MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

State educational institution of higher professional education

RUSSIAN STATE TRADE AND ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY (RGTEU)

IVANOVO BRANCH

Department of Commerce, commodity and expertise

COURSE WORK

discipline: "The organization of commercial activities of trade enterprises"

on the theme: “Development of measures for the introduction of innovative technologies in the organization of commercial activities

(on the example of the furniture store "Max" IP Volkov ").

Performed by a student of the 3rd course of the 3rd CD of the joint venture group

correspondence courses

Kabanov Dmitry Sergeevich

Commerce specialties (trade)

Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of innovative technologies in trading activities

1.1 the Concept of innovation, their types and classification

1.2 Innovative technologies, their types and methods of implementation

1.3 Stages of innovation

1.4 Legal regulation of innovation

Chapter 2. Development of measures for the introduction of innovative technologies in the organization of commercial activities (for example, furniture store IP Volkov M In)

2.1 Characteristics of the object of study

2.2 Analysis and evaluation of innovative activity of the enterprise

2.3 Development of measures for the introduction of innovative technologies in the organization of commercial activities

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Applications

Experience and observation are the greatest sources of wisdom, access to which is open to everyone. (William Ellery Channing)

Introduction

One of the priorities of most countries in the world is to ensure long-term economic growth. Economic growth is accompanied by an increase in production efficiency, a reduction in unemployment, price stability and the expansion of foreign economic relations and other positive economic and social processes. These goals of economic growth can be achieved by using in all areas of economic activity the achievements of scientific and technological innovations, called innovations. Despite the fact that Russia still retains its innovative potential, the focus of this potential on the realization of scientific advances in production and other areas of activity is extremely small. In the industry of Russia in the 90s innovative activity dropped sharply. The proportion of enterprises and organizations engaged in the development and use of innovations has decreased. The development of innovation processes in Russia is influenced by various groups of factors: economic, technological, political, legal, socio-psychological, and organizational and managerial.

Activation of innovation activity in Russia is the most important prerequisite for the use of scientific and technological potential, the growth of competitiveness of industrial products, overcoming the economic crisis, raising the standard of living of the population. Considering that at present, innovative technologies play a crucial role in the development of society, that an increasing number of organizations and firms strive to introduce new technologies in the organization of commercial activities, but they do not always correctly understand their essence and structure, replace them with minor modifications in products and services, then it explains relevance    selected topic.

Purpose    This course work is the development of measures for the introduction and use of innovative technologies in the organization of commercial activities of the enterprise and the assessment of the importance of introducing innovative technologies in the work of the enterprise, increasing its competitiveness.

To do this, follow these steps: tasks :

1- consider the concepts of innovation, their types and classification,

2- explore innovative technologies, their types and methods of implementation,

3- to study the stages of innovation,

4- show the legal regulation of innovation,

5- analyze and assess the innovation of the enterprise

6- develop measures for the introduction of innovative technologies in the organization of commercial activities.

Object research are innovative technologies as well the subject    Research is the organization of work on the introduction of innovative technologies in the commercial activity of the enterprise.

The methodological basis of this work was the works of Russian and foreign scientists, such as N. Monchev, A. Tychinsky, I. Perlami, V. D. Hartmak, E. Mansfield, R. Foster, B. Twiss, I. Schumpeter, E. Rogers and etc.

The theoretical basis are: marketing, economic theory, strategic planning, quality management, regional economics, company economics, etc.

In the process of work, the following methods were used: economic-statistical, design-constructive, method of expert assessments.

The structure of the work. The work consists of: introduction, two chapters, conclusions, conclusion, bibliography and applications.

The introduction argues the relevance of the chosen topic of work, sets out the goal and objectives that were solved during its writing. The first chapter examines the theoretical issues of innovation and innovative technologies, and examines the various stages and methods of their implementation in trading activities, and also shows the legal regulation of innovation activities.

The second chapter analyzes and assesses the innovation activity of the enterprise, and also develops measures for introducing innovative technologies into the organization of the enterprise’s commercial activity.

In conclusion, the main results of this work are presented. The work is illustrated with 4 figures, 2 tables. The bibliographic list consists of 23 sources.

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of innovative technologies in trading activities

1.1 the Concept of innovation, their types and classification

The concept of "innovation" appeared in the studies of cultural studies in the 19th century and meant the introduction of elements of one culture into another. The first most complete description of innovation processes was presented at the beginning of the 20th century by an eminent economist J. Schumpeter, who analyzed the “new combinations” of changes in the development of economic systems (1911).

In his work Theory of Economic Development, published in 1912, he considered innovation (new combinations) as a means of entrepreneurship for profit. The author called entrepreneurs “business entities whose function is just the implementation of new combinations and which act as its active element”.

Somewhat later, in the 30s, Schumpeter and Mensch introduced the term “innovation” itself into scientific circulation, which they considered the embodiment of a scientific discovery in a new technology or product. Since then, the concept of “innovation” and the associated terms “innovative technologies”, “innovation process” and others have acquired the status of general scientific categories of a high level of generalization and enriched conceptual and terminological systems of many sciences.

It is believed that the concept of “innovation” is the Russian version of the English word innovation. A literal translation from English means “introduction of innovations” or in our understanding of the word “introduction of innovations”. Innovation is a new order, a new custom, a new method, an invention, a new phenomenon. The Russian phrase "innovation" in the literal sense of the "introduction of a new" means the process of using innovations.

In everyday practice, as a rule, identify the concept of innovation, innovation, innovation, innovation, which is understandable. Any inventions, new phenomena, types of services or methods only receive public recognition when they are accepted for distribution (commercialization), and already in a new capacity they act as innovations (innovations). Innovation is an economic, social, rather than a technical term. For a businessman, they are the main means of increasing profits, the key to new sales markets. Governments rely on innovation when trying to overcome the economic crisis.

Under the innovation

In the Oxford explanatory dictionary, the concept of "innovation" is explained as follows: "Any new approach to the design, production or marketing of goods, with the result that the innovator or his company gain an advantage over competitors."

The origin of innovations, their purpose, influence, and other characteristics create a great variety, which requires a certain classification that will make their identification possible. There is a general (traditional) classification of innovations taking into account their development. We first consider the traditional classification scheme for various characteristics (Fig. 1).

rice 1 Classification of innovation

General (traditional) classification of innovations and innovative products.   The basis of its following features: 1. By source of ideas for innovation   can perform :    a) discovery, scientific idea, scientific theory, phenomenon; b) an invention, a number of inventions, licenses; c) rationalization proposals; d) other situations. 2 By sight innovations. Innovation in a tangible form can take the form of: a) a product, its design or device, system and mechanism; b) technology, method, method;

c) material, substance; d) living organisms, plants; e) building, building, structure, office, workshop or site, other architectural solutions; e) information product (project, research, development, program, etc .;

g) services; h) other decisions.

3. By scopes in the research and production process   in the field of industry, transport, communications and agriculture the following types of innovations are distinguished:

Research, which change the process in the field of R & D;

Technical or food products usually appear in production.

products with new or improved properties that lead to changes in the technology business processes at the consumer;

Technological occur when using improved, more advanced methods of manufacturing products, lead to changes in technology business processes at the consumer;

Information and communication, lead to changes in information processing technologies and communication technology at the consumer;

Marketing, which lead to changes in the study of markets and work on them, changes in the brands of goods and organizations;

Logistical, lead to changes in the organization of the movement of flows, supply and marketing.

Organizational and managerial, which lead to changes in the organizational mechanism and management system, improve them;

Socio-economic, legal and others that change the social, economic and legal conditions of the enterprise. four.   By application in the service sector:   a) education; b) catering; c) sports and youth; d) culture and shows; e) health care; (e) legal services and security; g) tourism; h) trade; i) financial services; k) others.

5. By the level of novelty   innovative goods and services can be distributed on the possessing features: a) global novelty; b) domestic novelty; c) industry novelty; g) new to the company; e) expansion of the existing range of goods, assortment, portfolio of goods and services; e) updated goods and services; g) goods and services with altered positioning; h) with reduced costs (production innovations). 6 By scale of distribution    innovation :    a) transnational; b) national economic and federal; c) regional; d) municipal; e) in the framework of associations and associations; e) within the organization; g) within a unit. 7 By impact latitude    innovation : a) global, world; b) national economic, national; c) industry; d) local. eight. By the pace of implementation   innovation :    a) fast, growing; b) slow, uniform; c) slow, fading. 9. By stage of the life cycle   innovation ,   which begins the innovation process for a given organization and with which it ends: a) research; b) development; c) industrial production; d) marketing; e) logistics; e) service support. ten. By the depth of the changes   highlight innovation :    a) radical or basic; b) improving; c) modification or private. eleven . By continuity:    a) opening, followed by a stream of new innovations on which the multiplier effect is based; b) closing, innovations covering a number of industries; c) substitutes; d) cancel;

e) retrospectives.

For the introduction of innovations in production, trade and other types of labor and services, various technologies are used, which later became called innovative.

1.2 Innovative technologies, their types and methods of implementation

Innovative technologies    - This is a set of methods and tools that support the stages of the implementation of innovations. There are various types of innovative technologies, such as implementation, training (training and incubation of small enterprises), consulting, transfer, engineering, and others.

Innovative technologies can be divided into two directions:

- revolutionary    (as the invention of a jet engine),

that is, the intellectual activity of creating a new product, aimed at meeting the demand, which is absent in the market, but may appear with the advent of this new product. That is, in fact, this is the creation of a new market. This is a radical, revolutionary path. The more revolutionary a project is proposed by a scientist, the longer the payback period of this project is, the more difficult it is to implement and position it on the market.

- evolutionary   (which simply improve the process or product).

In other words, it is a response to the needs of the market or a marketing option. The evolutionary also includes, naturally, various changes in the products available on the market. For example, changes that lead to lower production costs or make a more salable product. Evolution allows you to maximize the potential inherent in the idea of ​​an existing product and prepare the conditions for the transition to new ideas. Therefore, for sustainable and dynamic development, society needs a combination of evolutionary (marketing) and revolutionary (inventive) directions.

Innovative technologies are needed only when they clearly promise a financial breakthrough of the company, will be the "growth point" of the business. Innovation should play a crucial role in maximizing the profits of the enterprise. Chaotic and excessive innovation can become an unprofitable and destructive force for a successful business or, paradoxically, it will inhibit its development.

At the same time, the analysis of the impact of innovation on profitability should go in two directions. First, it is an analysis of the profit share of each innovative product in the total profit of the enterprise. Secondly, it is an elemental analysis of the increase in profits, which will consist of the increase in profits due to the expansion of the range of products sold, the increase in sales prices and lower costs for the purchase and delivery of goods. Such an analysis will allow not only to identify possible areas of innovation, but also to justify which of them is the most cost-effective.

Two are defined factor a   : "Size" and the stage of development of innovative technology.

By “size” of technology, we understand the potential volume of the product market and profitability, the amount of resources and time needed to refine the technology, the degree of reliability and protection of the technology.

The development stage determines the potential significance of the innovation technology at the moment and the associated risks (technological and commercial).

From the point of view of developers, a technology that seems like a beautiful and tempting idea is too unreliable, premature or inefficient for a business, and a good manager and his business prefer stability and less commercial risk.

In modern business, various kinds    Innovative technology:

Implementation − the spread of innovation; achievement of practical use of progressive ideas, inventions, results of scientific research (innovation). The introduction of innovations requires the restructuring of the existing production, retraining of workers, capital expenditures and at the same time is associated with the risk of not getting the desired result and incurring losses;

Engineering −    a complex of engineering and consulting services of a commercial nature for the preparation and provision of the production process itself, the maintenance of facilities, the operation of economic objects and the sale of products. Engineering covers all stages of the innovation cycle.

Training    (train, educate) −    systematic training or improvement of certain skills and behavior of training participants for the correct and competent use of innovative technologies. There are business communication training, sales training, perceptual training, behavioral training, sensitivity training, role training, video training, and others.

Consulting −    advising manufacturers, sellers, buyers in the field of technological, technical, innovation, expert activities. Services for market research and forecasting, development of marketing programs, and so on, are provided by specialized consulting companies.

Transfer −   transfer by one person to another person of ownership of registered securities, new technologies and innovative developments. The change of ownership of the paper is made by changing the entries in the registry.

The development of organizations occurs, as a rule, through the development of a variety of innovative technologies. These technologies can affect all areas of the organization. It should be noted that any sufficiently serious technologies in the same field of activity of the organization usually require immediate changes in the adjacent areas, and sometimes a general restructuring of the organizational and production structures.

There are several methods that are used in the implementation of innovative technologies:

1. Forced method   . Provides for the use of force to overcome resistance from personnel. This is a costly and undesirable process in social terms, but it gives advantages in time of strategic planning. It is used in conditions of a sharp shortage of time and only in those cases when the nature of the resistance is clear and no overt manifestation of force is required.

2. Adaptive Deviation Method . Under this approach, strategic changes occur through gradual minor changes over a long period. The process is not led by top management, but by a specially created project team. At any given moment there will be resistance, although there will still be a weak one. Conflicts are resolved by compromises, transactions and movements in the manual. This method is useful in the state of the environment, when the danger or opportunity is easy to foresee, and therefore there is no particular urgency in taking action. In case of extreme events in the environment, the method may be ineffective.

3. Crisis Management   . The method can be used in a situation where the administration is in a crisis situation, for example, changes in the external environment threaten its improvement and it is in a severe time pressure.

4. Resistance Control   . If the forced and adaptive methods are extreme measures of change, then this method is intermediate and can be implemented within the time dictated by the development of events in the external environment. The duration of the change process should take into account the time available. With the increase of urgency, this method approaches the compulsory, with a decrease in urgency - with the adaptive method of making changes.

Table 1

Comparison of methods of introducing innovative technologies

To make changes in the organization of commercial activities, the manager must perform the following tasks:

- analyze the force fields,

- identify the main forces of resistance to change and highlight their causes,

- use methods    to overcome resistance to change

1)   Force field analysis   . Manages change manager. He needs not only to plan the change, but also to convince the executors of the expediency of the innovation, that it will bring benefits, and also to neutralize the actions of the opponents of the change.

When analyzing the situation it is useful to highlight driving forces   , that is, forces causing and / or contributing to change, and deterrent forces   whose action is against change. Of course, it is important to take into account the relative "power" of forces.

If the driving and restraining forces are equal, then nothing happens. In order to break the balance in favor of change, the manager needs to strengthen the driving forces and weaken the restraining. For this, first of all it is useful to identify potential for change , that is, potential forces that are able to become the driving forces of change, but at the present time are not yet operational. To awaken this potential is the task of the manager.

2) The main forces of resistance to change   . There are four main reasons for resistance to change:

1. ownership interest

2. misunderstanding of the situation

3. different assessment of the situation

4. low tolerance for change.

1. Private interest    - this is, in particular, the expectation by certain people of the loss of something valuable (money, status, etc.) as a result of changes. Such expectations are not always justified, and the manager is able to explain the real consequences of the change and propose any compensatory measures. On the other hand, if, as a result of the reorganization of the governing body, a particular official is deprived of the opportunity to take bribes (for example, as a result of a change in the workflow, rationalization of decision-making processes or increased control), he will always fight against such reorganization in various ways and using various arguments.

2. Misunderstanding of the situation    usually associated with an incorrect interpretation of the intentions of the leadership, a low degree of trust in it, or even a complete lack of trust. For example, when citizens do not trust the leadership of the city, any actions of this guide will come up against their passive or active resistance, even if the objectively proposed innovations benefit the citizens. The manager is able to effectively deal with the misunderstanding of the situation, actively explaining the real essence of innovation both at meetings and individually.

3. Different assessment of the situation employees compared with management leads to an unfavorable perception of innovation. It is usually based on the availability of important information, which, in their opinion, is unknown to management. If such employees express open disagreement, then the problem of their resistance to innovation can be removed by discussion. The information they have will be brought to the management and thoroughly discussed. As a result, either they will be convinced that their doubts are unfounded, or the innovation plans will be amended in accordance with the newly received information, or a fundamental divergence of positions will be established, with the result that the employee will have to change his position or company. Worse, if a different assessment of the situation by employees does not manifest itself in an open disagreement. Then the manager will have to apply their "diplomatic" skills. In order, first, to find opposition, and second, to understand its causes. Further actions of the manager - as in the previous case.

4. Low tolerance for change    can be based on the natural conservatism of people, unwillingness to change anything (the desire to save efforts), or on the fear that in the situation created after the introduction of innovation, there will be a lack of their knowledge, skills, skills or abilities. The manager is able to increase tolerance to change, explaining its benefits for the organization as a whole and for each specific employee, in particular, analyzing the duties of the employee after the implementation of the innovation.

3) Methods for overcoming resistance to change   . A manager can apply various methods to overcome resistance to change:

- provision of information

- employee involvement

- help and support

- negotiations

- manipulation

- “co-optation”

- coercion

Provision of information -   one of the most natural methods.

On the upcoming technology innovation is described in detail to all employees of the organization. If the manager succeeds in convincing people, they will in many cases assist the organization’s management in making change. However, this approach can be time consuming and labor intensive if technology affects many people.

Another method − involvement of employees in the design and implementation of innovative technology . In this case, the manager determines only the main positions, leaving the details to employees. People who are involved in the design of a new technology will have a sense of responsibility for making the change. On the other hand, this approach may also require a lot of time and labor. Especially if participants design inappropriate changes that are not in line with the manager’s overall plan, and as a result, he will have to expend a lot of effort to direct the energy of his assistants on the right track.

Help and support    The manager can be a very effective tool if people resist due to problems adapting to new conditions. However, it is possible that not all employees will be able to adapt, and they will have to leave.

Negotiations with individuals and their groups    (divisions, trade unions), with fellow managers, concluding with a written agreement, make it possible to reach compromises when, instead of real or imagined losses during innovation, the parties get improvements in other aspects of life and work. A written contract allows you to avoid conflicts in the future. However, the success of some negotiations may provoke demands for such negotiations with other groups and delay the transformation process.

The four methods listed are quite honest and open. However, managers often use methods that cannot always be approved from an ethical point of view.

One of them − manipulation    people with selective use of information and conscious presentation of events in a certain order. For example, positive aspects of innovation are bulging up and negative ones are hidden (for certain groups of employees), that is, one-sided information is provided, on the basis of which people are involved in innovation, without imagining all the consequences.

Another option is the so-called "cooptation"   in which the support of innovation by respected persons (for example, the CEO) or groups (for example, the Board of the company) is achieved by their false participation in the design of innovation. For example, a firm’s CEO may chair an innovation technology meeting, and its Board may −   discuss innovation. But at the same time, technology initiators do not really want to involve the CEO and the Board in the design and implementation of technology; they only want to enlist their support. In the same time − this is a hoax - ordinary employees have the impression that innovation is being carried out under the direction of the CEO and the Board. A common practice to begin with the described method is, for example, scientific conferences with speeches by respected people - mayors of cities, rectors of universities and others - who have only one drawback - complete incompetence in the problems the conference deals with. That is why these respected people disappear soon after their presentation on general issues.

Exists implicit or coercive method   when the manager forces to accept innovation under the threat of losing his post, job and other benefits. An analogue in relations between states is the use of armed force, that is, war. Employees, defeated and enslaved by the manager, can accept, but in the future you can not count on friendly cooperation. On the other hand, one cannot do without coercion if it is necessary to quickly carry out unpopular changes dictated by the external situation.

The most common mistake of managers is to use one or a small number of methods regardless of the situation. The second most common error −    the divide and conquer method, which, with possible short-term effectiveness, leads to major problems in the long term.

A large number of innovative projects remain unfinished or do not give the expected results, because firms are unable to implement this innovative technology. This is because the staff of the enterprise is not sufficiently prepared for the innovation process. Under preparation    is understood a series of events   that contribute to employee understanding of the importance and need for innovation. Among such events may be:

conversations explaining the goals of innovation and the process of implementation itself;

meetings at various levels of leadership, where there is an exchange of experience in introducing innovations;

meetings and meetings between various firms that have implemented such innovations;

an explanation of the benefits that are provided in connection with this implementation;

stimulation of the development of innovative ideas among the entire personnel of the enterprise, and not only among certain groups of individuals;

encouragement and motivation of employees to develop and introduce innovations.

In knowledge-intensive industries, the top management of the company must be involved in managing the development and use of new technology.

Speaking of innovative technologies and how to implement them, we should not forget about such an important factor as susceptibility to these technologies. The susceptibility of organizations decreases with increasing production and the development of organizational structures, the prevalence of large-scale and mass types of production and sale. The greater the volume of production and sales, the higher the level of manufactured and sold products, the more difficult the organization of commercial activity and production is amenable to restructuring.

Small, highly specialized organizations have the greatest susceptibility to new technologies. They are specialized in meeting the specific needs of consumers and have the ability to adapt flexibly depending on the nature and pace of development of industrial production. Their organizational management structures are the most mobile and sensitive to modern scientific and technical trends and organizational and economic innovations.

1.3 Stages of introduction of innovative technologies

The development of the innovation activity of enterprises in Russia is extremely complicated by the unsuitability of the previous system of innovation management to the new economic conditions. The large-scale restructuring of property, the reorganization of production, the conversion of the defense industry pose problems for the survival of enterprises and their economic growth. The innovation policy of enterprises should be aimed at increasing the production of fundamentally new types of products and technologies, expanding the sales of domestic goods, and this requires the formation and development of innovative entrepreneurship.

Very often, the need for innovation originates within the organization itself. In practice, there are such situations when an enterprise itself becomes at the same time a developer and a consumer of innovative technologies. Innovative technologies are stimulated by increasing demand for products and increasing sales, as well as the possible increase in prices for certain types of resources.

Quite often the organization, having introduced innovative technologies, then distributes them on a commercial basis in other organizations. The speed of their distribution (diffusion) depends on the relative need for investment and the effectiveness of each innovation. At the same time, the greater the number of organizations used this innovation, the higher the losses of those organizations that did not use it. It also speeds up the distribution process.

The positive effect of the introduction of innovative technologies is obvious. This, as a rule, is a rapid and significant increase in labor productivity, equal to grocery and further higher commercial effect, a high proportion of productivity gains. All this is due to the improvement of technological processes. Due to the fact that technological innovations provide a reduction in production costs, and in the future and prices, the producers who have a higher market share in product sales receive the greatest benefits from these innovations.

The most important prerequisite for accelerating the introduction of innovations and raising their scientific and technical level are rapidly developing computer technologies. Development and implementation of innovation is becoming one of the main directions of the organization’s strategy, as it determines many areas of its development.

The implementation of innovation activities in general implies such stages ,    as:

Development of plans and programs for innovation activities;

Monitoring the progress of innovation development and its implementation;

Consideration of innovation development projects;

Conducting a single innovation policy;

Coordination of innovation activities in functional and production units;

Providing financial and material and technical resources;

Ensuring the development of innovation with qualified personnel;

Creation of temporary target groups for a comprehensive solution of innovative problems - from goal to innovation.

To date, a large number of large organizations have created the so-called scientific and technical complexes that allow the development and implementation of innovative technologies in production. Assessing the innovative potential of his company, the head determines his ability to conduct innovation, that is, he answers for himself to the question whether the enterprise is capable of introducing innovations. The next step towards the organization of innovation in the enterprise should be the development of innovative goals. Such goals can be: increase of competitiveness and consolidation in new markets by improving existing products or creating a fundamentally new product; reduction of production costs by saving raw materials, energy, etc. based on the use of new technologies.

Here, enterprises should take an important strategic decision: to acquire innovative technologies on the side or to develop independently. In the first case, the enterprise, as a rule, establishes a strategic partnership with a specialized research or design organization. It should be borne in mind that the one-time acquisition of technology will require the accumulation of significant financial resources in a relatively short period of time. To make the most effective use of financial investments, a thorough scan of the market for new technologies and a detailed analysis of the database of organizations specializing in innovative technologies will be required.

In the second case, it seems appropriate to create your own research and innovation division. Compared with the acquisition of new technology, this approach avoids large one-time costs, as the amount of investment is stretched over time. At the same time, a new subdivision, depending on the sectoral affiliation of the enterprise, can be created by reorganizing the service of the chief technologist or design department.

During the reorganization of commercial activities usually allocate five stages of change :

Preparation (planning)

- "defrosting" (preparing the company for change),

Direct implementation of change,

- "freezing" (consolidation of the results of transformations) and evaluation of the results of the innovation.

These stages include such actions as:

At the preparation stage:

Determination of the main content and level of change;

Preparation of a preliminary change plan aimed at achieving certain improvements;

An analysis of the driving and restraining forces and the potential for change support;

Determining who exactly will be affected by the changes, what are the reasons for possible resistance;

Decisions who else needs to be involved in planning the change process;

Choosing a change strategy and methods for overcoming resistance;

Isolation and analysis of problems that are likely to be caused by innovative technology;

Developing a realistic implementation plan for the change and determining the criteria by which the change will be monitored and evaluated;

Determination of the necessary resources (human, temporary, financial, material and others), including external consultants.

At the "defrost" stage:

Allocating time to relieve psychological stress in the organization;

Selection of methods for training and informing employees in accordance with the change strategy;

Monitoring progress in the preparation of changes, and, if necessary, the correction of approaches and plans.

At the change stage:

Changing only what is needed to achieve the desired improvement;

The presence of sufficient reserves of time and other resources in case of unexpected difficulties;

A possible change in strategy if, as experience suggests (yours, employees or consultants), this will contribute to the success of the introduction of innovative technology;

Informing employees of the company about the success of transformations.

At the "freezing" stage:

The allocation of the necessary resources to consolidate, "preserve" the actions carried out at the stage of change;

Consideration of the issue of further training (for work in new conditions) and / or employment of employees;

Implementation of plans (on the use of results of innovation), taking into account the situation.

At the assessment stage:

Conducting research on the effects of changing and perceiving these effects;

Maintaining feedback to those who are affected by the changes, both within the firm and outside it;

Informing (employees, company management, external environment, mass media and others) about the results of the innovation.

In order to reduce time, some companies have attempted to introduce the principle of “simultaneous product development” by functional units. So when the company Ford    changed the sequence of consideration of the project and sent it in parallel to the technical and financial departments, saving time was three and a half months. It was also recommended in the literature to go through the development stages of a new product in parallel, however, a detailed outline of such a process was not presented. There is a model of parallel-sequential output of innovation to the market, the essence of which is convenient to consider using a conventional scheme (see. Fig. 2)

figure 2. Model of the innovation process

The diagram shows an approximate the process of developing and introducing a new product to the market   . The path from the birth of the idea to its practical implementation consists of ten steps, which can be combined into three key stages:

Generation and selection of ideas;

Analysis, testing and approbation of the proposed idea;

Control of the strategic perspective of a new product, commercialization of innovation, receiving and redistributing profits.

Analyzing world experience, it should be expected that at the stage of economic growth in Russia, a tendency will begin to appear towards reorienting the direction of scientific, technical and production and marketing activities in the innovation policy of industrial organizations, as time requires the creation of new generations of high-tech products, level of world standards.

1.4 Regulatory framework for the introduction of innovative technologies

Regulatory regulation of innovation activity is carried out on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with them, as well as international treaties of the Russian Federation related to innovation activities. The basis of this regulation is the legal protection of the results obtained in the course of innovation activities. Since these results are new intellectual products and technologies, they appear as objects of intellectual property. Their legal protection is carried out on the basis of the requirements for the protection of intellectual property established by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Patent Law of the Russian Federation and other legislative acts in the field of intellectual property protection.

Regulation of innovation occurs on the basis of:

Innovative forecasts

Innovative Strategies

Innovative programs

Innovative projects.

Programs and projects support innovation.

Based on the innovation strategy, the Government of the Russian Federation is developing a state innovation program, which is an integral part of the program for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the medium term.

The state (federal) innovation program includes:

Federal targeted innovation programs for the most important basic innovations,

Large innovative projects,

Federal programs to support innovation, development of innovation infrastructure.

State regulation of innovation activity is carried out using various legal forms and methods. The main legal form of state regulation are legal acts. These are numerous regulatory legal acts regulating the procedure for creating and introducing innovations, as well as other acts aimed at creating a market innovation infrastructure:

Federal Law "On Science and State Science and Technology Policy" (August 23, 1996 N 127-ФЗ)

The main directions of the policy of the Russian Federation in the development of the innovation system for the period up to 2010.

The main directions of the state investment policy of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology

Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of the development of science and technology for the period up to 2010 and beyond

State regulation of innovation can be direct (policy) and indirect, with the use of economic levers and incentives. Figure 3 shows the detailed and most reasonable scheme of state support for innovation activities, in which the methods, measures and norms of legislation are visually examined.

The state supports and stimulates innovation by:

Improving the legislative and regulatory framework for regulating innovation activities;

Participation in financing from the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and state extra-budgetary funds for innovative programs and projects, as well as the creation of innovative infrastructure facilities, including for the development of small and medium-sized innovative entrepreneurship;

fig.3. Government measures to influence innovation

The organization of procurement for government needs of high-tech products and advanced technology in order to ensure their distribution;

Creation of preferential conditions for the implementation of innovation activities and stimulation of Russian and foreign investors who invest in the implementation of innovative programs and projects in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The state carries out all types of regulation of innovation activity - organizational, economic, financial, regulatory and legal. The highest form of regulatory activity -   This is the development and implementation of innovation policy, innovation management. Such a policy is developed on the basis of the approval of the priority importance of innovation activities for modern social development. The state creates organizational, economic and legal conditions for innovation.

Vladimir Putin signed Federal Law N 195-ФЗ On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation with regard to the Formation of Favorable Tax Conditions for Financing Innovation Activities »

Federal law provides for taxpayers engaged in financing innovation activities, additional preferences and privileges on value added tax, corporate income tax and a single tax paid when using the simplified tax system.

In particular, the sale of (transfer) exclusive rights to inventions, industrial designs, utility models, programs and databases are exempted from value-added tax, and the list of research and development and exemption from this tax is determined.

The Government of the Russian Federation is given the authority to approve an additional list of funds supporting scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, whose funds received by organizations within the framework of targeted financing are not included in the tax base for corporate income tax.

The coefficient of accelerated depreciation is introduced in relation to the property used for scientific and technological activities, as well as the increase in the standard costs in the form of contributions to the formation of the Russian Fund for Technological Development and other funds for research and development.

In the interests of taxpayers who apply the simplified taxation system, the possibility of including the costs of patenting, research and development activities as expenses.

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, speaking of the Russian innovation system, noted that “on the one hand, we have already created and operate its main elements, however, the tools to support innovation are weakly linked to each other, and the individual parts of the technological cycle are disconnected and poorly connected to each other. In essence, this is not a system, but a set of similar, but separate things, and therefore infrastructure elements already created in our country cannot play decisive roles in the promotion of innovative products, and as a result both the scale and the return on investment innovational activity remains low ".

The elected president recalled that in Russia "the share of industrial enterprises engaged in the development and introduction of technological innovations does not exceed 10%, while the share of innovative products in the total volume of industrial output is only 5.5%." In connection with this, he set the task: to increase the share of enterprises implementing technological innovations to 40-50%, and the share of innovative industrial products / in the volume of output / -    up to 25-35%. At the same time, the internal costs of research and development should grow from the current 1% of GDP to 3%, and first of all -   by increasing the costs of private business in science.

D. Medvedev stressed that "these are absolutely real guidelines on which the domestic innovation system should go as early as 2020". "This is our direct responsibility, and the program ensuring their unconditional achievement should be one of the key sections of the concept of socio-economic development of the country until 2020", -   he said.

He also noted that the effectiveness of the innovation system depends "on an objective knowledge of global development trends." According to him, the forecasting is “conducted separately in our country, according to individual industries and technological areas, and the calculations themselves sometimes do not agree with each other.” The elected president of the Russian Federation set the task of “developing an objective long-term forecast of the country's scientific and technological development,” and by 2030. In addition, it is necessary to overcome the “disunity of the scientific and corporate sectors of the innovation system”.

To solve these problems, it is necessary to adopt the laws "On Technology Transfer" and "On Patent Attorneys" as soon as possible. "They contain legal norms that will stimulate innovation," -   D. Medvedev explained. "In addition, it is necessary to increase the demand of the real sector of the economy for technology and innovation, -   convinced he is. -   Owning and disposing of them should be a profitable asset that can dramatically increase the capitalization of enterprises. "

Development of the innovation system -   "this is, in fact, a structural shift in the Russian economy and a real way out to a model that allows achieving faster development." And this is “the goal that most countries set,” Medvedev stressed.

findings

In the course of consideration of the theoretical foundations of innovative technologies in trading activities, the following conclusions can be drawn:

- Under the innovation In a broad sense, the profitable use of innovations in the form of new technologies, types of products and services, organizational, technical and socio-economic decisions of a production, financial, commercial, administrative or other nature is understood.

technology innovative . Innovative technologies -   This is a set of methods and tools that support the stages of implementation of innovations. There are various types of innovative technologies, such as implementation, training (training and incubation of small enterprises), consulting, transfer, auditing, engineering, and others.

The state carries out all types of regulation of innovation activity. The regulatory framework for innovation activity is provided by such regulations as the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with it, as well as international treaties of the Russian Federation relating to innovation activity.

Therefore, the creation of necessary and sufficient conditions for the rational organization of the introduction of innovative technologies in commercial activities will allow the organization as a whole to increase the competitiveness of the products produced and products sold and the profitability of its activities.

Chapter 2. Development of measures for the introduction of innovative technologies in the organization of commercial activities (for example, the furniture store "Max" IP Volkov MV)

2.1 Characteristics of the object of study

The object of this study is a shop of upholstered and cabinet furniture “Max” IP Volkov (hereinafter simply “Max” shop), which was formed in January 2008, and is located at the address: Ivanovo Region, Ivanovo, ul. Kuznetsova 11/38.

The Max shop is a legal entity and builds its business on the basis of a registration certificate and current legislation of the Russian Federation.

The shop sells upholstered and cabinet furniture, and interior items. Buyers are provided with a large range of products and a wide range of services for the delivery, installation and assembly of furniture, as well as clarification of functionality, features and warranty service.

The shop owns separate property, as well as being leased on a contractual basis and accounted for on its independent balance sheet, can, on its own behalf, acquire and exercise property and personal non-property rights, perform duties, be a plaintiff and a defendant in court.

The Max shop has the right to have stamps and forms with its brand name, its own emblem, as well as a trademark registered in the established manner and other means of visual identification.

The main purpose of the store is to make a profit. For profit and for their own needs, they are entitled to carry out any activities not prohibited by law.

The main activities of the store are:

Realization of furniture of various manufacturing companies (furniture from Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Vichuga, etc.);

The implementation of interior items (paintings, tapestries);

Delivery of furniture to customers' home and offices;

Bringing furniture to the floors;

Furniture assembly at home and in clients' offices;

Warranty maintenance of furniture during the lifetime;

The work is headed by the director of the store -   Volkov Maxim Vladimirovich. He is responsible for several salesmen, accountants and technical staff. Sellers perform the role of consultants, cashiers, porters and carry out other tasks for the sale and maintenance of furniture. They report for the work they have done and provide a daily report that contains data on the volume of sales, information on store attendance, demand for a particular product, rental costs of the store, security, etc.

The duties of sales assistants include:

Monitor the appearance of the store. It is necessary that buyers feel comfortable, at ease. A good aesthetic perception of the store contributes to the benevolent and trustful location of customers to the whole organization,

Engage in the placement of goods and price tags. It is necessary to group the goods in such a way that customers can easily find the products they are interested in and extract maximum information from the price tags,

Know the information about the timing of delivery of goods, to inform customers, if at the moment the goods are missing,

To create a book of orders in the course of working with clients,

Work with suppliers. Conclude contracts for the supply of products on the most favorable terms

Monitor the work of technical staff,

To be a qualified and trained employee, by quantitative characteristics, to know the volumes of products sold, by qualitative characteristics — the ability to interest the buyer, answer all their questions and create psychological comfort.

The interaction with the senior management and customers, as well as the work that the sellers do can be reflected in the diagram presented in Fig. four.

fig 4. Organizational structure of commercial activity

In order to effectively fulfill their function, employees of the Max shop should have certain knowledge in the field of psychology and be able to plan the structure of inventory values ​​so that customers can always see in the assortment what they are interested in at the moment. advanced training. The Max furniture store works with various suppliers, not only in the Ivanovo region, but also in other regions of the country. Mainly upholstered and cabinet furniture comes in for sale, and a minor emphasis is placed on kitchen and office furniture. The shop works both with exhibition goods and sale by catalogs. The main range is presented in table 2.

Table 2 - Characteristics of the range of the store "Max".

Name	Overall dimensions, cm		Manufacturer	Material	price, rub.
"Solo" sofa
"Solo" chair				Upholstery-rip velor, flock-artificial
"Fantasy - 1" sofa - book				Upholstery-rip velor, flock-artificial
"Fantasy - 1" chair				Upholstery-rip velor, flock-artificial
"Gamma" corner sofa				Upholstery - flock on flock, woven shinil
"Gamma" couch children				Upholstery - multishinil, laser light
"Slav-9" wall			Kostroma
"Plot 1" wall			Kostroma
"Arch 15M" wall			Kostroma
"Arch 16M" wall			Kostroma
"Ipaty 6 DM" wall			Kostroma
Bookcase			Taganrog	Wood + MDF
			Taganrog	Wood + MDF
Corner cabinet			Taganrog	Wood + MDF
Corner cupboard			Taganrog	Wood + MDF
Side table			Taganrog	Wood + MDF
Wardrobe left
Wardrobe (open with hooks)				PSP lined with synthetic facing material
Case for a dress and linen 4-door				PSP lined with synthetic facing material

The working microclimate in the store is benevolent; there is mutual understanding and friendship among the employees regardless of the position in the management hierarchy. But at the same time, each employee knows his rights and obligations, strives to fulfill them in accordance with the requirements. If you have questions, then ask each other for help is not considered shameful, but, on the contrary, this behavior is welcome.

2.3 Analysis and evaluation of innovative activity of the enterprise

Given the current situation in the furniture markets of the central region, you can see a characteristic feature - the range is overwhelmingly represented by products of domestic production, and the share of import manufacturers is extremely small. The realization of furniture in the Ivanovo region is mainly represented by such brands as “Your Day” (Kostroma), “Alexander-Mebel” (Ivanovo), “Vichuga”, “Ariadna” (Nizhny Novgorod), which have proven themselves in Russian conditions. But recently, analyzing the market offers, it can be concluded that there has been a tendency to import imported furniture of other brands (Red apple, Linea Italiana, Master Berg, San Marino, etc.). Consequently, the range of furniture of other brands will constantly grow.

Over time, furniture products are improved and modified. For its production, various electronic and innovative technologies have been used to ensure reliability and durability, to assist in finding the right options, assembly options, colors, as well as reducing buyers' costs of shopping and saving time.

In order to successfully fit into the existing market situation it is necessary to properly assess your place in it. It is necessary to clearly understand how the internal potential of the organization corresponds to the current market needs.

Conducting an analysis of commercial activity in the Max furniture store, I would like to highlight several parameters of an enterprise’s innovation activity, according to the general classification of innovations:

1. The company sells new types of product, its design, devices, systems and mechanisms;

2. uses new technologies for the sale of goods, methods and methods of implementation;

3. sells products made from new types of materials;

4. has modern equipment in use;

Will consider new species product, its design, devices, systems and mechanisms.    Implementing various types of upholstered furniture, the company also offers the buyer a variety of mechanisms for their transformation, which help in a matter of seconds to turn a comfortable sofa into a double bed. First of all, you need to know that the sofas on the transformation mechanisms are divided into two groups - "guest" and "universal." “Guest” is not intended for daily use, their purpose is to create additional places for delayed guests. "Universal" should serve daily, or rather weekly.

Universal sofas:

By the principle of action it looks like a well-known “book”: the seat is pushed forward, opening the linen drawer, and the back “falls” into the empty seat. Such a sofa can be placed close to the wall. But: the seat at the nomination "goes" on the floor, and when unfolded, these sofas are rather bulky. However, these shortcomings are compensated by a full, maximally spacious sleeping place, the height of which corresponds to the bed. "Eurobook" on the basis of beech guides and spring blocks can be considered one of the most durable and durable mechanisms.

sedalift.

"Dolphin" ("Kangaroo"):

It is applied in all corner folding sofas. First, an additional section rolls out from under the main seat. Then it lifts up for a special loop and is installed in the same plane with the main seat, thus forming a full-fledged sleeping place. The manipulations themselves resemble the movement of a diving dolphin, hence the name. This is a reliable and simple mechanism that can be controlled by a child. "Dolphin" can withstand a large load and is well suited for continuous use, although it, like all "leaving" sofas, is difficult to lay out on carpets with high pile. The bed is smooth, high and spacious. In the corner sofas, usually there is a rather roomy linen drawer, which, unfortunately, is impossible in straight sofas with a “dolphin” (see below the mechanism "Vykatnoy")

"Breeze": -

"Vykatnoy"    - Another mechanism designed for daily use. This mechanism allows you to get a sofa of relatively small size when assembled, as approximately 1/3 of the berth retracts into the back and 1/3 under the seat. But, unfortunately, the mechanism allows you to get a bed with a height of no more than 25-30 cm against the usual 40.

"Vykatnaya":

Variety "vykatnogo "- "Telescope":

It allows you to get a sofa enough miniature dimensions (assembled): 2/3 of the berth is in the seat and 1/3 in the back. It works as follows: first, behind the tsarg (lower front panel), the seat itself is pulled out forward, consisting of two parts, one above the other. The third part, which will be the headrest, hiding in the back. Usually, the models have a small laundry box. It should be remembered that the specificity of the mechanism does not make it possible to make the bed habitually high (20–28 cm instead of 40 cm), and about 70% of the “vykatny” sofas sin with a height difference between the bed and the softness of individual parts of the assembled mattress.

"Accordion":   Easily folds forward, on the principle of an accordion. It is necessary to raise the seat (until it clicks), and then the berth leaves itself. The assembled sofa occupies a minimum area. The bed is even and high. Most often, the "Accordion" has removable covers on all elements and allows you to embed a small box for laundry. In the models of the last generation, extension of armrests, backrest, decorative tables, etc. is possible. Make sure that the carpet does not interfere with the easy sliding of the sofa, otherwise you risk ruining the mechanism.

"Accordion" - the extraordinary ease of folding the sofa - this is its main advantage. With one hand forward, the sofa turns into a comfortable bed. The bed is high and level. A spacious linen box makes the sofa functional, and the presence of removable accessories (armrests and backs) allows you to change the look of the sofa depending on your mood.

"Click-klyak"

The most famous universal sofa is considered to be the “book” (or “click-click”). Such a mechanism is simple in everyday life, but sofas based on this mechanism cannot be placed close to the wall, a 20 cm gap is necessary for the backrest free movement. The variety of forms of sofas based on this mechanism, alas, also do not differ, but the price is also low. Ease of folding, roomy laundry box - this is undoubtedly the winning side of the click-click mechanism. When choosing such a model, pay attention to the retractable support legs - if they are not there, you risk, sitting together on the edge of the unfolded sofa, to end up on the floor.

The characteristic sound accompanying the transformation process served as the name of a later modification of the “book” mechanism - “click-klyak” (it is improved and has the third back position - “relax” when the body is reclining, and is often equipped with movable armrests, which also can be decomposed). The “book” and “click-click” are displayed by folding the backrest backwards and by slightly pushing the seat forward. The “book” is not considered particularly reliable, since its locks are made of an insufficiently hard metal and relatively quickly wear out. The click-click mechanism is simple and reliable, but it cannot be placed close to the wall. The positive properties of the “book” and “click-clak” are extremely easy to use, the bed is quite level, with constant folding, the fluffy carpet or expensive parquet will not suffer. "Click-clack" allows you to "put" removable covers on the sofa and build in a wooden or fabric box for linen.

"Tango":

Option mechanism "click-klyak"

Guest sofas

"Cot"

The variety works on the principle of unfolding a scroll. Foam mattress and clamshell placed inside the seat. When you pull the loop hidden in it, the sofa unfolds. The transformation mechanism here allows manufacturers not to limit themselves to design delights, respectively, the models are more original and representative in appearance. This version of the sofa is recommended for living rooms. In the Russian market there are "French" ("miksotual"), "American" and "Italian folding beds." The “French cot” is “unfolding” in three stages with the seat cushions removed. "American folding bed" - the same, but in two stages. The “Italian folding bed” is the most expensive and is considered the most reliable among the “folding beds”; it is a double “shifter” that does not require the removal of the seat cushions. In general, the transformation process of clamshells is a bit tedious. Another disadvantage of the sofa -   "Scroll": there is no place to store linens. However, it is very comfortable to sleep on these sofas. Foam mattress. All mechanisms are supplied with an orthopedic lattice (pine or beech).

The company uses new technology sales of goods, methods and methods of implementation. All products are on display to customers, that is, the entire store is a complete showcase of goods that attracts the attention of passing customers. In contrast to the outdated, but the most popular, direct method of selling goods, this trading company uses progressive methods of selling:

Sale with an open exhibition of goods;

Sale of goods pre-ordered on the sample;

According to the principle of free access of buyers to the goods;

Sale of goods with an open exhibition    both on counters and counters, as well as on stands and other types of equipment in the sales area, the buyer selects the goods independently, and the salesperson behind the counter or in the sales area gives the necessary information, counts the purchase price, receives money and packs goods. With this method of selling goods, there is no need for cashiers.

This method of trading is convenient for buyers, since they do not have to walk around the sales area from the seller to the checkout, and then back to the seller. Free access of buyers to the product and the selection of it speed up the process of service, increase the throughput of the store, reduce the costs of circulation, contributes to an increase in turnover.

Sales of pre-ordered items   as follows. The buyer gets acquainted with the range of new collections in the catalog, and then orders the goods he likes. The seller takes the order and sends it to the director. The director then sends this order over the Internet to the supplier and after some time the goods arrive at the store.

The sale of goods according to samples is characterized by the fact that the buyer, having familiarized himself with a sample of a product, pays for its cost and receives or orders another copy of the selected product at the store. Such a view makes it possible to rationally use the area of ​​the sales area, more broadly show products by their models, sizes, colors, colors and prices. When selling furniture samples, there is no need to import all these bulky goods to the store. Paying the selected sample, the buyer receives the purchased products delivered to your home directly from the bases or directly from the manufacturers. This method of trade reduces unnecessary transportation, preserves the quality of the goods, creates conditions for a wider display of goods.

Sale of goods with free access to them buyers, provides an opportunity for an independent free choice of goods with the least expenditure of time. An active assistant to the buyer is the seller-consultant who helps to choose a product, pay for the purchased purchase, pack it and hand it over to the buyer.

The main requirements for the proper organization of the sale of goods with free access to them are the following:

1. the buyer must see well all the goods laid out (posted) or placed in the sales area;

2. the store should be organized good oral and dumb information that would help buyers quickly buy the necessary goods;

3. goods must be laid out and placed in groups, types, sizes and prices;

4. The range of products in the workplace of the seller must be constantly updated.

In Soviet times, the main material for making furniture was wood. The main material of modern furniture production are various types of wood-based panels. Products sold by Max are made of new types of materials.

Currently, the company specializes in selling:

A wide range of kitchen sets with MDF PVC facades, soft forming, laminate;

Cabinet furniture (walls-slides of MDV PVC, etc.).

The most common furniture material in Russia is chipboard, which is made from sawmill, woodworking and plywood production.

Fiberboard (MDF) is a sheet material produced during the hot pressing process of a mass of wood fibers formed in the form of a carpet.

MDF is a plate material made from dried wood fibers, treated with synthetic binders and formed in the form of a carpet, followed by hot pressing (density of 700-870 kg / m 3 cube) and grinding. This is a more progressive slab material compared to particleboard and fiberboard.

MDF is widely used in the manufacture of kitchen furniture, because they very well tolerate the effects of kitchen steam - do not swell, do not warp. And the high mechanical strength of MDF allows them to be used in the manufacture of furniture facades. Moreover, many experts are inclined to believe that MDF boards are superior to natural wood in moisture resistance and mechanical characteristics. Another feature of MDF boards is their resistance to various fungi and microorganisms, which makes MDF products hygienic and safe in everyday life.

Another important aspect is the cost of the material. MDF products often cost 60-70 percent less than similar solid wood products. Sometimes MDF costs the buyer half as much as whole lumber. MDF boards are veneered with natural or synthetic veneer, paper-resin film, PVC film (polyvinyl chloride). Lining of MDF laminate is very popular. Laminate coating makes MDF more durable, and a variety of colors and textures of the coating can satisfy the most exacting taste.

In addition, MDF is soft enough material and makes available any processing methods, so you can make a beautiful panel, rounded corners. Therefore, it is the favorite front material of modern designers. Carved kitchen cabinets, elegant headboards - all this is MDF furniture. MDF plates - an excellent environmentally friendly material for the production of environmentally friendly, durable, durable and beautiful furniture.

The modern stylistic and color variety of furniture is achieved through the use of protective and decorative coatings. The most widely used technologies for the production of laminated and laminated plates.

Lamination    - cladding with films based on papers impregnated with melamine resins, cured by high temperatures and pressures. This coating is scratch resistant to chemicals.

Under kashirovaniem    in the furniture industry, wood paneling is understood with polymer film or paper-resin film with full polycondensation of the resin and subsequent application of a layer of paint and varnish material.

Softforming    - manufacturing technology of laminated chipboard used to create furniture facades.

Recently, the company has been acquired new types of cash equipment   that meet all Russian and international standards. The first requirement for cash registers is the need to work with the so-called “periphery”, namely the presence of a display, a barcode scanner, as well as a credit card reader. Another important criterion is the delivery of specific software with the equipment. These are programs that support Front-office, which allows you to synchronize the work of the cash register with each other, a computer, processes data received from each cash register, and also implements fiscal functions.

Gaining momentum sales, the company continues to expand the market for its products. At present, strong business long-term relationships have been established with furniture stores and furniture manufacturers in such Russian cities as Nizhny Novgorod, Rybinsk, Vladimir, Kostroma, Vichuga, Yaroslavl, etc. The company's products enjoy a well-deserved success in Ivanovo, where the company has its own retail network, in which 2 furniture stores function successfully.

The company conducts a fairly active innovation policy at its own expense. At the moment, there is a search for funds for the purchase of an innovative technology of the new generation - Virtual showroom "ELARBIS-Vision", which will simplify and speed up the process of choosing the necessary furniture decoration option. This is a convenient and effective tool. It allows you to brightly demonstrate on the computer screen realistic 3D models of furniture in various designs. The showroom "ELARBIS-Vision" allows you to review the selected models in detail and see them in various finishes. It can be a tool for demonstrating new products and determining the demand for them. Thanks to this innovative software, the innovation activity of an enterprise engaged in the sale of furniture can proceed in three directions, which also imply the possibility of their inclusion in the project of innovative development of the enterprise:

The introduction of new methods of implementation, innovative marketing of furniture industry products, innovations in the advertising of furniture.

Development of new and improvement of old methods of procurement of goods, optimization of the procurement cycle;

Improving the way of assembling and installing furniture;

Development and introduction of new sets of furniture, development of new design and furniture designs;

The company conducts active work in the first two of these areas. The company is improving methods of implementation, as well as a set of qualified specialists for the development of new models and furniture designs, taking into account the wishes of customers.

Considering all the above factors, the innovative activity of an enterprise can be assessed as rather high and progressive.

2.4 Development of measures for the introduction of innovative technologies in the organization of commercial activities

An analysis of the organization of the commercial activity of an enterprise revealed significant shortcomings - insufficient attention is paid to the innovative development of information technologies and marketing, which entails a serious slowdown in the development rates of both the enterprise as a whole and its innovation activity in particular. The activities of information programs are in a depressed state, and advertising is rather a situational phenomenon.

Reengineering of the enterprise structure should be carried out in a comprehensive manner, reforming all its services and divisions according to the innovative type of development. But in this case, for the enterprise engaged in the sale of furniture, you can use a less large-scale restructuring. First of all, to eliminate the deficiencies found, it is necessary to make some changes in the organizational structure of the enterprise, adding to it the marketing department. To ensure an innovative development path for an enterprise, the marketing department will have a double meaning: first, through marketing research methods, the marketing service will supply innovative ideas for new furniture models to the posters; secondly, it will be a conduit for innovative development of the enterprise through the use of innovations in marketing activities.

In market conditions, the economic justification of decisions made plays an important role. It is impossible to rely only on a subjective opinion; calculations are needed confirming the correctness of management decisions. In order for an enterprise to function successfully, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of its commercial activities depending on the constantly changing market environment. This will make the company sustainable and competitive, to ensure its development, to foresee the future.

Conducting a systematic and in-depth analysis of the marketing situation in the market, the marketing service provides the ability to:

Quickly, efficiently and professionally respond to changes in market conditions and the needs of the target consumer segment;

Conduct market research in the market in order to identify the needs of consumers, as well as the best ways to meet them through offering new products;

Accurately and in time to find and take into account the factors affecting the profits for specific types of goods sold and services provided;

Determine the cost of trading activities (distribution costs) and the trend of their change, which is necessary to determine the selling price and calculate the profitability;

To find the best ways to solve the company's marketing problems and obtain sufficient profit in the near and distant future.

The work of the marketing service will allow the enterprise to use its funds more rationally, work profitably, provide a high level of profitability and have a high coefficient of innovative activity. For the proposed structural changes, it is quite enough to attract one employee to the position of a marketer and to purchase another personal computer.

To increase sales, increase efficiency and competitiveness, the company needs to implement new software. One of these innovative technologies is the program "ELARBIS-Vision". This is a new tool designed specifically to help furniture manufacturers and retailers increase sales.

The program helps to increase sales efficiency through quality furniture demonstrations    and quickly find the right option. Using this technology, the company will receive a unique opportunity to simplify the process of choosing the upholstery material by the buyer and, thereby, reduce the time to make a positive decision about the purchase. In addition, the use of technology "ELARBIS-Vision" will reduce retail space   , because the buyer will be able to see most of the furniture as realistic as possible on the computer screen. Using the showroom "ELARBIS-Vision" in the furniture salon will give the opportunity to show the buyer not only the models presented in the cabin, but also to acquaint him with samples that can be brought to order. In terms of marketing program will be use as advertising   . If a large monitor (plasma or LCD-TV) connected to a computer with the ELARBIS-Vision showroom is displayed in a visible place in the furniture salon, this may attract the attention of people passing by and push them to the idea of ​​purchasing new furniture.

The company can save significant funds on demand study    on products that are only planned for production. In this case, 3D-models of such products are demonstrated at points of sale, and managers collect customer feedback for further analysis.

By installing a virtual showroom "Elarbis" on a laptop, the company will receive mobile sales office or table orders. In this case, the company will be able to save significant funds on renting retail space and open order tables in almost all shopping centers. Sales can also be carried out directly at the customer, going to his home. The convenience of the program lies in the fact that it does not require specialized equipment and can be installed on any modern computer. The program does not require special user training and is mastered in a few minutes. The program interface is simple and intuitive and at the same time functional. It is enough that the seller has elementary skills in working with a mouse - this is all that is needed to complete the work with ELARBIS-Vision. The most important qualitative aspect of the ELARBIS-Vision system is the creation high-precision 3D models    products.

When preparing three-dimensional models of furniture, all features of the products are taken into account: sizes, proportions, additional elements, types of seams, folds and much more. Each model passes internal control for compliance with the original and, in the presence of inaccuracies, is sent for revision. This approach allows to obtain three-dimensional models of furniture as close as possible to the “living”.

When displaying furniture in the showroom "ELARBIS-Vision" may use of the interior environment   . This method of demonstration allows you to enhance the impression of the buyer and convince in the compatibility of the product and interior for which the product is purchased.

Moreover, in the interior version of the demonstration there is the possibility of changing the color of the walls, floor or light (daylight or artificial lighting). Interior environment can be easily turned off. It is possible to connect interiors that are suitable in style to the product being demonstrated. Walls, ceilings and floors may become invisible in positions that obstruct the view. Thus, the room will always look like an exhibition stand.

Benefits    The technology of “ELARBIS-Vision” lies in the fact that it will significantly save retail space, and in some cases even abandon it. The program can be installed on an unlimited number of jobs. The company will be able to make copies and send them to their dealers for use at points of sale.

When using this technology, the furniture salon "Max" will be able to activate its innovative activity, increase the competitiveness of the products sold and increase the level of profits.

findings

In the course of the study in the practical part of the work, we can draw the following conclusions:

The Max furniture store works with various suppliers, not only in the Ivanovo region, but also in other regions of the country. Mainly upholstered and cabinet furniture comes in for sale, and a minor emphasis is placed on kitchen and office furniture. The shop works both with exhibition goods and sale by catalogs.

Has in use modern types of equipment;

The company conducts a fairly active innovation policy at its own expense.

To eliminate the deficiencies found, it is necessary to make some changes in the organizational structure of the enterprise, adding to it the marketing department.

Conclusion

In a market economy, the existence of Russian companies is significantly complicated by the increasing competitive activity of enterprises that are striving to gain leading positions. Maintaining the dynamics of the organization, creating the conditions for its successful development and effective functioning helps to avoid unnecessary increase in costs, keep customers and compete with competition.

Innovation activity is a system of measures for the use of scientific, scientific, technical and intellectual potential in order to obtain a new or improved product or service, a new way of their production to meet both individual demand and the needs of society for innovations in general.

In the theoretical part of the work the following tasks were performed:

The concepts of innovation, their types and classification are considered.

Researched innovative technologies, their types and methods of implementation,

Studied the stages of innovation,

Shows the legal regulation of innovation,

The following conclusions were made:

- Under the innovation In a broad sense, the profitable use of innovations in the form of new technologies, types of products and services, organizational, technical and socio-economic decisions of a production, financial, commercial, administrative or other nature is understood.

The origin of innovations, their purpose, influence and other characteristics create a great variety that requires a certain classification.

For the introduction of innovations in production, trade and other types of labor and services, various technology   which later became known as innovative . Innovative technologies -   This is a set of methods and tools that support the stages of implementation of innovations.

There are a variety of techniques and methods that a manager (entrepreneur) can use when making changes in the organization of commercial activities, they are used depending on the stage of implementation of one or another innovative technology (innovation).

The state carries out all types of regulation of innovation activity.

The social aspect of innovation is also significant. It is known that the human factor in any of the processes takes the leading position, so the leadership of any organization should take into account how and what innovations will affect the team, whether the cost of introducing innovations is much higher due to the fact that the team will not accept it and will strong resistance.

In the practical part of the work, the analysis was carried out and the innovation activity was assessed on the example of the Max furniture store.

Developed measures for the introduction of innovative technologies in the organization of the commercial activities of this enterprise.

In the course of the study in the practical part of the work, the following conclusions were made:

The shop sells upholstered and cabinet furniture, and interior items. Buyers are provided with a large range of products and a wide range of services for the delivery, installation and assembly of furniture, as well as clarification of functionality, features and warranty service.

Mainly upholstered and cabinet furniture comes in for sale, and a minor emphasis is placed on kitchen and office furniture. The shop works both with exhibition goods and sale by catalogs.

Over time, furniture products are improved and modified. For its production, various electronic and innovative technologies have been used to ensure reliability and durability, to assist in finding the right options, assembly options, colors, as well as reducing buyers' costs of shopping and saving time.

The company implements new types of product, its design, devices, systems and mechanisms;

Uses new technology sales of goods, methods and methods of implementation;

Implements products made from new types of materials;

An analysis of the organization of the commercial activity of an enterprise revealed significant shortcomings - insufficient attention is paid to the innovative development of information technologies and marketing, which entails a serious slowdown in the development rates of both the enterprise as a whole and its innovation activity in particular.

To increase the level of sales, enhance innovation, increase efficiency and competitiveness, as well as increase profits, the company needs to implement new software. One of these innovative technologies is the program "ELARBIS-Vision". This is a new tool designed specifically to help furniture manufacturers and retailers increase sales.

In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize once again that in a modern, constantly changing world, heightened competitive struggle, an organization cannot survive if it does not comply with the main trends, if it does not provide services that meet the consumer’s perceptions, and if it does not use the new achievements of scientific and technical progress.

All new trends and trends, the requirements of consumers are reflected in the innovative activity of the organization. Creating the necessary and sufficient conditions for the rational organization of the introduction of innovative technologies in commercial activities will allow the organization as a whole to increase the competitiveness of the manufactured and sold products and the profitability of its activities.

Bibliographic list

1. Bezudud FF, Smirnova GA, Nechayeva OD “The essence of the concept of innovation and its classification” // Innovations. - 1998. - №2.-3. - p. 4.

2. Schumpeter J. Theory of Economic Development. - M .: Progress, 1982. –C. 169-170.)

3. "Management of research, development and innovation projects" / Ed. Valdaytseva S.V. - SPb .: SPbSTU, 1995.

4. Kotler F. “Fundamentals of Marketing” - Novosibirsk: Science, 1990., p. 160

5. Oxford Explanatory Dictionary - M., 1995

6. Stocking A.I. , “Entrepreneurship and Innovation”, Part 1.

7. "Wikipedia" - online encyclopedia;

8. I. I. Rodionov. Lecture 5. “Specificity of a product that is attractive for venture financing”.

9. "Glossary" - a dictionary of highly specialized terms;

10. Evenko L.I. “Organizational management structures

uS industrial corporations: Theory and practice of formation ", Moscow: Finance and Statistics, 1996

11. A.I. Orlov - “Management”, Textbook, Moscow: Knowledge, 1999.

12. Shaburishvili, M.V. Collection of Scientific Works "Conditions for Improving the Efficiency of the Russian Economy".

13. V. V. Gunin. Innovation Management. Module 7. - M .: Infra-M, 1999.

14. Kokurin DI “Innovative activity”. - M. - EXAM, 2001.

15. Morozov Yu.P. "Methodological foundations of the organization of management of technological innovations in the conditions of market relations" / Abstract of dissertation for the degree of doctor of economic sciences. - N. Novgorod, 1997.

16. Doyle P. Management: strategy and tactics. - SPb: Piter Publishing House, 1999.

17. http://nrc.edu.ru/razd1/13.html#1 - Fundamentals of innovative and technological management.

18. http://www.lex-pravo.ru/codex.php?ch=13&art=86&t=pp - Business Law.

19. Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On innovation activity and state innovation policy in the Russian Federation” // Innovations. - 1998. - № 2-3. - p. 32-38.

20. http://vision.elarbis.com/about/

21. http://market-pages.ru/invmenedj/3.html

23. http://www.aup.ru/books/

APPLICATIONS

Universal sofas:

Eurobook ("Alternative", "Pantograph"):

	Remove backrest cushions and armrests
	Pull the seat of the couch forward by the handle
	Lowering the backrest to the horizontal position
	Bed ready
	A type mechanism is suitable for everyday use. "Sedalift".   It is a semi-rolling mechanism with clamshell elements. The bed first rolls out from under the seat, and then rises to the level of the seat and unfolds. "Sedalift" is most often used in corner sofas.

"Dolphin" ("Kangaroo"):

	Initial position
	Putting forward transformation mechanism
	Grasp the lifting handle
	By moving up and forward we bring the mechanism to the sleeping position.
	An ottoman seat lift provides access to the laundry drawer.
	Bed ready

"Breeze":   Variety "Dolphin", with one difference -   the berth is put forward "forward and away"

"Vykatnaya":   Reliable and easy to use. High berth by moving the sofa seat forward and laying the backrest in the empty seat.

Then, setting it to the top position, continue the nomination and roll out the headboard of the sofa. To transform the sofa into the Relax position, you need to roll the lower part forward and, using the lifting loop, lift and place the section hidden in the withdrawable part in a horizontal position.

Variety "vykatnogo "- "Telescope":

"Accordion":

"Click-klyak"

"Tango":

Option mechanism "click-klyak"   , which is equipped with raster (movable) elbows, which can also be displayed in three or four positions.

« Puma ":

Guest sofas

"Cot"

Remove the cushions of the armrests

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below.

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

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INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION

“The only way that leads to knowledge is activity. ”

Bernard Show.

In the January Message of the Head of State to the People, “The New Decade - New Economic Growth - New Opportunities of Kazakhstan” noted: “By 2015, the National Innovation System should function fully, and by 2020, it should already produce results in the form of developments, patents and ready-made technologies, being introduced in the country. " Therefore, the introduction of modern information technologies that meet international educational standards, as well as providing all the necessary conditions for the fruitful work of teachers, educators, and masters of industrial training are strategic priorities in the field of education. After all, information technology helps teachers to bring the learning process to a new level.

Today, many teachers apply modern technologies and innovative teaching methods in order to achieve learning outcomes. These methods include active and interactive forms used in training. Active involve the active position of the student in relation to the teacher and to those who receive education with him. During lessons with their use, textbooks, notebooks, a computer are used, that is, individual tools used for training. Thanks to interactive methods, there is an effective assimilation of knowledge in collaboration with other students. These methods belong to the collective forms of learning, during which a group of students work on the material being studied, each of which is responsible for the work done.

The word “innovation” (from the Latin “innovation”) appeared in the middle of the 17th century and means the entry of the new into some sphere, implantation into it and the generation of a whole series of changes in this sphere. Innovation is, on the one hand, a process of innovation, implementation, implementation, and on the other hand, it is an activity of turning innovations into a certain social practice, and not at all.Innovation in exact translation from Latin means not “new”, but “to new”.The concept of "innovation" means innovation, novelty, change; innovation as a means and process involves the introduction of something new. With regard to the pedagogical process, innovation means the introduction of a new one into the goals, content, methods and forms of training and education, the organization of joint activities of a teacher and a student.

The emergence of new information technologies associated with the development of computer tools and telecommunications networks has made it possible to create a qualitatively new information and educational environment as the basis for the development and improvement of the education system.

Ways of Innovative Learning - modular learning, problem-based learning, distance learning, research methodical learning, project method, social partnership, etc.

Interactive methods contribute to the qualitative assimilation of new material. To them belong:

Exercises that are creative;

Group tasks;

Educational, role-playing, business games, imitation;

Lessons-excursions;

Lessons-meetings with creative people and experts;

Classes aimed at creative development

– lessons, plays, film making, newspaper publishing;

The use of video, Internet, visibility;

The solution of complex issues and problems using the methods of "decision tree", "brainstorming."

The main goal of innovative education technologies is to prepare a person for life in an ever-changing world.The purpose of innovation is a qualitative change in the personality of the student compared to the traditional system.

Therefore, innovative teaching methods contribute to the development of students' cognitive interest, they are taught to systematize and summarize the material being studied, to discuss and debate. By comprehending and processing the knowledge gained, students acquire the skills of applying them in practice and gain experience in communication. Undoubtedly, innovative teaching methods have advantages over traditional ones, because they contribute to the development of the child, teach him independence in cognition and decision making.

The main task of VET at the present stage is to train specialists who are capable of reacting in an unconventional, flexible and timely manner to the changes that are occurring in the world. Therefore, to prepare students for future professional activities, innovative teaching methods in VET are used. Such methods include problem-based learning, which includes the formation of skills to solve problematic tasks that do not have an unequivocal answer, work independently on the material, and develop the ability to apply acquired knowledge in practice. Also innovative teaching methods include online learning. It is aimed at active and deep learning of the material studied, the development of the ability to solve complex problems. Interactive activities include imitation and role-playing games, discussions, modeling situations. One of the modern methods is learning through cooperation. It is used to work with social partners, as well as in small groups. This method sets as its task the effective learning of educational material, the development of the ability to perceive different points of view, the ability to cooperate and resolve conflicts in the process of working together. The innovative methods of teaching in vocational and technical education used at the present stage also include the method, the priority of which is moral values. It contributes to the formation of individual moral attitudes based on professional ethics, the development of critical thinking, the ability to represent and defend their own opinions. Innovative methods have allowed to change the role of the teacher, who is not only a carrier of knowledge, but also a mentor, initiating the creative search for students.

In this regard, the education system should focus on the formation of a new type of specialist who would be able to independently extract, process, analyze the necessary information and effectively use it at the right time. This can be achieved with the transition to multi-level training of highly qualified specialists (bachelor - master - doctor).

Today there is no such teacher who would not think about the questions: “How to make the lesson interesting, bright? How to captivate students with your subject? How to create in class a situation of success for each student? ”What modern teacher does not dream of students in his class working voluntarily and creatively; did they learn the subject at the maximum level of success for each?

And this is not by chance. A new organization of society, a new attitude to life, and new demands on the school. Today, the main goal of education is not only the accumulation of a certain amount of knowledge and skills by a student, but also the preparation of a student as an independent subject of educational activity. The basis of modern education is the activity and the teacher, and, last but not least, the student. It is this goal - the upbringing of a creative, active person who knows how to learn, improve independently, and obey the main tasks of modern education.

An innovative approach to learning allows you to organize the learning process in such a way that it is a joy to the student and benefits and does not turn into just fun or a game. And, maybe, on such a lesson, as Cicero said, "the eyes of the hearer will be lit about the eyes of the speaker."

Innovative technologies:

gaming

project

problem learning technology

differentiated learning technology

technology teaching and research activities in the classroom

Educational innovative technologies:

health saving technology

technology group activity

technology KTD (collective creative affairs).

The relevance of innovative learning is as follows:

Compliance with the concept of humanization of education;

The use of student-centered learning;

The search for conditions for the disclosure of the creative potential of the student;

Compliance with the socio-cultural needs of modern society

self-creative activity.

The main objectives of innovative education are:

The development of intellectual, communicative, linguistic and

student creativity;

Formation of personal qualities of students;

Development of skills affecting educational and cognitive

activity and transition to the level of productive creativity;

The development of various types of thinking;

Formation of high-quality knowledge and skills.

These goals determine the objectives of innovative education:

Optimization of the educational process;

Creating an atmosphere of cooperation between the student and teacher;

Developing long-term positive motivation to learn;

Inclusion of students in creative activities;

Careful selection of material and methods of its submission.

The following technologies underlie innovative learning:

Developmental education;

Problem-based learning;

Develop critical thinking;

Differentiated approach to learning;

Creating a situation of success in the classroom.

The main principles of innovative education are:

Creativity (orientation to creativity);

The assimilation of knowledge in the system;

Nontraditional forms of lessons;

Use of visibility.

And now I want to move from the general methodological principles of innovative education to methods.

When using innovative technologies in teaching the Russian language and literature, the following techniques are successfully applied:

Associative series;

Reference outline;

Brain attack;

Group discussion;

Essay;

Key terms;

Videos;

Didactic game;

Linguistic maps;

Text study;

Work with tests;

Nontraditional homework forms, etc.

INNOVATION IS MOVING FORWARD !!!

The development of the innovation activity of enterprises in Russia is extremely complicated by the unsuitability of the previous system of innovation management to the new economic conditions. The large-scale restructuring of property, the reorganization of production, the conversion of the defense industry pose problems for the survival of enterprises and their economic growth. The innovation policy of enterprises should be aimed at increasing the production of fundamentally new types of products and technologies, expanding the sales of domestic goods, and this requires the formation and development of innovative entrepreneurship.

Very often, the need for innovation originates within the organization itself. In practice, there are such situations when an enterprise itself becomes at the same time a developer and a consumer of innovative technologies. Innovative technologies are stimulated by increasing demand for products and increasing sales, as well as the possible increase in prices for certain types of resources.

Quite often the organization, having introduced innovative technologies, then distributes them on a commercial basis in other organizations. The speed of their distribution (diffusion) depends on the relative need for investment and the effectiveness of each innovation. At the same time, the greater the number of organizations used this innovation, the higher the losses of those organizations that did not use it. It also speeds up the distribution process.

The positive effect of the introduction of innovative technologies is obvious. This, as a rule, is a rapid and significant increase in labor productivity, equal to grocery and further higher commercial effect, a high proportion of productivity gains. All this is due to the improvement of technological processes. Due to the fact that technological innovations provide a reduction in production costs, and in the future and prices, the producers who have a higher market share in product sales receive the greatest benefits from these innovations.

The most important prerequisite for accelerating the introduction of innovations and raising their scientific and technical level are rapidly developing computer technologies. Development and implementation of innovation is becoming one of the main directions of the organization’s strategy, as it determines many areas of its development.

The implementation of innovation activities in general implies such stages,   as:

Development of plans and programs for innovation activities;

Monitoring the progress of innovation development and its implementation;

Consideration of innovation development projects;

Conducting a single innovation policy;

Coordination of innovation activities in functional and production units;

Providing financial and material and technical resources;

Ensuring the development of innovation with qualified personnel;

Creation of temporary target groups for a comprehensive solution of innovative problems - from goal to innovation.

To date, a large number of large organizations have created the so-called scientific and technical complexes that allow the development and implementation of innovative technologies in production. Assessing the innovative potential of his company, the head determines his ability to conduct innovation, that is, he answers for himself to the question whether the enterprise is capable of introducing innovations. The next step towards the organization of innovation in the enterprise should be the development of innovative goals. Such goals can be: increase of competitiveness and consolidation in new markets by improving existing products or creating a fundamentally new product; reduction of production costs by saving raw materials, energy, etc. based on the use of new technologies.

Here, enterprises should take an important strategic decision: to acquire innovative technologies on the side or to develop independently. In the first case, the enterprise, as a rule, establishes a strategic partnership with a specialized research or design organization. It should be borne in mind that the one-time acquisition of technology will require the accumulation of significant financial resources in a relatively short period of time. To make the most effective use of financial investments, a thorough scan of the market for new technologies and a detailed analysis of the database of organizations specializing in innovative technologies will be required.

In the second case, it seems appropriate to create your own research and innovation division. Compared with the acquisition of new technology, this approach avoids large one-time costs, as the amount of investment is stretched over time. At the same time, a new subdivision, depending on the sectoral affiliation of the enterprise, can be created by reorganizing the service of the chief technologist or design department.

During the reorganization of commercial activities usually allocate five stages of change :

Preparation (planning)

- "defrosting" (preparing the company for change),

Direct implementation of change,

- "freezing" (consolidation of the results of transformations) and evaluation of the results of the innovation.

These stages include such actions as:

At the preparation stage:

Determination of the main content and level of change;

Preparation of a preliminary change plan aimed at achieving certain improvements;

An analysis of the driving and restraining forces and the potential for change support;

Determining who exactly will be affected by the changes, what are the reasons for possible resistance;

Decisions who else needs to be involved in planning the change process;

Choosing a change strategy and methods for overcoming resistance;

Isolation and analysis of problems that are likely to be caused by innovative technology;

Developing a realistic implementation plan for the change and determining the criteria by which the change will be monitored and evaluated;

Determination of the necessary resources (human, temporary, financial, material and others), including external consultants.

At the "defrost" stage:

Allocating time to relieve psychological stress in the organization;

Selection of methods for training and informing employees in accordance with the change strategy;

Monitoring progress in the preparation of changes, and, if necessary, the correction of approaches and plans.

At the change stage:

Changing only what is needed to achieve the desired improvement;

The presence of sufficient reserves of time and other resources in case of unexpected difficulties;

A possible change in strategy if, as experience suggests (yours, employees or consultants), this will contribute to the success of the introduction of innovative technology;

Informing employees of the company about the success of transformations.

At the "freezing" stage:

The allocation of the necessary resources to consolidate, "preserve" the actions carried out at the stage of change;

Consideration of the issue of further training (for work in new conditions) and / or employment of employees;

Implementation of plans (on the use of results of innovation), taking into account the situation.

At the assessment stage:

Conducting research on the effects of changing and perceiving these effects;

Maintaining feedback to those who are affected by the changes, both within the firm and outside it;

Informing (employees, company management, external environment, mass media and others) about the results of the innovation.

In order to reduce time, some companies have attempted to introduce the principle of “simultaneous product development” by functional units. So when the company Ford   changed the sequence of consideration of the project and sent it in parallel to the technical and financial departments, saving time was three and a half months. It was also recommended in the literature to go through the development stages of a new product in parallel, however, a detailed outline of such a process was not presented. There is a model of parallel-sequential output of innovation to the market, the essence of which is convenient to consider using a conventional scheme (see. Fig. 2)

pic 2. Model of the innovation process

The diagram shows an approximate the process of developing and introducing a new product to the market. The path from the birth of the idea to its practical implementation consists of ten steps, which can be combined into three key stages:

Generation and selection of ideas;

Analysis, testing and approbation of the proposed idea;

Control of the strategic perspective of a new product, commercialization of innovation, receiving and redistributing profits.

Analyzing world experience, it should be expected that at the stage of economic growth in Russia, a tendency will begin to appear towards reorienting the direction of scientific, technical and production and marketing activities in the innovation policy of industrial organizations, as time requires the creation of new generations of high-tech products, level of world standards.