future, then you will probably be curious to watch the following video, which tells in detail about the typical everyday life of chemistry students and their fascinating educational and scientific activities:

Take it for yourself, tell your friends!

Read also on our website:

show more

Entertaining physics in our presentation will tell you why there cannot be two identical snowflakes in nature and why the electric locomotive driver backs up before starting off, where are the largest reserves of water and what Pythagorean invention helps to fight alcoholism.

A small selection of entertaining experiences and experiments for children.

Chemical and physical experiments

Solvent

For example, try to dissolve everything around with your child! We take a saucepan or bowl of warm water, and the child begins to put in there everything that, in his opinion, can dissolve. Your task is to prevent valuable things and living beings from being thrown into the water, to look in surprise into the container with the baby to find out if spoons, pencils, handkerchiefs, erasers, toys have dissolved there. and offer substances such as salt, sugar, soda, milk. The child will gladly begin to dissolve them, too, and, believe me, will be very surprised to understand that they dissolve!
Water changes color under the influence of other chemicals. The substances themselves, interacting with water, also change, in our case they dissolve. The next two experiments are devoted to this property of water and some substances.

Magic water

Show your child how, as if by magic, the water in an ordinary jar changes color. Pour water into a glass jar or glass and dissolve a phenolphthalein tablet in it (it is sold in a pharmacy and is better known as "Purgen"). The liquid will be clear. Then add the baking soda solution - it turns into an intense pink-raspberry color. Having enjoyed this transformation, add vinegar or citric acid there - the solution will again become discolored.

"Live" fish

First, prepare a solution: add 10 g of dry gelatin to a quarter glass of cold water and let it swell well. Heat the water to 50 degrees in a water bath and make sure that the gelatin is completely dissolved. Pour the solution in a thin layer onto plastic wrap and air dry. From the resulting thin leaf, you can cut the silhouette of a fish. Place the fish on a napkin and breathe on it. Breathing will moisten the jelly, it will increase in volume, and the fish will begin to bend.

Lotus flowers

Cut flowers with long petals out of colored paper. Using a pencil, twist the petals towards the center. Now put the multi-colored lotuses on the water poured into the basin. Literally before your very eyes, flower petals will begin to bloom. This is because the paper gets wet, gradually becomes heavier, and the petals open. The same effect can be seen with common spruce or pine cones. You can invite the children to leave one bump in the bathroom (a damp place) and later be surprised that the scales at the bump have closed and they become dense, and put the other on the battery - the bump will reveal its scales.

Islands

Water can not only dissolve some substances, but also has a number of other remarkable properties. For example, it is able to cool hot substances and objects, while they become harder. The experience below will not only help you understand this, but also allow your little one to create his own world with mountains and seas.
We take a saucer and pour water into it. We paint with paints in bluish-greenish or any other color. This is the Sea. Then we take a candle and, as soon as the paraffin in it melts, we turn it over the saucer so that it drips into the water. By changing the height of the candle above the saucer, we get different shapes. Then these "islands" can be connected to each other, you can look at what they look like, or you can take them out and stick them on paper with a painted sea.

In search of fresh water

How to get drinking water from salt water? Pour water with your child into a deep basin, add two tablespoons of salt there, stir until the salt dissolves. Place rinsed pebbles on the bottom of an empty plastic glass so that it does not float, but its edges should be above the water level in the basin. Pull the film on top, tying it around the pelvis. Press the plastic over the center of the glass and place another pebble in the recess. Place the basin in the sun. After a few hours, clean unsalted drinking water will accumulate in the glass. The explanation is simple: water begins to evaporate in the sun, condensation settles on the film and flows into an empty glass. The salt does not evaporate and remains in the basin.
Now that you know how to get fresh water, you can safely go to the sea and not be afraid of thirst. There is a lot of liquid in the sea, and you can always get the purest drinking water from it.

Making the cloud

Pour into a 3-liter can of hot water (about 2.5 cm). Place some ice cubes on a baking sheet and place them on the jar. The air inside the can, rising up, will begin to cool. The water vapor contained in it will condense to form a cloud.

Where does the rain come from? It turns out that the drops, when heated on the ground, rise upward. There they get cold, and they huddle together, forming clouds. When they meet together, they enlarge, become heavy and fall to the ground in the form of rain.

Volcano on the table

Mom and Dad can be wizards too. They can even do. a real volcano! Arm yourself with a "magic wand", cast a spell, and the "eruption" will begin. Here's a simple witchcraft recipe: Add vinegar to baking soda just like we do for dough. Only soda should be more, say, 2 tablespoons. Place it in a saucer and pour the vinegar straight from the bottle. A violent neutralization reaction will begin, the contents of the saucer will begin to foam and boil in large bubbles (be careful not to bend over!). For greater effect, you can sculpt a "volcano" (a cone with a hole at the top) from plasticine, place it on a saucer with soda, and pour vinegar into the hole from above. At some point, foam will start to splash out of the "volcano" - a fantastic sight!
This experience clearly shows the interaction of alkali with acid, the neutralization reaction. By preparing and carrying out an experiment, you can tell your child about the existence of an acidic and alkaline environment. The experiment "Home Sparkling Water", which is described below, is devoted to the same topic. And the older guys can continue exploring them with the next exciting experience.

Natural Indicator Table

Many vegetables, fruits and even flowers contain substances that change color depending on the acidity of the environment. Prepare a decoction from an improvised material (fresh, dried or ice cream) and test it in an acidic and alkaline environment (the broth itself is a neutral medium, water). As an acidic medium, a solution of vinegar or citric acid is suitable, as an alkaline one, a solution of soda. Only they must be prepared immediately before the experiment: over time they deteriorate. The tests can be carried out as follows: pour, say, a solution of soda and vinegar into empty cells from under the eggs (each in its own row, so that opposite each cell with acid there is a cell with alkali). You drip (or rather pour) a little freshly prepared broth or juice into each pair of cells and observe the color change. Enter the results in the table. The color change can be recorded, or you can paint with paints: it is easier to achieve the desired shade with them.
If your baby is older, he will most likely want to take part in the experiments himself. Give him a strip of all-purpose test paper (available at chemical and gardening stores) and offer to moisten it with any liquid: saliva, tea, soup, water, whatever. The wetted area will be colored, and the scale on the box will indicate whether you have tested acidic or alkaline. Usually this experience causes a storm of delight among children and gives parents a lot of free time.

Salt miracles

Have you already grown crystals with your baby? It's not difficult at all, but it will take a few days. Prepare a supersaturated salt solution (one in which the salt does not dissolve when you add a new portion) and carefully dip a seed into it, say, a wire with a small loop at the end. After some time, crystals will appear on the seed. You can experiment and dip the wire into the saline solution, but a woolen thread. The result will be the same, but the crystals will be distributed differently. For those who are especially keen, I recommend making wire crafts, such as a Christmas tree or a spider, and also placing them in a salt solution.

Secret letter

This experience can be combined with the popular game "Find the treasure", or you can just write to someone from your family. There are two ways to make such a letter at home: 1. Dip a pen or brush in milk and write a message on white paper. Be sure to let dry. You can read such a letter by holding it over the steam (do not burn yourself!) Or iron it. 2. Write the letter with lemon juice or citric acid solution. To read it, dissolve a few drops of pharmaceutical iodine in water and slightly moisten the text.
Is your child already grown up or have you gotten a taste for yourself? Then the following experiences are for you. They are somewhat more complicated than those previously described, but it is quite possible to cope with them at home. Still be very careful with your reagents!

Coca cola fountain

Coca-Cola (a solution of phosphoric acid with sugar and dye) reacts very interestingly when Mentos lozenges are placed in it. The reaction is expressed in a fountain literally gushing out of the bottle. It is better to do this experience on the street, as the reaction is poorly controlled. It is better to crush "Mentos" a little, and take a liter Coca-Cola. The effect exceeds all expectations! After this experience, I do not want to take all this inside. I recommend carrying out this experiment with children who are fond of chemical drinks and sweets.

Drown and eat

Wash two oranges. Put one of them in a saucepan filled with water. He will swim. Try to drown it - it will never work!
Peel the second orange and put it in the water. Are you surprised? The orange drowned. Why? Two identical oranges, but one drowned and the other floats? Explain to your child, “There are a lot of air bubbles in the orange peel. They push the orange to the surface of the water. An orange sinks without a peel, because it is heavier than the water it displaces. "

Live yeast

Tell the children that yeast is made up of tiny living organisms called microbes (which means that microbes are not only harmful, but also beneficial). While eating, they emit carbon dioxide, which, when mixed with flour, sugar and water, "raises" the dough, making it fluffy and tasty. Dry yeast looks like little, lifeless balls. But this is only until millions of tiny microbes come to life, which are dormant in a cold and dry form. But they can be revived! Pour two tablespoons of warm water into a jug, add two teaspoons of yeast, then one teaspoon of sugar and stir. Pour the yeast mixture into the bottle by pulling a balloon over its neck. Place the bottle in a bowl of warm water. And then a miracle will happen in front of the children.
The yeast will come to life and begin to eat sugar, the mixture will be filled with bubbles of carbon dioxide, already familiar to children, which they begin to emit. The bubbles burst and the gas inflates the balloon.

"Bait" for ice

1. Let's put the ice in the water.

2. Place the thread on the edge of the glass so that one end of it lies on an ice cube floating on the surface of the water.

3. Put some salt on ice and wait 5-10 minutes.

4. Take the free end of the thread and pull out the ice cube from the glass.

Salt, when it gets on the ice, slightly melts a small part of it. Within 5-10 minutes, the salt dissolves in water, and pure water on the ice surface is frozen together with the thread.

physics.

If you make several holes in a plastic bottle, it will become even more interesting to study its behavior in water. First, make a hole in the side of the bottle just above the bottom. Fill a bottle with water and watch with your baby how it pours out. Then poke a few more holes, one above the other. How will the water flow now? Will the baby notice that the lower the hole, the more powerful the fountain breaks out of it? Let the kids experiment with the pressure of the jets for their own pleasure, and for older children it can be explained that the pressure of the water increases with depth. That is why the lower fountain beats the hardest of all.

Why does an empty bottle float and a full one sinks? And what are these funny bubbles popping out of the neck of an empty bottle if you remove the lid from it and put it under water? And what happens to water if you first pour it into a glass, then into a bottle, and then pour it into a rubber glove? Pay attention to the baby that the water takes the form of the vessel in which it was poured.

Does your baby already feel the temperature of the water by touch? It's great if, by lowering the pen into the water, he can tell whether it is warm water, cold or hot. But not everything is so simple, pens can be easily deceived. You will need three bowls for this trick. In the first we pour cold water, in the second - hot (but such that you can safely lower your hand into it), in the third - water at room temperature. Now suggest baby put one hand in a bowl of hot water, the other in a bowl of cold water. Let him hold his hands there for about a minute, and then immerse them in the third bowl, where the water is room water. Ask babyhow he feels. Although the hands are in the same bowl, the sensations will be completely different. Now you cannot say for sure whether it is hot or cold water.

Soap bubbles in the cold

For experiments with soap bubbles in the cold, you need to prepare shampoo or soap diluted in snow water, to which a small amount of pure glycerin is added, and a plastic tube from a ballpoint pen. Bubbles are easier to blow out in a closed, cold room, as winds almost always blow outside. Large bubbles are easily blown out with a plastic funnel for pouring out liquids.

The bubble freezes at about –7 ° C on slow cooling. The surface tension coefficient of the soap solution slightly increases upon cooling to 0 ° C, and upon further cooling below 0 ° C it decreases and becomes equal to zero at the moment of freezing. The spherical film will not shrink even though the air inside the bubble is being compressed. Theoretically, the bubble diameter should decrease during cooling to 0 ° C, but by such a small amount that in practice this change is very difficult to determine.

The film turns out to be not fragile, which, it would seem, should be a thin crust of ice. If you allow a crystallized soap bubble to fall to the floor, it will not break, it will not turn into ringing fragments, like a glass ball with which a Christmas tree is decorated. Dents will appear on it, individual debris will twist into tubes. The film is not fragile; it exhibits plasticity. The plasticity of the film is a consequence of its small thickness.

Here are four fun bubble experiences. The first three tests should be carried out at –15 ...– 25 ° C, and the last one at –3 ...– 7 ° C.

Test 1

Take the jar of soapy water out into the cold and blow out the bubble. Immediately, small crystals appear at different points of the surface, which grow rapidly and finally merge. As soon as the bubble completely freezes, a dent forms in the upper part, near the end of the tube.

The air in the bubble and the shell of the bubble turn out to be cooler at the bottom, since there is a less cooled tube at the top of the bubble. Crystallization spreads from bottom to top. Less cooled and thinner (due to swelling of the solution), the upper part of the bubble shell bends under the influence of atmospheric pressure. The more the air inside the bubble cools, the larger the dent becomes.

Test 2

Dip the end of the tube into the soapy water and then remove. At the lower end of the tube, a column of solution with a height of about 4 mm will remain. Place the end of the tube against the surface of your palm. The column will greatly decrease. Now blow out the bubble until the rainbow color appears. The bubble turned out with very thin walls. Such a bubble behaves in a peculiar way in the cold: as soon as it freezes, it immediately bursts. So you never get a frozen bubble with very thin walls.

The thickness of the bubble wall can be considered equal to the thickness of the monomolecular layer. Crystallization begins at separate points on the film surface. The water molecules at these points must move closer to each other and arrange themselves in a certain order. The rearrangement in the arrangement of water molecules and relatively thick films does not lead to disruption of the bonds between water and soap molecules, while the thinnest films are destroyed.

Test 3

Pour the soap solution equally into two jars. Add a few drops of pure glycerin to one. Now blow out two approximately equal bubbles from these solutions one by one and place them on a glass plate. Freezing of a bubble with glycerin proceeds a little differently than a bubble from a shampoo solution: the onset is delayed, and the freezing itself is slower. Please note: a frozen bubble from a shampoo solution lasts longer in the cold than a frozen bubble with glycerin.

The walls of a frozen bubble from a shampoo solution are a monolithic crystal structure. Intermolecular bonds in any place are exactly the same and strong, while in a frozen bubble from the same solution with glycerol, strong bonds between water molecules are weakened. In addition, these bonds are broken by the thermal motion of glycerol molecules, so the crystal lattice quickly sublimates, which means it breaks down faster.

Glass bottle and bead.

We warm the bottle well, put the ball on the neck. Now let's put the bottle in a bowl of cold water - the ball will be "swallowed" by the bottle!

Training of matches.

Put several matches in a bowl of water, put a piece of refined sugar in the center of the bowl and - lo and behold! The matches will gather in the center. Probably our matches are sweet tooth !? Now let's remove the sugar and put some liquid soap into the center of the bowl: the matches don't like it - they "run away" in different directions! In fact, everything is simple: sugar absorbs water, thereby creating its movement towards the center, and soap, on the contrary, spreads over the water and carries matches.

Cinderella. static stress.

We need a balloon again, only already inflated. Pour a teaspoon of salt and ground pepper on the table. Mix well. Now let's imagine ourselves as Cinderella and try to separate the pepper from the salt. It doesn't work ... Now let's rub our ball on something woolen and bring it to the table: all the pepper, as if by magic, will be on the ball! We enjoy the miracle, and we whisper to older young physicists that the ball becomes negatively charged from friction against wool, and peppercorns, or rather electrons of pepper, acquire a positive charge and are attracted to the ball. But in salt electronsdo not move well, so it remains neutral, does not acquire a charge from the ball, so it does not stick to it!

Pipette straw

1. Let's put 2 glasses next to each other: one - with water, the other - empty.

2. Put the straw in the water.

3. Clamp the top of the straw with your index finger and transfer it to an empty glass.

4. Remove your finger from the straw - water will flow into an empty glass. By doing the same several times, we can transfer all the water from one glass to another.

The pipette, which you probably have in your first aid kit, works in the same way.

Straw flute

1. Flatten the end of a straw about 15 mm long and cut off its edges with scissors2.Cut 3 small holes from the other end of the straw at the same distance from each other.

So the "flute" has turned out. If you lightly blow into a straw, slightly clenching it with your teeth, the "flute" will begin to sound. If you close one or the other hole of the "flute" with your fingers, the sound will change. Now let's try to pick up some melody.

Additionally.

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1. We smell, taste, touch, listen
Task: to consolidate children's ideas about the sense organs, their purpose (ears - to hear, recognize various sounds; nose - to determine the smell; fingers - to determine the shape, surface structure; tongue - to taste).

Materials: a screen with three round slots (for hands and a nose), a newspaper, a bell, a hammer, two stones, a rattle, a whistle, a talking doll, kinder surprise cases with holes; in cases: garlic, orange slice; foam rubber with perfume, lemon, sugar.

Description. On the table are newspapers, a bell, a hammer, two stones, a rattle, a whistle, and a talking doll. Grandfather Know invites children to play with him. Children are given the opportunity to study subjects on their own. During this acquaintance, grandfather Know talks with children, asking questions, for example: "How do these objects sound?", "How could you hear these sounds?" etc.
Game "Guess what sounds" - a child behind a screen selects an object, which then makes a sound, other children guess. They name the object with which the sound is made, and say that they heard it with their ears.
The game "Guess by the smell" - children put their noses to the window of the screen, and the teacher offers to guess by the smell what is in his hands. What is it? How did you know? (The nose helped us.)
The game "Guess the taste" - the teacher invites the children to guess lemon, sugar to taste.
Game "Guess by touch" - children put their hand into the opening of the screen, guess the object and then take it out.
Name our assistants who help us to recognize an object by sound, smell, taste. What would happen if we didn't have them?

2. Why does everything sound?
Objective: to lead children to understand the causes of sound: the vibration of an object.

Materials: tambourine, glass cup, newspaper, balalaika or guitar, wooden ruler, metallophone

Description: The game "What sounds?" - the teacher invites children to close their eyes, and he makes sounds with the help of well-known impediments. Children guess what sounds. Why do we hear these sounds? What is sound? Children are invited to portray with a voice: how does a mosquito ring? (Z-z-z.)
How does a fly buzz? (F-f-f.) How is the bumblebee humming? (Ooh.)
Then each child is invited to touch the string of the instrument, listen to its sound and then touch the string with the palm of his hand to stop the sound. What happened? Why did the sound stop? The sound continues as long as the string vibrates. When it stops, the sound also disappears.
Does the wooden ruler have a voice? Children are encouraged to extract sound using a ruler. We press one end of the ruler to the table, and on the free one we clap our palm. What's going on with the ruler? (Trembles, hesitates.) How do I stop the sound? (Stop vibrations of the ruler with your hand.) We extract sound from a glass glass with a stick, stop. When does sound arise? Sound occurs when there is a very rapid forward and backward movement of air. This is called hesitation. Why does everything sound? What other objects can you name that will sound?

3. Clear water
Task: to reveal the properties of water (transparent, odorless, pours, has weight).

Materials: two opaque jars (one filled with water), a glass jar with a wide mouth, spoons, small ladles, a basin of water, a tray, object pictures.

Description. Droplet came to visit. Who is Droplet? What does she like to play with?
On the table, two opaque jars are closed with lids, one of them is filled with water. Children are invited to guess what is in these jars without opening them. Are they the same in weight? Which is easier? Which is heavier? Why is it heavier? We open the cans: one is empty - therefore light, the other is filled with water. How did you guess it was water? What color is it? What does the water smell like?
The adult asks the children to fill a glass jar with water. To do this, they are offered a choice of different containers. What is more convenient to pour? How to prevent water spilling on the table? What are we doing? (We pour, pour water.) What does the water do? (Flowing.) Let's hear how it flows. What sound do we hear?
When the jar is filled with water, children are invited to play the game "Recognize and Name" (looking at pictures through the jar). What did you see? Why is the picture so clearly visible?
What kind of water? (Transparent.) What have we learned about water?

4. Water takes shape
Objective: to reveal that the water takes the form of the vessel into which it is poured.

Materials, funnels, a narrow tall glass, a round vessel, a wide bowl, a rubber glove, dippers of the same size, a balloon, a plastic bag, a basin of water, trays, worksheets with sketched vessels, colored pencils.

Description. In front of the children is a basin of water and various vessels. Galchonok Lyuboznayka tells how he walked, swam in puddles and he had a question: "Can water have any shape?" How can I check this? What shape are these vessels? Let's fill them with water. What makes it more convenient to pour water into a narrow vessel? (Using a ladle through a funnel.) Children pour two ladles of water into all vessels and determine whether the amount of water is the same in different vessels. Consider what form the water is in different vessels. It turns out that the water takes the form of the vessel in which it is poured. The results are sketched in the worksheets - children paint over various vessels

5. Foam pillow
Objective: to develop in children the idea of \u200b\u200bthe buoyancy of objects in soapy foam (buoyancy does not depend on the size of the object, but on its weight).

Materials: on a tray, a bowl of water, whisks, a jar of liquid soap, pipettes, a sponge, a bucket, wooden sticks, various items for testing for buoyancy.

Description. Bear Misha says that he has learned to make not only soap bubbles, but also soap suds. And today he wants to know if all objects are drowning in soap suds? How to make lather?
Children use a pipette to collect liquid soap and release it into a bowl of water. Then they try to beat the mixture with chopsticks and a whisk. What makes it more convenient to whip the foam? What is the foam like? Try to dip various objects into the foam. What floats? What is drowning? Do all objects float on the water equally?
Are all objects that float the same size? What does the buoyancy of objects depend on?

6. Air is everywhere
Tasks, detect air in the surrounding space and reveal its property - invisibility.

Materials, balloons, a bowl of water, an empty plastic bottle, sheets of paper.

Description. Little daw Curious makes children a riddle about the air.
It passes through the nose into the chest and back to the path. It is invisible, and yet we cannot live without it. (Air)
What do we breathe in through our nose? What is air? What is it for? Can we see him? Where is the air? How do you know if there is air around?
Game exercise "Feel the air" - children wave a sheet of paper near their face. What do we feel? We do not see air, but it surrounds us everywhere.
Do you think there is air in an empty bottle? How can we check this? An empty transparent bottle is lowered into a bowl of water so that it begins to fill. What's happening? Why are bubbles coming out of the neck? This water displaces air from the bottle. Most items that look empty are actually filled with air.
Name the items that we fill with air. Children inflate balloons. What do we fill the balls with?
Air fills any space, so nothing is empty.

7. Air works
Objective: to give children an idea that air can move objects (sailing ships, balloons, etc.).

Materials: a plastic bath, a basin of water, a sheet of paper; a piece of plasticine, a stick, balloons.

Description. Grandfather Know invites children to consider balloons. What's inside them? What are they filled with? Can air move objects? How can this be verified? Launches an empty plastic tub into the water and asks the children: "Try to make it float." Children blow on her. What can you think of to make the boat go faster? Attaches the sail, makes the boat move again. Why does the boat move faster with a sail? More air presses on the sail, so the tub moves faster.
What other objects can we make move? How can you make a balloon move? The balloons are inflated, released, children watch their movement. Why is the ball moving? Air bursts out of the ball and makes it move.
Children play independently with a boat, a ball

8. Each stone has its own house
Tasks: classification of stones by shape, size, color, surface features (smooth, rough); show children the possibility of using stones for play purposes.

Materials: various stones, four boxes, trays of sand, a model of the examination of an object, pictures-diagrams, a path of stones.

Description. The bunny gives the children a chest with different stones, which he collected in the forest, near the lake. Children are looking at them. How are these stones similar? They act in accordance with the model: press on stones, knock. All stones are solid. How do stones differ from each other? Then he draws the children's attention to the color, shape of the stones, invites them to feel them. Notes that there are smooth stones, there are rough ones. The bunny asks to help him arrange the stones in four boxes according to the following criteria: firstly, smooth and rounded; in the second - small and rough; in the third - large and not round; in the fourth - reddish. Children work in pairs. Then all together consider how the stones are laid out, count the number of stones.
Playing with pebbles "Lay out the picture" - the bunny gives the children schematic pictures (Fig. 3) and offers to lay them out of the pebbles. Children take trays of sand and lay out a picture in the sand according to the scheme, then lay out the picture as they wish.
Children walk along a pebble path. What do you feel? What pebbles?

9. Is it possible to change the shape of stone and clay
Task: to reveal the properties of clay (wet, soft, viscous, you can change its shape, divide into parts, sculpt) and stone (dry, hard, you cannot sculpt from it, it cannot be divided into parts).

Materials: sculpting boards, clay, river stone, model of the object survey.

Description. According to the model of examining the subject, Grandfather Know invites the children to find out whether the shape of the proposed natural materials can be changed. To do this, he invites the children to press their finger on clay, stone. Where is the finger hole left? What kind of stone? (Dry, hard.) What kind of clay? (Wet, soft, pits remain.) Children take turns taking a stone in their hands: crushing it, rolling it in their palms, pulling it in different directions. Did the stone change shape? Why can't you break off a piece of it? (The stone is hard, nothing can be made of it by hand, it cannot be divided into parts.) Children take turns crushing the clay, pulling it in different directions, dividing it into parts. What is the difference between clay and stone? (Clay is not like a stone, it is soft, it can be divided into parts, the clay changes its shape, it can be sculpted from it.)
Children sculpt various clay figurines. Why don't the figures fall apart? (Clay is viscous, retains its shape.) What other material is similar to clay?

10. Light is everywhere
Tasks: to show the meaning of light, to explain that light sources can be natural (sun, moon, fire), artificial - made by people (lamp, flashlight, candle).

Materials: illustrations of events taking place at different times of the day; pictures with images of light sources; several objects that do not give light; flashlight, candle, table lamp, chest with a slot.

Description. Grandfather Know invites children to determine whether it is dark or light now, to explain their answer. What's shining now? (The sun.) What else can illuminate objects when it is dark in nature? (Moon, bonfire.) Invites children to find out what is in the "magic chest" (inside a flashlight). Children look through the slit and note that it is dark, nothing is visible. How to make the box lighter? (Open the chest, then the light will enter and illuminate everything inside it.) Opens the chest, the light came in, and everyone sees the flashlight.
And if we don't open the chest, how can we make it light? He lights up the flashlight, puts it in the chest. Children look at the light through the slit.
The game "Light can be different" - grandfather Know invites children to decompose the pictures into two groups: light in nature, artificial light - made by people. What shines brighter - a candle, a flashlight, a table lamp? Demonstrate the action of these objects, compare, lay out pictures depicting these objects in the same sequence. What shines brighter - the sun, the moon, the fire? Compare by pictures and sort them according to the degree of brightness of the light (from the brightest).

11. Light and shadow
Tasks: to acquaint with the formation of shadows from objects, to establish the similarity between the shadow and the object, to create images using shadows.

Materials: equipment for the shadow theater, a lantern.

Description. Misha the bear comes with a flashlight. The teacher asks him: “What do you have? What do you need a flashlight for? " Misha offers to play with him. The lights are turned off, the room is darkened. Children, with the help of a teacher, illuminate with a flashlight and examine various objects. Why do we see everything well when the flashlight is on? Misha puts his paw in front of the flashlight. What do we see on the wall? (Shadow) Asks the children to do the same. Why is the shadow formed? (The hand interferes with the light and prevents it from reaching the wall.) The teacher suggests using his hand to show the shadow of a bunny, a dog. Children repeat. Misha gives children a present.
Game "Shadow Theater". The teacher takes out a shadow theater from the box. Children look at the equipment for the shadow theater. What makes this theater so special? Why are all the figures black? What is a flashlight for? Why is this theater called shadow theater? How is the shadow formed? Children, together with a bear cub Misha, examine the figures of animals and show their shadows.
Show a familiar fairy tale, for example "Kolobok", or any other.

12. Frozen water
Objective: to reveal that ice is a solid, floats, melts, and consists of water.

Materials, pieces of ice, cold water, plates, a picture of an iceberg.

Description. In front of the children is a bowl of water. They are discussing what kind of water, what shape it is. The water changes shape because
she is liquid. Can water be solid? What happens to water if it gets very cold? (The water will turn to ice.)
Examine pieces of ice. How is ice different from water? Can ice be poured like water? Children are trying to do it. Which one
ice shape? Ice retains its shape. Anything that retains its shape, like ice, is called a solid.
Does ice float? The teacher puts a piece of ice in a bowl and the children watch. What part of the ice floats? (Upper.)
Huge blocks of ice float in cold seas. They are called icebergs (picture display). Above the surface
only the tip of the iceberg is visible. And if the captain of the ship does not notice and stumbles upon the underwater part of the iceberg, the ship may sink.
The teacher draws the attention of the children to the ice that was in the plate. What happened? Why did the ice melt? (The room is warm.) What has the ice turned into? What is ice made of?
"Playing with pieces of ice" is a free activity of children: they choose plates, examine and observe what happens to the pieces of ice.

13. Melting ice
Task: to determine that ice melts from heat, from pressure; that it melts faster in hot water; that water freezes in the cold, and also takes the form of a container in which it is located.

Materials: plate, bowl of hot water, bowl of cold water, ice cubes, spoon, watercolors, strings, various molds.

Description. Grandfather Know offers to guess where the ice grows faster - in a bowl of cold water or in a bowl of hot water. He spreads the ice, and the children observe the changes taking place. Time is fixed using numbers that are laid out near bowls, children draw conclusions. Children are invited to consider a colored piece of ice. What ice? How is such a piece of ice made? Why is the rope holding on? (Frozen to the piece of ice.)
How can you get multi-colored water? Children add colored paints of their choice to the water, pour them into molds (all have different molds) and put them in the cold on trays

14. Colored balls
Task: to get new shades by mixing basic colors: orange, green, violet, blue.

Materials: palette, gouache paints: blue, red, (wishing, yellow; rags, water in glasses, sheets of paper with an outline image (4-5 balls for each child), models - colored twists and halves of circles (correspond to the colors of the paints) , worksheets.

Description. The bunny brings the children sheets with images of balloons and asks to help him color them. Let's find out from him what color balls he likes the most. What if we don't have blue, orange, green and purple colors?
How can we make them?
Children, together with a bunny, mix two colors. If the desired color is obtained, the mixing method is fixed using models (circles). Then the children paint the ball with the resulting paint. This is how children experiment until they get all the colors they need. Conclusion: by mixing red and yellow paint, you can get an orange color; blue with yellow - green, red with blue - violet, blue with white - blue. The results of the experiment are recorded in the worksheet

15. Mysterious Pictures
Objective: to show children that the surrounding objects change color if you look at them through colored glass.

Materials: colored glasses, worksheets, colored pencils.

Description. The teacher invites the children to look around them and name the color of the objects they see. All together they count how many flowers the children named. Do you believe that the turtle sees everything only green? This is indeed the case. Would you like to see everything around through the eyes of a turtle? How can I do that? The teacher distributes green glasses to the children. What do you see? How else would you like to see the world? Children examine objects. How can we get the colors if we don't have the required glasses? Children get new shades by stacking glasses - one on top of the other.
Children sketch "mysterious pictures" on a worksheet

16. We'll see everything, we'll know everything
Task: to acquaint with the device-assistant - a magnifying glass and its purpose.

Materials: magnifiers, small buttons, beads, zucchini seeds, sunflowers, small pebbles and other items for examination, worksheets, colored pencils.

Description. Children receive a “gift” from their grandfather. Knowing, they consider it. What is it? (A bead, a button.) What does it consist of? What is it for? Grandfather Know offers to consider a small button, a bead. What is the best way to see - with your eyes or with the help of this piece of glass? What is the secret of the glass? (Magnifies objects, they are better seen.) This assistant device is called a "magnifying glass". Why does a person need a magnifying glass? Where do you think adults use loupes? (When repairing and making watches.)
Children are invited to independently consider the objects at their request, and then sketch in a worksheet what
the object is in fact and what it is, if you look through a magnifying glass

17. Sand country
Tasks, to highlight the properties of sand: flowability, looseness, you can sculpt from wet; to acquaint with the method of making a picture from sand.

Materials: sand, water, magnifiers, sheets of thick colored paper, glue sticks.

Description. Grandfather Know invites children to consider the sand: what color, taste it by touch (loose, dry). What is sand made of? What do grains of sand look like? How can we examine grains of sand? (Using a magnifying glass.) Grains of sand are small, translucent, round, do not stick to each other. Is it possible to sculpt from sand? Why can't we change anything from dry sand? Trying to mold from wet. How can you play with dry sand? Can I paint with dry sand?
On thick paper with a glue pencil, children are invited to draw something (or circle the finished drawing),
and then pour sand onto the glue. Shake off excess sand and see what happens. All together look at children's drawings

18. Where is the water?
Tasks: to reveal that sand and clay absorb water in different ways, to highlight their properties: flowability, friability.

Materials: transparent containers with dry sand, dry clay, measuring cups with water, magnifying glass.

Description. Grandfather Know invites children to fill the cups with sand and clay as follows: first it is poured
dry clay (half), and fill the second half of the glass with sand on top. After that, the children look at the filled glasses and tell what they see. Then the children are invited to close their eyes and guess by the sound what grandfather is pouring. Know. Which poured better? (Sand.) Children pour sand and clay onto trays. Are the slides the same? (The slide of sand is smooth, of clay, uneven.) Why are the slides different?
Examine particles of sand and clay through a magnifying glass. What is sand made of? (Grains of sand are small, translucent, round, do not stick to each other.) And what does clay consist of? (Clay particles are small, closely pressed together.) What happens if you pour water into glasses with sand and clay? Children try and watch. (All the water has gone into the sand, but stands on the surface of the clay.)
Why doesn't clay absorb water? (Clay particles are closer to each other, do not let water through.) All together remember where there are more puddles after rain - on the sand, on asphalt, on clay soil. Why are the paths in the garden sprinkled with sand? (To absorb water.)

19. Water mill
Objective: to give an idea that water can set other objects in motion.

Materials: a toy water mill, a basin, a jug with a code, a rag, aprons according to the number of children.

Description. Grandfather Know conducts a conversation with children about why a person needs water. During the conversation, the children remember her own way. Can water make other objects work? After the children's answers, grandfather Know shows them a water mill. What is it? How do you get the mill to work? Children hum their aprons and roll up their sleeves; they take a jug of water in their right hand, and with their left they support it near the spout and pour water onto the blades of the mill, directing a stream of water to the center of the pit. What do we see? Why is the mill moving? What sets her in motion? The water drives the mill.
Children play with the mill.
It is noted that if water is poured in a small stream, the mill works slowly, and if it is poured in a large stream, the mill will work faster.

20. Ringing water
Objective: to show children that the amount of water in a glass affects the sound produced.

Materials: a tray on which there are various glasses, water in a bowl, scoops, fishing rods with a thread at the end of which a plastic ball is fixed.

Description. There are two glasses filled with water in front of the children. How to make glasses sound? All options for children are checked (knock with your finger, objects that the children will offer). How to make the sound louder?
A stick with a ball at the end is offered. Everyone listens to the jingle of glasses of water. Do we hear the same sounds? Then grandfather Know pours and adds water to the glasses. What affects ringing? (The amount of water affects the ringing, the sounds are different.) Children try to compose a melody

21. "Guess"
Objective: to show children that objects have a weight that depends on the material.

Materials: objects of the same shape and size from different materials: wood, metal, foam rubber, plastic;
container with water; container with sand; balls of different materials of the same color, touch box.

Description. Different pairs of objects are in front of the children. Children look at them and determine how they are similar and how they differ. (Similar in size, different in weight.)
They take objects in their hands, check the difference in weight!
Game "Guess" - from the sensor box, children select objects by touch, explaining, as they guessed, whether it is heavy or light. What determines the lightness or heaviness of the object? (From what material it is made of.) Children are invited with their eyes closed by the sound of an object falling to the floor to determine whether it is light or heavy. (A heavy object has a louder impact sound.)
They also determine whether an object is light or heavy by the sound of an object falling into the water. (From a heavy object, the splash is stronger.) Then the objects are thrown into a basin with sand and the carrying of the object is determined by the depression in the sand left after the fall. (From a heavy object, the depression in the sand is larger.

22. Catch, fish, both small and large
Task: to find out the ability of a magnet to attract some objects.

Materials: magnetic game "Fishing", magnets, small objects from different materials, a basin of water, worksheets.

Description. The fishing cat offers children the game "Fishing". What can you fish with? Try to fish with a fishing rod. They tell if any of the children saw real fishing rods, what they look like, what bait the fish is caught with. What do we fish for? Why does she hold on and not fall?
They examine the fish, the fishing rod and find metal plates and magnets.
What objects are attracted by a magnet? Children are offered magnets, various objects, two boxes. They put objects in one box that attracts a magnet, in another - that does not. The magnet only attracts metal objects.
In what other games have you seen magnets? Why does a person need a magnet? How does he help him?
Children are given worksheets in which they complete the task "Draw a line to a magnet from an object that is attracted to it"

23. Magic tricks with magnets
Objective: to highlight objects that interact with the magnet.

Materials: magnets, cut out of polystyrene goose with metallic beak inserted. rod; a bowl of water, a jar of jam, and mustard; wooden stick, cat on one edge. a magnet is attached and covered with cotton on top, and only cotton on the other end; figurines of animals on cardboard stands; shoe box with a cut off wall on one side; paper clips; a magnet attached with tape to a pencil; a glass of water, small metal rods or a needle.

Description. The children are met by a magician and show the "picky goose" trick.
Magician: Many people think that the goose is a stupid bird. But this is not the case. Even a little gosling understands what is good for him and what is bad. At least this kid. Just hatched from an egg, and already reached the water and swam. This means that he understands that it will be difficult for him to walk, but easy to swim. And he understands food. Here I have two fleeces tied, I dip it in mustard and offer the caterpillar to taste it (a stick without a magnet is brought up) Eat, little one! Look, she turns away. What does mustard taste like? Why doesn't the goose want to eat? Now let's try to dip another cotton wool into the jam (a stick with a magnet is brought up). Yeah, reached for the sweet. Not a stupid bird
Why does our gosling go to the jam with its beak and turn away from the mustard? What's his secret? Children examine a stick with a magnet at the end. Why did the goose interact with the magnet? (There is something metallic in the goose.) They examine the goose and see that there is a metal rod in its beak.
The magician shows the children pictures of animals and asks: “Can my animals move by themselves?” (No.) The magician replaces these animals with pictures with paper clips attached to their lower edge. He puts the figures on the box and drives the magnet inside the box. Why did the animals move? Children examine the figures and see that there are paper clips attached to the stands. Children try to control animals. The magician "accidentally" drops a needle into a glass of water. How to get it without getting your hands wet? (Bring the magnet to the glass.)
Children themselves get the dec. items from water with pom. magnet.

24. Sunbeams
Tasks: to understand the cause of the appearance of sunbeams, to teach how to let sunbeams (reflect light with a mirror).

Material: mirrors.

Description. Grandfather Know helps children remember a poem about a sun bunny. When does it come out? (In light, from objects reflecting light.) Then he shows how a sunbeam appears with the help of a mirror. (The mirror reflects a ray of light and itself becomes a source of light.) It invites children to let out sunbeams (for this you need to catch a ray of light with a mirror and direct it in the right direction), hide them (covering them with your palm).
Games with the sun bunny: catch up, catch it, hide it.
Children find out that it is difficult to play with a bunny: from a small movement of the mirror, it moves a long distance.
Children are invited to play with a bunny in a dimly lit room. Why doesn't the sunbeam appear? (No bright light.)

25. What is reflected in the mirror?
Tasks: to acquaint children with the concept of "reflection", to find objects that can reflect.

Materials: mirrors, spoons, glass vase, aluminum foil, new balloon, frying pan, work PITS.

Description. An inquisitive monkey invites children to look in the mirror. Whom do you see? Look in the mirror and tell me what's behind you? left? on right? Now look at these objects without a mirror and tell me, are they different from those that you saw in the mirror? (No, they are the same.) The image in the mirror is called a reflection. The mirror reflects the object as it really is.
In front of the children are various objects (spoons, foil, frying pan, vases, balloon). The monkey asks them to find everything
objects in which you can see your face. What did you pay attention to when choosing a subject? Taste the object to the touch, is it smooth or rough? Are all items shiny? See if your reflection is the same on all these items? Is it always the same shape! the best reflection is obtained? The best reflections are obtained on flat, shiny and smooth objects and make good mirrors. Further, children are invited to remember where on the street they can see their reflection. (In a puddle, in a shop window.)
In the worksheets, the children complete the task “Find all objects in which you can see the reflection.

26. What dissolves in water?
Objective: to show children the solubility and insolubility of various substances in water.

Materials: flour, granulated sugar, river sand, food coloring, washing powder, glasses of clean water, spoons or sticks, trays, pictures depicting the substances presented.
Description. On trays in front of children, glasses of water, sticks, spoons and substances in various containers. Children examine water, remember its properties. What do you think happens if sugar is added to the water? Grandfather Know adds sugar, mixes, and all together watch what has changed. What happens if we add river sand to the water? Adds river sand to water, mixes. Has the water changed? Has it become cloudy or is it still transparent? Did the river sand dissolve?
What happens to water if we add food paint to it? Adds paint, mixes. What changed? (The water has changed color.) Has the paint dissolved? (The paint dissolved and changed the color of the water, making the water cloudy.)
Will flour dissolve in water? Children add flour to the water, mix. What has the water become? Cloudy or transparent? Has the flour dissolved in the water?
Will washing powder dissolve in water? Washing powder is added, mixed. Has the powder dissolved in the water? What do you notice unusual? Dip your fingers into the mixture and check if it still feels the same as pure water? (The water became soapy.) What substances have dissolved in the water? What substances did not dissolve in water?

27. Magic sieve
Objectives: to acquaint children with the method of separation to; coves from sand, small cereals from large ones with the help of developing independence.

Materials: scoops, various sieves, buckets, bowls, semolina and rice, sand, small pebbles.

Description. Little Red Riding Hood comes to the children and tells that she is going to visit her grandmother - to bring her mountains of semolina. But she had a misfortune. She did not\u003e drop the cans of cereals, and the cereals were all mixed up. (shows a bowl of cereals.) How to separate rice from semolina?
Children try to separate with their fingers. They note that it turns out slowly. How can you do this faster? Take a look
those, are there any items in the laboratory that can help us? Do we notice that there is a sieve near Grandfather Knowing? What is it for? How to use it? What is falling from the sieve into the bowl?
Little Red Riding Hood examines the peeled semolina, thanks for the help, asks: "What else can you call this magic sieve?"
We will find substances in our laboratory that we will sift. We discover that there are many pebbles in the sand to separate the sand from the pebbles? Children sift the sand on their own. What's in our bowl? What's left. Why do large substances remain in the sieve, while small ones immediately go into the bowl? What is a sieve for? Do you have a sieve at home? How do mothers and grandmothers use it? Children give a magic sieve to Little Red Riding Hood.

28. Colored sand
Tasks: to acquaint children with the method of making colored sand (mixed with colored chalk); teach to use a grater.
Materials: crayons, sand, transparent container, small objects, 2 bags, small bowls, bowls, spoons (sticks,) small jars with lids.

Description. A little daw Luboznayka flew to the children. He asks the children to guess what is in his bags The children try to determine by touch. (In one bag there are sand, in the other there are pieces of chalk.) The teacher opens the bags, the children check the assumptions. The teacher with the children examines the contents of the bags. What is it? What sand, what can you do with it? What color is the chalk? How does it feel? Can it be broken? What is it for? Galchonok asks: “Can sand be colored? How do I make it colored? What happens if we mix sand with chalk? How can you make chalk as free-flowing as sand? " Jackdaw brags that he has a tool for turning chalk into fine powder.
Shows the grater to the children. What is it? How do I use it? Children, following the example of a little jackdaw, take bowls, graters and rub chalk. What happened? What color is your powder? (Daw asks each child) How do you make the sand colored now? Children put sand in a bowl and stir it with spoons or chopsticks. Children look at colored sand. How can we use this sand? (Make beautiful pictures.) Galchonok suggests to play. Shows a transparent container filled with multi-colored layers of sand, and asks the children: “How can you quickly find the hidden object?” Children offer their options. Educator Explains that you cannot stir the sand with your hands, a stick or a spoon, and shows the way to push out of the sand

29. Fountains
Tasks: develop curiosity, independence, create a joyful mood.

Materials: plastic bottles, nails, matches, water.

Description. Children go out for a walk. Parsley brings children pictures of different fountains. What is a fountain? Where have you seen the fountains? Why do people install fountains in cities? Can you make a fountain yourself? What can you make it from? The teacher draws the attention of children to the bottles, nails, matches brought by Petrushka. Can a fountain be made using these materials? What is the best way to do this?
Children pierce holes in bottles with a nail, plug them with matches, fill bottles with water, pull out matches, and a fountain is obtained. How did we get the fountain? Why doesn't water pour out when there are matches in the holes? Children play with fountains.
object by shaking the vessel.
What happened to the colored sand? Children note that in this way we quickly found the object and mixed the sand.
Children hide small objects in transparent jars, cover them with layers of colored sand, close the jars with lids and show the dummy how they quickly find the hidden object and mix the sand. The little daw gives the children a box of colored chalk at parting.

30. Sand Play
Tasks: to consolidate children's ideas about the properties of sand, to develop curiosity, observation, to activate the speech of children, to develop constructive skills.

Materials: a large children's sandbox, in which traces of plastic animals were left, animal toys, scoops, children's rakes, watering cans, a site plan for walking this group.

Description. Children go outside and inspect the walking area. The teacher draws their attention to unusual footprints in the sandbox. Why are the footprints so clearly visible in the sand? Whose tracks are these? Why do you think so?
Children find plastic animals and test their assumptions: they take toys, put their paws on the sand and look for the same print. And what mark will remain from the palm? Children leave their footprints. Whose palm is bigger? Whose is less? Check by applying.
The teacher in the paws of the bear discovers a letter, takes out a site plan from it. What is depicted? Which spot is circled in red? (Sandbox.) What else could be interesting there? Probably some kind of surprise? Children, plunging their hands into the sand, are looking for toys. Who is it?
Each animal has its own home. The fox ... (hole), the bear ... (den), the dog ... (kennel). Let's build a sand house for each animal. What is the best sand to build from? How do you make it wet?
Children take watering cans, water the sand. Where does the water go? Why did the sand become wet? Children build houses and play with animals.

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There are very simple experiences that children remember for a lifetime. The guys may not fully understand why this is all happening, but when time passes and they find themselves in a physics or chemistry lesson, a very clear example will surely pop up in their memory.

website collected 7 interesting experiments that will be remembered by children. Everything you need for these experiments is at your fingertips.

Refractory ball

It will take: 2 balls, candle, matches, water.

Experience: Inflate the balloon and hold it over a lighted candle to demonstrate to the children that the balloon will burst from the fire. Then pour plain tap water into the second ball, tie it and bring it back to the candle. It turns out that with water the ball can easily withstand the flame of a candle.

Explanation: The water in the ball absorbs the heat generated by the candle. Therefore, the ball itself will not burn and, therefore, will not burst.

The pencils

You will need: plastic bag, pencils, water.

Experience: Pour half of the water into a plastic bag. With a pencil we pierce the bag through in the place where it is filled with water.

Explanation: If you pierce a plastic bag and then pour water into it, it will pour out through the holes. But if you first fill the bag with water halfway and then pierce it with a sharp object so that the object remains stuck in the bag, then water will hardly flow out through these holes. This is due to the fact that when polyethylene breaks down, its molecules are attracted closer to each other. In our case, the polyethylene is tightened around the pencils.

Unbreakable ball

You will need: a balloon, a wooden skewer and some dishwashing liquid.

Experience: Lubricate the top and bottom with the product and pierce the ball starting from the bottom.

Explanation: The secret to this trick is simple. In order to preserve the ball, you need to pierce it at the points of least tension, which are located at the bottom and top of the ball.

Cauliflower

It will take: 4 glasses of water, food coloring, cabbage leaves or white flowers.

Experience: Add food coloring of any color to each glass and place one leaf or flower in the water. Leave them overnight. In the morning you will see that they are colored in different colors.

Explanation: Plants absorb water and thus nourish their flowers and leaves. This is due to the capillary effect, in which the water itself tends to fill the thin tubes inside the plants. This is how flowers, grass and large trees eat. Sucking in the colored water, they change their color.

Floating egg

It will take: 2 eggs, 2 glasses of water, salt.

Experience: Place the egg gently in a glass of plain clean water. As expected, it will sink to the bottom (if not, the egg might be rotten and shouldn't be returned to the refrigerator). Pour warm water into the second glass and stir 4-5 tablespoons of salt in it. For the purity of the experiment, you can wait until the water cools down. Then dip the second egg into the water. It will float near the surface.

Explanation: It's all about density. The average density of the egg is much higher than that of plain water, so the egg sinks downward. And the density of the brine is higher, and therefore the egg rises up.

Crystal lollipops

It will take: 2 glasses of water, 5 glasses of sugar, wooden sticks for mini-kebabs, thick paper, transparent glasses, a saucepan, food coloring.

Experience: In a quarter glass of water, boil the sugar syrup with a couple tablespoons of sugar. Pour some sugar onto the paper. Then you need to dip the stick in syrup and collect the saccharins with it. Next, distribute them evenly on a stick.

Leave the sticks to dry overnight. In the morning, dissolve 5 glasses of sugar in 2 glasses of water over the fire. You can leave the syrup to cool for 15 minutes, but it should not cool down too much, otherwise the crystals will not grow. Then pour it into jars and add different food colors. Dip the prepared sticks into a jar of syrup so that they do not touch the walls and bottom of the jar, a clothespin will help with this.

Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of sugar decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your stick with a seed of sugar grains.

A lit match

Will need: Matches, flashlight.

Experience: Light a match and keep 10-15 centimeters away from the wall. Shine a flashlight on the match, and you will see that only your hand and the match itself are reflected on the wall. It would seem obvious, but I never thought about it.

Explanation: Fire does not cast shadows as it does not interfere with the passage of light through itself.

Choosing a gift for my eleven-year-old nephew, I couldn't do without a book))). It was decided to look among the books aimed at maximizing the distraction of the guy from modern gadgets. Since he is very smart and inquisitive with us, I hope that he will spend the summer holidays not boring without a tablet, and with the help of this book and one more gift, but this is another topic. I stopped at "Funny scientific experiments for children. 30 exciting experiments at home", Yegor Belko, Peter publishing house.

ISBN 978-5-496-01343-7

Home experiments. Probably, there is no child who would not be interested and would not want to build an erupting volcano at home or "settle" a cloud in a jar, a rainbow in a glass, still push an egg into a bottle or grow a purple chamomile. And even more so when everything that is needed for these experiments is at home: on the desktop or in the mother's kitchen, and no special reagents and chemicals are needed. The most "dangerous" experiment medium in this book is perhaps vinegar.

Each spread contains a detailed description of the experiment: the necessary materials, a description of the preparation and course of the experiment and its scientific explanation, as well as clear and colorful illustrated tips. All experiments are very simple, and everything you need to carry out them can be easily found in every home. From the age of 6-7, I think, it is already possible to give a book to a child for independent study, and before that age you can have a great time with mom, and even better with dad (dads are better able to explain the properties of objects and materials, they somehow it turns out easier and clearer)))

My daughter is almost 3 years old, but we also love to experiment. For example, we have already done, built a whole installation of a mountain peak and a volcano erupting in it, and with ice and just painted with "soda" paints, and then "froth" the drawing with vinegar or a solution of citric acid. The child's delight is guaranteed, and even if he does not understand the reason for what is happening, then he will certainly remember the impressions of what he saw. The purpose and task of such activities with a child is to show simply and easily that any phenomenon of nature or human life has a simple explanation, and we know we can understand its components; to awaken the child's interest in everything that has a logical scientific explanation, but does not give an impulse to curiosity at first sight; teach a child to look for the truth of what is happening; and just make it clear that from any object or material found in the kitchen, yard or bathroom, you can make something interesting and exciting with your own hands. We already sent the book to my nephew, but I photographed all the spreads to repeat the experiments with my daughter. There is a lot of information about such things on the net now, and if you try, you can compose your own book of "home experiments", but if you don't want to spend a lot of time searching or just a holiday on the nose of your beloved children, then this book is worthy of attention.