Designed for self-determination of blood alcohol concentration based on the quantity and quality of alcoholic beverages drunk.

The reasons why people drink alcohol can be completely different. Someone uses intoxicating drinks for relaxation, someone in order to gain courage, and someone in order to forget and get away from problems. In all cases, do not forget that excessive alcohol consumption has a detrimental effect on human health and can lead to irreversible consequences.

Our calculator can be useful in different cases:

• If you plan to drive after a meal;
• You want to calculate the maximum allowable alcohol dose for yourself;
• You want to know how long after drinking alcoholic beverages you will be able to fearlessly drive a car, etc.

Knowing the exact concentration of ethanol (pure alcohol) in your blood at a given time, you will be able to make decisions regarding travel as a driver of a vehicle and calculate the time interval before the onset of sobriety.

Drunk driving law

Statistics show that about a third of all road traffic accidents are due to drunk drivers. Unsurprisingly, the country has a law prohibiting driving while intoxicated.

Prior to 2010, there were restrictions on the acceptable level of ethanol in the blood and exhaled air. So, in the blood the maximum possible level of alcohol was 0.3 ppm, and in the exhaled air - 0.15 mg / l. Thus, one could fearlessly drive, for example, after a bottle of weak beer.

Since August 6, 2010, the requirements have become more stringent. Now the concentration of alcohol in the blood and in the exhaled air should be zero. If a drunk driver still dares to get behind the wheel of a car, then he may be deprived of his driver's license for a period of one and a half to two years (according to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, article 12.8). The same punishment is provided for in the event that the driver handed over the control of the car to a person in a state of intoxication.

It is important to understand that the driver is now recognized as drunk only according to the testimony of a special device - a breathalyzer. A breathalyzer is a special technical device that is used to determine the concentration of ethanol in the exhaled air.

Foods and drinks that increase the number of ppm

Even if the driver does not consume alcoholic beverages at all, he still should not lose his vigilance, because there is a certain amount of ppm in various other products. For example, yeast kvass contains from 0.1 to 0.6 ppm, and in kefir and ayran 0.2 ppm.
A small amount of ethanol is also released in many fruits: oranges, bananas. Among the ingredients, alcohol can be found in chocolate, cakes, pastries. Also, alcohol-containing medicines can affect the readings of the breathalyzer. Among such medicines are motherwort, corvalol, valerian, calendula, etc.

How long does alcohol last?

Unfortunately, there are no universal indicators of the time of the content of a particular portion of alcohol in the blood. Each person is unique, the rate of absorption of alcohol is different for everyone. Here are some of the factors that affect the speed of this process:

• Height, weight of a person. The higher these indicators are, the larger portion a person needs for intoxication;
• Floor. In most cases, women get drunk faster than men;
• Genetic predisposition. Alcohol sensitivity is inherited;
• The general condition of the body. For example, a dose of alcohol drunk on an empty stomach will intoxicate faster and, accordingly, remain in the blood longer.

Since the toxic effects of alcohol can take different periods even for one person, you should not take the readings of the calculator literally.
However, the average alcohol concentration in the human body can be calculated. It is known that different drinks are intoxicating in different ways. For example, the concentration of alcohol in the body of a man weighing 80 kg will be 0.3 ppm (this is the term for the unit of measurement of alcohol) if he has drunk:

• 50 grams of vodka;
• Or 200 grams of dry wine;
• Or 500 grams of beer.

The maximum concentration of alcohol in the human body lasts from 30 minutes to several hours after drinking, then gradually disappears.

In order for you to be able to independently calculate the amount of alcohol in your blood, you need to enter data on your field, weight in the form fields, indicate whether you consumed drinks on an empty stomach or not, and also mark all types of drinks you have drunk and indicate their portion.

State policy aimed at combating dependence on alcohol-containing products of the population has led to a decrease in the permissible concentration of ethyl alcohol in the body.

Since 2017, the measurement of exhaled air using a special device that exceeds the value of 0.16 ‰ is what is considered a state of alcoholic intoxication under the current law. Alcohol in the blood should not be detected more than 0.35 ppm.

Outwardly, it is possible to determine what a person has drunk only when the amount of alcohol is already approaching 0.6 - 1 and above ppm. This, first of all, depends on the strength of the drink, the age and body weight of the drinker.

Let's find out how quickly alcohol is removed, what consequences are expected for its use by ordinary citizens.

What corresponds to the value of 0.6 ppm alcohol

Trying to increase demand and diversify the market, alcoholic beverages producers offer consumers a wide range of alcoholic beverages.

It is very easy to buy non-alcoholic beer "Baltika", which contains 0% ethanol, or "Absinthe", where the alcohol content ranges from 75-80%, in any supermarket or store.

An indicator of 0.6 ppm is a state of light intoxication, so let's consider how much and what kind of alcohol you need to drink to be drunk:

• beer 6% - 1 l;
• red wine - 200 gr;
• white wine - 300 gr;
• champagne - 250 gr;
• vodka, cognac, whiskey - 100 gr.

A value from 0.55 ppm to 0.6 is found 30 minutes after taking 50 grams of vodka, 2 bottles of beer or 0.5 liters of wine. The same situation is observed if more than 9-12 hours have passed since the moment of the previously drunk alcohol.

Drinking 0.5 liters of vodka the day before will show the amount of alcohol in the exhaled air 0.54 - 0.69 ppm, after 6 bottles of beer - 0.25-0.26 ‰, 2 bottles of wine - 45-46. And the higher the percentage of ethyl alcohol in the drink, the less it will take to get drunk.

0.6 ppm: alcohol tolerance or lethal dose

Fortunately, light or simple alcoholic intoxication does not pose a threat to life. It occurs as a result of the use of 20-100 mg of pure ethyl alcohol inside, the concentration of which in the blood is in the range of 0.5 - 1.5 ‰. The influence of alcohol on the human body, in this case, is minimal, provided that he no longer drinks.

The mechanism of a sedative, relaxing effect occurs against the background of the penetration of acetaldehyde into the membranes of brain cells and neurons. Inhibition of the receptors of the GABA inhibition system provokes the release of adrenaline and the release of dopamine. The feeling of euphoria and a surge of energy intensifies, communication skills increase and attention is sharpened.

Due to the ability of ethanol to change the natural exchange of calcium, alcohol prevents platelet aggregation, is able to exert antiarrhythmic and antioxidant effects, and reduce the zones of ischemic heart damage.

There are even guidelines for drinking alcohol that can provide health benefits. A day is allowed to take 250 ml of wine, 500 grams of light beer or 50 grams of vodka. Such a dose will not affect the human condition in any way.

How to calculate your blood alcohol content

Periodically or regularly using alcohol-containing products, it is important to know how long alcohol intoxication takes place. This will help you avoid getting reprimanded or fired at work, losing your driver's license and having an unpleasant hangover in the morning.

Many sites offer to use the services of an online calculator for calculating the ppm of alcohol that remained in the body after drinking the day before. But you should not get carried away with these calculations, since they show the approximate value of the rate of elimination of ethyl alcohol.

It is easy to find out on your own the volume of alcohol in the blood by the formula:

c = a / (m × r)

The alcohol concentration is displayed in the "c" value. It is determined using the amount drunk in grams - "a", the weight of a person - "m" and the Widmark distribution coefficient - "r", which for men is 0.7, and for women this indicator does not exceed 0.6.

For example, a girl weighing 60 kg consumed 2 glasses of vodka or 100 grams of strong drink. We calculate the concentration of ethanol using the formula: c = 100 / (60 × 0.6). The content of ethyl alcohol in the body is 0.36 ppm. For a man weighing 70 kg, the indicator will be 0.49 ‰.

There is another way to quickly determine ethanol in the blood and the rate of its elimination. Every hour the level of alcohol for a woman decreases by 0.085 - 0.1 ppm, for a man - by 0.1-0.15 ‰.

If we take into account that after 100 grams of vodka the volume of ethyl alcohol is 1.02 ‰, then in an hour its indicator for a man will be 1.02 - 0.15 = 0.87 ppm, for a woman - 0.17 - 0.19.

Be sure to consider your weight. For example, beer disappears in a person weighing about 70 kg in 35-40 minutes, vodka is removed for about 5 hours 48 minutes, and cognac - 6 hours.

In denser people, the body will need 21 minutes, 3 hours 29-52 minutes and 4 hours 04 minutes, respectively, to break down the same amount of alcohol.

What punishment awaits for alcohol intoxication in 0.6 ppm

From the age of 16, generally accepted standards of conduct apply to all individuals, including labor and motor vehicle regulations that prohibit people from being drunk while driving and at work.

In accordance with the current "Code of Administrative Violations", for being drunk in a public place, like a park or a public garden, a fine from 1,500 to 2,000 rubles is stipulated, and detention up to 15 days.

The new law took effect in 2017. It prohibits the deprivation of a driver's license for a period of 1.5 to 3 years, the payment of funds in the amount of 30,000 - 50,000 rubles. Remaining under administrative arrest for a period of 10-15 days is used when the offender is re-detained.

Based on the provisions of the Labor Code, the appearance of an employee at the workplace in a state of intoxication is followed by a disciplinary sanction, suspension from duties, a corresponding entry in the work book upon dismissal.

13.12.2017 Lawyer Viktor Voloshin 0

Alcohol per mille: methods of calculation and punishment for violation of established norms

Most drivers in our country know about penalties for drunk driving, but few people know about what constitutes a ppm of alcohol, and how to correlate it with specific volumes of alcohol. Since 2013, the country has reintroduced the concept of "permissible ethanol content in the blood of a motorist". To understand what the allowed rate is, you need to have an understanding of the translation of the amount drunk in ppm.

To learn how to determine the degree of drunkenness in ppm and not drive when it is punishable, you need to learn how to independently translate the amount of drunk into this indicator.

PPM is the concentration of alcohol in the driver's blood or in the air he exhales, which shows the degree of his intoxication. Basically, it is a mathematical term that means a thousandth of a whole. Often this term is applied not only to drivers who risked driving under the "chauffeur", but also in other areas of activity. For example, the slope of the railroad bed is measured in ppm.

A ppm as a percentage shows the content of decay products of alcohol-containing beverages in the body. With the help of knowledge about alcohol content, you can determine your condition and decide whether to travel or the impossibility of such.

Different alcoholic beverages are eliminated from the body in different ways, and they take different periods of time for this. The table will show what are the terms of removing a particular drink from the body in the amount of 100 grams.

Observing the terms indicated in the table, you can accurately calculate the period of complete elimination of drunk from the body and the time of safe driving. The motorist can check his own condition the next day using a portable breathalyzer, which are sold in electronics stores.

Self-computation

In order not to be mistaken, relying on standard tables that represent average results, without taking into account the individual characteristics of a person, it is better to calculate the number per mille yourself.

To make a calculation, take the following indicators:

• human weight;
• the volume of alcoholic drink drunk and its strength.

A person suffering from alcoholism, and taking alcohol regularly, will receive the greatest degree of intoxication, since the concentration of ethanol in his blood is increased. The driver must understand the full responsibility of drunk driving and avoid this.

Calculation example

The formula for the permissible blood alcohol per mille is called Eric Widmark. The calculation is extremely simple and does not require special knowledge, but it will perfectly help to avoid traffic violations.

The formula looks like this:

C = A / (m X r), where

C is the concentration of alcohol in the blood;

A is the grams of alcohol consumed;

m is the weight of the person;

r is a constant value, which for women is 0.6 ppm, for men - 0.7 ppm.

For example, a woman weighing 50 kg drank 50 grams of cognac the night before, which means C = 50 / (50 X 0.6). That is, a woman's blood will contain 0.6 ppm.

It is almost impossible to deceive modern breathalyzers, which are used by the police, due to their absolute accuracy. Therefore, if there are doubts about the condition and the dose of alcohol was too large, it is better to refrain from traveling by car, so as not to receive a fine and not lose a driver's license, or not get into an accident.

Alcohol ppm tables

The degree of intoxication of a citizen can be determined by some symptoms and, accordingly, roughly determine the amount of alcohol contained in his blood. The table per mille of alcohol clearly shows the classification of a person's intoxication.

There are a number of signs that clearly indicate that a person is drunk:

• persistent smell of alcohol;
• tremor, unsteady gait;
• speech disorders;
• discoloration of the skin (turns red or turns pale);
• aggression, increased sociability, inappropriate behavior.

These signs, without any examination, may indicate that the person has been drinking and has not yet come to his senses. Moreover, the body of each citizen is individual. Someone needs to drink just a glass of beer to get very drunk, while someone needs a significant dose of strong alcohol. Allowing a car enthusiast to drive in this state is extremely dangerous. He can hurt himself and cripple other people. Pedestrians are especially affected by drunk drivers. Serious accidents occur quite often due to the fault of alcoholic beverages, so the traffic police strictly monitor compliance with the established rules, periodically conducting special raids to identify "drunk" drivers.

Information for drivers

Drinking before driving is very dangerous. Disorders in coordination and thinking often lead to serious accidents. The stage of severe intoxication, as a rule, occurs within half an hour after drinking a strong alcoholic drink.

The Ministry of Health, together with the traffic police, have developed standards according to which drivers are checked for alcohol intoxication. For some time in our country there was a law according to which the driver had to have zero ppm when checking. This indicator should have been present both when checking with a breathalyzer (exhale), and detected on a blood or urine test. But then changes were made that allow some alcohol content in the motorist's blood.

This is due to some of the foods we eat every day:

• kefir, yogurt, yogurt;
• overripe bananas;
• kvass;
• warm fruit juices;
• some medicines;
• chocolate candies;
• cigarettes;
• sandwiches with sausage and black bread and other products.

Contrary to popular belief, non-alcoholic beer also increases blood alcohol levels. Therefore, you should not drink this drink or other low-alcohol products before the trip.

Allowable per mille of alcohol while driving in 2017 is 0.16 ppm in exhaled air and 0.35 milligrams per liter of blood. This ratio is just the permissible error of devices that are offered for checking to the driver. Measurement of indicators of alcohol content is carried out either by police officers at the stop site with a special breathalyzer device, or in a clinical setting using blood and urine tests. Saliva can also contain information about the content of ethanol breakdown products, but the results are often inaccurate. Therefore, this method is considered unreliable.

For violation of the permissible number per thousand, established by the Ministry of Health, the country provides for punishment in the form of:

• a fine of 30 thousand rubles and deprivation of rights for up to two years, upon the initial detection of alcohol intoxication while driving;
• a fine of 50 thousand rubles, deprivation of rights for up to three years or criminal prosecution;

The criteria by which drivers are selected for inspection are at the discretion of the police. The inspector can cause suspicion of the behavior of a motorist, a professional eye can easily see signs of alcohol intoxication in a person and then he will immediately go for an examination.

"Milligrams per ppm"

People are used to considering the degree of intoxication in ppm, but official documents usually include information on grams per amount of exhaled air. In order not to have difficulty in translating these values, there is a certain scale according to which both indicators can be easily translated. In any case, even a small amount of alcohol can harm the body, including causing irreparable changes, serious poisoning. Taking care of your health, you need to strictly limit the consumption of booze.

It is important to understand that each ppm changes a person's personality, reduces his ability to work, increases nervousness, and causes aggression. The ppm counter will not help to avoid intoxication. Before traveling, it is better not to drink alcohol at all in order to be confident in your own strengths and to ensure the safety not only for yourself, but also for other road users.

It is also important to understand the norms and follow them not only for the traffic police, but also to preserve your own health. Natural indicators of alcohol do not exceed 0.3 ppm. To preserve normal life and eliminate harm to health, do not exceed the level of 0.75-1.5 ppm. 2.2 ppm alcohol characterizes an average degree of intoxication, does not cause danger, but should become an alarm bell that the norms have been exceeded.

More than 2.7 ppm of alcohol is considered a severe degree of intoxication, which causes serious changes in the mental state and disruption of human life. Exceeding indicators over 3.5-4.2 ppm is considered a lethal dosage. Either death occurs, or the person falls into a coma. From the point of view of medicine, there are norms of permissible alcohol consumption per day that will not harm health:

To exclude the possible consequences of the negative influence of alcohol on the human body, it is better to completely exclude the drinking of alcoholic beverages, limiting ourselves only to rare festive feasts with a small amount of booze. Alcohol is strictly contraindicated for motorists, provided that in the near future you need to get behind the wheel. This can harm not only the driver, but also other road users.

The introduction of the maximum amount of alcohol in the blood while driving is one of the main means of government regulation of road safety.

The unit of measurement for alcohol intoxication is ppm - the ratio of a gram of alcohol to one liter of blood.

The maximum ppm driving threshold differs from country to country. For example, in Canada, 0.8 ppm is permissible, which allows you to drink a glass of beer before the trip. What is the legal limit for alcohol driving in Russia? And what will happen if it is violated? Let's figure it out.

PERMISSIBLE RATE OF ALCOHOL DRIVING IN PROMILLA

For three years, from 2010 to 2013, the permissible rate was "zero" ppm, which completely ruled out the possibility of a dispute with the traffic police inspectors. However, this rule had many disadvantages. Eating many foods pushes blood alcohol levels above zero - chocolate and baked goods, kefir and kvass, juices, yoghurts, and over-ripe bananas. Not to mention non-alcoholic beer or many medicines.

In 2013, the action of "zero" ppm was canceled. Driving is now allowed if the breathalyzer showed on exhalation not more than 0.16 mg per liter of air ... This is the new measurable threshold for intoxication. But ppm is a value that calculates the alcohol content in the blood, not in the air.

0.1 ppm, contrary to popular belief, is not equal to 1 mg / l. To calculate it, a formula is used in which there is exactly 0.045 mg / l of alcohol in 0.1 ppm. After calculations, we find that the permissible maximum ppm in the current year is approximately 0.35. The new standard has minimized the measurement error of the breathalyzer. How to determine the approximate content of ppm in the blood after drinking alcoholic beverages?

DETERMINATION OF ALCOHOL CONTENT IN BLOOD

- The number of degrees in alcohol consumed and the dose drunk;

- Weight and gender of a person;

- Condition of internal organs and genetic predisposition;

- Availability of snacks, their quality and quantity;

- The general condition of a person.

It is not difficult to exceed the permissible level of alcohol while driving. 1 ppm is already a serious intoxication, which is achieved after drinking a whole 0.5 liter bottle of vodka by a strong man weighing 70-75 kg. The maximum allowable rate is 5 or 6 ppm units. This is already a lethal dose.

In theory, 100 grams of vodka gives 0.55 ppm, and a bottle of beer with a capacity of 0.5 liters - 0.32. In practice, when checking on a breathalyzer, there may be a completely different result. The device can overestimate ppm (for example, with alcohol vapors in the lungs after sobering up) or reduce it. To avoid this ambiguity in the definition of intoxication, the critical value per mille was increased to 0.35.

It is difficult to calculate the ppm content in the body on your own. For this, there are ready-made tables in which a glass of vodka with a capacity of 100 grams is taken for one dose. The results are also rather arbitrary, but sometimes they can be useful.

We offer 2 tables with ready-made calculations - separately for men and for women.

BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATIONS IN MEN (PROMILLE)

BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATIONS IN WOMEN (PROMILLE)

HOW LONG IS ALCOHOL DETERMINED ON BREATHING?

To determine the time during which it is better not to be caught by traffic police officers after drinking alcohol, it is necessary to take into account many factors, including the rate of absorption of alcohol, the time it is removed from the body and body weight. The highest blood alcohol content is reached 30 minutes to 2 hours after consumption, depending on the type of drink and the availability of a quality snack.

Many drivers are interested in knowing how long it takes to completely clear alcohol from the body. The general rule here is that it is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol before the next scheduled trip. If you still have a whole day before driving, you can drink freely. The rules are not rigid, but effective enough.

We propose to consider a table that shows how long various alcoholic beverages are excreted from the human body. It should only be borne in mind that these data are seriously affected by a person's weight, gender and health.

TIME FOR ALCOHOL REMOVAL FROM THE BODY (PROMILLE OF ALCOHOL WHEN BREATHING AIR)

In general, for a healthy man weighing 80 kg, the alcohol weathering time will be as follows:

- A bottle of beer 0.5 - 2 hours (3 hours when drinking strong beer);

- 200 g of wine - from 2 hours;

- 100 g of vodka - you will have to wait 3.5 hours, 300 g - 11 hours;

- A whole bottle of strong alcohol (40-45 degrees) - 17 hours.

Alcohol withdrawal time for people of other weight is easily calculated using proportion. But do not forget that the error of devices for checking the state of intoxication is from 0.1 to 0.16 ppm. For reassurance, it is better to add at least an hour to the given data.

PUNISHMENT FOR EXCEEDING THE PERMISSIBLE PROMILLA IN THE BODY

In 2017, the punishment for drunk driving is quite severe:

- For the first driving in a state of intoxication - a fine of up to 30 thousand rubles and deprivation of rights for alcohol for one and a half to two years;

- Repeated violation of the law - the fine is increased to 50 thousand plus deprivation of rights for 3 years;

- With the existing penalty for drunk driving, driving a car will entail administrative arrest for a period of 10 to 15 days;

- If the car owner does not want to be tested for the fact of intoxication, the punishment is not removed from him (it is the same as for the first violation).

The State Duma is constantly talking about toughening the punishment for drunk driving. Perhaps in 2018 the amount of fines will increase significantly. By the way, the transfer of the right to drive a vehicle to a drunk person is punished in the same way as driving while drunk.

If you have any problems with the traffic police inspectors or you want to appeal a court decision on this topic, our website will help you figure out the intricacies.

TIPS FOR TROUBLESHOOTING WITH ROAD INSPECTORS

In addition to the fact that drinking alcohol and driving a car should be as far apart from each other as possible, less obvious rules should be adhered to:

- Do not take medications before the trip, especially those containing ethyl alcohol;

- The use of kvass, fermented milk products and juices, although very rare, can still increase the amount of alcohol in the body. Especially when it comes to natural homemade products, and not store bought;

- Most likely it will not work to deceive the breathalyzer, this can only lead to an invitation to take an alcohol test in a specialized medical institution;

- Do not try to hide alcohol with mouthwash or chewing gum;

- In any case, do not conflict with the traffic police inspector and tell him rude things.

How to increase the rate of elimination of alcohol from the body? A good solution would be a contrast shower, sound and long sleep, hot baths. Correct, healthy food and long walks in the fresh, clean air work well on the withdrawal of alcohol. Recall that when you exhale air, it is permissible per mille not more than 0.35.

Almost every drinker and not only a person has a question, what dose of alcohol will be fatal? It's not a secret for anyone that alcohol is a poison for our body, in moderation it causes the intoxication we want, but it is worth overdoing it and death is possible.

The lethal dose of alcohol for a person depends on many factors: age, gender, weight, the presence of heart disease, liver, gastrointestinal tract, etc. If we talk about average values, then according to the conclusions of scientists, the content in the blood of 5 ppm or more will be fatal for the human body.

A ppm is one thousandth of one substance in another. For example, 1 ppm of alcohol means that a liter of human blood contains 1 ml of pure alcohol, which is stronger than medical alcohol.

In simple terms, after drinking 100 ml of vodka, you will increase the blood alcohol level to 0.5 ppm, correspondingly one bottle of vodka equals 2.5 ppm, and then if you drink it all at once, because if you drink it gradually, then by the time the last glass will be drunk, the first will have time to be neutralized by liver enzymes.

In theory in order to increase the concentration of alcohol in the blood to a lethal dose, over 5-6 ppm, a person needs to drink about 3 bottles of vodka, and only within an hour, and at the same time should not vomit. That is, as you understand, the task, even with all its desire, is not very feasible, because our body also does not know how to protect itself.

If we talk about beer, wine and other low alcohol drinks, in which the alcohol content is low. Then the mark of five ppm is practically unattainable, for this you need to drink about 15 liters of beer with a strength of at least 4 degrees within an hour.

Despite the fact that reaching the 5 ppm mark is quite difficult, this does not mean that now you can drink too much without worrying about your life, because all this is very individual and for some it can be fatal 3, or even less ppm. Alcohol affects young and old people more than others. Much also depends on the efficiency of the drinker's liver and cardiovascular system. In any case, a large amount of drunk vodka will not lead to anything good, a fatal outcome is certainly unlikely, but the harm to the body will be very strong, and besides, it will not keep you waiting.

If we talk not about a single lethal dose, but in general, about mortality, in one way or another, associated with the use of alcohol, then according to the World Health Organization, it is 6.3% for men and 1.1% for women. But this is a worldwide statistics, if we take into account only Eastern Europe, which you and I belong to, then the numbers are simply shocking. According to data collected in the period from 1990 to 2001, almost every second man between the ages of 15 and 54 died from alcohol abuse. As a result, life expectancy has deteriorated significantly in Russia and the countries of the former USSR. Between 2000 and 2007, the average life expectancy for a Russian man was 59 years, while in the UK it was 76 years.