A distillation column is a device that separates liquids of unequal boiling points. This device is primarily used in industry. However, at home, you can assemble a device such as a rectification column with your own hands. More on this later.

Operating principle

The specified device operates according to the following algorithm:

• The tank is filled with raw materials containing alcohol.
• Heat it to a boil.
• As a result, steam is released, which condenses at the top of the column and is discharged into a special vessel.
• The remaining liquid moves in a circle again.

Necessary components

A quality home-made distillation column is obtained only from the correct materials.

The assembly process requires:

• Stainless steel pipe up to 150 cm long, up to 50 mm in diameter, wall thickness up to 1 mm.
• A thermos is required to make a reflux condenser. Its volume should be 0.5 - 0.75 l.
• Adapters for joining a dephlegmator and a pipe with a cube lid.
• Insulation, with the help of which the thermal insulation of the column packing element will be carried out.
• Tubing with a diameter of 4 to 6 mm for making outlets for water and refrigerator.
• A piece of stainless steel sheet in order to make support washers.
• Fluoroplastic for the thermometer sleeve.
• Drills of different diameters.
• Electric soldering iron, the power of which is 100 watts.
• Electric drill.
• Hammer.
• Pliers.
• Emery machine or electric drill attachment.
• Gas-burner.
• File.
• Sandpaper.
• Flux, solder (soldering acid).
• Hose or flexible tube 6 cm long.
• Thermometer.
• Tap adapter.

Assembly instructions

In this case, the following actions are required:

1. Cut a piece of pipe to the desired length. Then chamfer and trim off the edges.
2. To connect the distillate selection unit and the pipe with the device cover, make adapters. In this case, special attention is required. On the one hand, the existing adapter must fit tightly into the pipe, and on the other hand, it is equipped with a thread, the pitch of which is 1.5-2 mm.
3. Make support washers for the nozzle. Their diameter will ensure a snug fit into the pipe. Therefore, this parameter of the holes should correspond to 3-4 millimeters. Insert the washer on one side of the pipe. This is an important action. Solder the adapter in the place where the pipe joins the tank. In this case, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the soldering point beforehand. The tinned adapter is inserted into the pipe. Heat the soldering locus with a gas torch.

   

4. Construct column packing. Pour them into the pipe and shake it well to arrange them evenly.
5. Insert the support washer into the nozzle tube. Then place the tinned selection end. Heat the adhesion locus. Then put the heat insulator on the pipe.
6. Now we need to start disassembling the thermos. Sand the bottom of it with sandpaper. This place needs to be tinned. Build a bracket from tin, and loops from steel wire. Their significance is important. After that, insert the hinge staples into the hole and twist with pliers.
7. Then you need to nail the free end of the wire to the wall, before holding it in a vice. Take a thermos with both hands and jerk it sharply. This is necessary in order for the bottom to fly off.

   

8. Grind the welding seam connecting the lid and the thermos flask around the perimeter. This procedure is considered complete until a small gap appears along the entire edge. Separate the inner flask of the thermos from the outside.
9. Make a reflux condenser. For this purpose it is necessary to remove the bottom and the vacuum cap of the flask. This must be done scrupulously. Drill a hole in the inner flask along the back wall in the center to allow air to enter. The hole should be cleaned and tinned, then the pipe should be inserted into it and soldered. Make another hole in the center of the bottom of the thermos. Put the bottom on the flask. Solder the tube to the bottom of the thermos. This is a significant process.
10. Then it is necessary to remove the neck of the thermos and the selection unit. After that, insert them into each other and solder them. Holes must be made for the cooling water inlet and outlet pipes in the lower and upper parts of the outer flask of the thermos. This should be done carefully. Then it is necessary to solder the joints of the tubes. For the thermometer sleeve, drill a hole in the distillate take-off assembly. This is important. In the sleeve itself, make a hole with a drill along the diameter of the thermometer probe. Then insert the bushing and take-off assembly there.
11. After that, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse all the adhesions with a solution of baking soda. Then the reflux condenser should be attached to the column, after which the apparatus must be rinsed again with water.

    

Mini-version of the specified device

Currently, a small fractionation column is in demand. This device is available in the assembly and takes up little space. Industrial production drawings of the distillation column are difficult for ordinary people. However, the process of distilling alcohol at home can be much easier. An industrial format distillation column layout requires multiple trays to fully purify the final product. This makes the build process quite complicated. In order to make an assembly such as a rectification column, do it yourself at home, you will need available tools. The cooler can be made from a copper tube. To do this, you need to wrap it around the rectifier column. Metal scourers are made of stainless steel. During operation, their service life in the rectification column is long. On the existing 10 cm of pipes, you need to take one washcloth. The medical drip clamp can be used as a faucet at the outlet of the system. The distillation column circuit is usually terminated with a tube for communication with atmospheric air. Therefore, a thin medical needle from a syringe is ideal for this purpose.

If we briefly explain the theory of making alcohol and rectification, then this is actually a multiple distillation of mash, carried out in countercurrent trays. Instead of them, any elements with a large interaction area are usually used. For making at home a rectification column with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm, a metal sponge can act as a contact element. It must fill all of its internal content. During the operation of the rectification column, the distillate slowly flows downward, and alcohol vapors rise upward.

Do-it-yourself distillation column: assembly and verification features

Some models of this device imply the use of a 220 V boiler and running cold water for the cooler. All elements of the device can be connected to each other by means of ordinary soldering. Small deviations in the parameters when assembling a device so useful in the household will have little effect on the output product. However, to increase the volume of alcohol, the dimensions of the rectification unit should be increased several times. For example, a one and a half meter pipe of the column will provide an output of up to 30 liters of alcohol every 24 hours. At the end of the manufacture of the apparatus, lubricate all connections with soapy water and blow. Thus, unnecessary leaks in the form of bubbles can be seen. If the water cooler is connected to the water supply pipe, after switching on at full strength, after having previously muffled the outlet, leaks in its system are determined already under pressure.

Alcohol production process

In this case, some criteria should be taken into account. The temperature at which alcohol can be obtained from the wash in the distillation column at home varies from 82 to 84 ° C. This is important to know. Stop distilling alcohol at 98 ° C. Since at this temperature, the evaporation of fusel oils is in full swing. Due to repeated distillation of alcohol, its more complete purification is achieved.

Outcome

All of the above allows you to understand what this device is. Also from this we can conclude that the do-it-yourself distillation column at home is made without much effort. To do this, it is enough to have the desire and the necessary devices that will be needed to create the specified apparatus.

In this article, we offer you a variant of a rectification column assembled from available materials, with dephlegmator made from an ordinary household thermos. A thermos with a volume of 0.5 or 0.75 liters is an almost ready-made dephlegmator, which greatly simplifies the design and reduces the amount of work. The capacity of the column, in terms of rectified alcohol, is 1-1.5 l / h, depending on the pipe diameter. For the manufacture of some elements of the column, turning work will be required. As an evaporation tank (distillation cube, hereinafter just a cube), for raw alcohol (moonshine), you can use any suitable size, starting from two liters, the upper limit is not limited. The method of heating the cube can be any, but for safety reasons, you should try, if possible, not to use open fire for heating.

To make a column you will need:

From tools and accessories you will need:

During the operation of the column, to control the temperature regime and track the sequence of the output of fractions, you will need:

thermometer up to 100 g

A mercury thermometer can be used with a graduation of 0.5 g, in extreme cases 1 g. And better with an accuracy of 0.1 g. Can be used inexpensive multimeter with thermometer function.

It will also be needed to measure the pressure drop in the cube, although you can do without it.

To supply and remove coolant, you will need a flexible hose or a hose with a diameter of 5-6 mm.

To select the resulting distillate, a diameter of 5-6 mm is required.

And so, if there is a desire, to independently make a column to obtain pure 96% alcohol, then go to the store to buy the above materials and missing tools.

To do this, first of all, we will take the pipe to the turner, so that he would cut off the centimeters we do not need from the pipe, carefully remove the chamfers and thus cut off the edges of the pipe. If there is no turner, it doesn't matter, we cut it off evenly with a hacksaw for metal, as much as necessary, trying to maintain the cutting plane at an angle of 90 degrees to the pipe body. To do this, you can wrap the pipe in the place of the cut, evenly wrap it with electrical tape and cut along its edge. Then align the cut edges with a flat file and remove the burrs. We process the inside of the cut with a round file. Then we polish with sandpaper in order to prepare the surface for further soldering. Next, we will need to make an adapter for connecting the pipe to the cube lid, as well as a distillate selection unit. If there is a turner, then we order these parts for him. The adapters should be tightly inserted at one end from the inside or slipped on from the outside of the pipe. This will depend on the diameter of the pipe itself and the ability to grind or get an adapter for this diameter. On the other hand, the adapter must have carving ... Threads can be metric, inch or pipe. It is preferable to make the pitch of the thread at least 1.5 and no more than 2. If there is no turner, then you will have to buy an adapter at a plumbing store. 1 ”or 1¼” adapters will work, depending on the pipe diameter. It is better to take the adapter not nickel-plated, but brass, in order to make it easier, then tin it. But with the selection unit it is more difficult, you will have to improvise on the go, depending on the available parts and the configuration of the thermos neck. You can pick up suitable parts in a plumbing store and, by fitting to each other and then soldering them, assemble a selection unit. Then you need to make support washers for the nozzle. The diameter of the washer must be such that it provides a snug fit of the washer into the pipe. The holes in the washer should be drilled as often as possible and have a diameter of at least 3 and not more than 4 mm. Insert from one side into the pipe, the washer to the desired depth. Next, you need to solder an adapter to the pipe to connect to the cube lid. This requires a soldering iron, solder (or better, pure tin, it does not contain lead) and soldering acid. First, we clean the places of the proposed soldering on the pipe and adapter with emery paper or a file. Then we apply soldering acid and warm it up with a soldering iron with a drop of tin. Additionally, you can warm up the soldering point with a gas torch. As it warms up, the tin will begin to melt and spread. Thus, it is necessary to tin the entire surface of the adapter to be soldered, as well as the surface that will contact with alcohol (but this is if the adapter is not stainless steel). The stainless steel adapter does not need to be tinned. Remove excessive deposits of tin while hot with a cloth made of natural material (not synthetics). Then insert the tinned adapter into the pipe tinned in the same way and heat the soldering point with a soldering iron, or better with a gas torch. The tin will melt and securely fix the parts together. Then we start making column packing ... Next, we fill the nozzle into the pipe, periodically shaking the pipe slightly, for uniform laying of the nozzle. Don't shake too hard. Thus, we fill the pipe to the very top. We insert into the pipe, one more support washer for the nozzle. Then we insert the tinned end of the selection unit and heat the soldering point (naturally, the second end of the pipe is also tinned). We put a heat insulator of the required diameter on the pipe, and on this we can consider the manufacture of the rectification part of the column completed.

To do this, you need to clean the bottom of the thermos with sandpaper.

Make a kind of bracket out of a strip of tin.

Then make a kind of loop out of steel wire, insert it into the hole in the bracket and twist it with pliers.

Clamp the other end of the wire in a vice or nail it to the wall. Take the thermos with both hands, take it away from you and pull it hard. The lid (bottom) should come off. It should be mentioned that some bottoms are loosely planted and fall off quite easily, and some with very great effort and sometimes the bracket comes off at the soldering point, and the bottom remains in place. In this case, you need to increase the contact area between the bottom and the surface bracket, re-solder these parts and try again.

It is necessary to grind the welding seam around the perimeter that connects the lid and the flask. It is better to do this on an emery machine.

But you can also use a drill attachment. You need to grind as evenly as possible and monitor the appearance of a small, barely discernible gap between the lid and the flask.

You need to grind until a gap appears around the entire circumference.

After that, the lid is easily removed from the flask. Another flask will be visible under the lid.

If necessary, it can also be removed by turning the weld seam around the perimeter on emery.

Then the inner flask can be easily removed from the outer one.

As a result of all the manipulations for disassembling the thermos, we have two separate flasks.

But if any alterations in the design of the thermos are not provided, then you should not remove the inner flask from the outer one. To manufacture a reflux condenser, it is enough to remove the bottom and the vacuum lid and gain access to the inner flask. Further, in the inner flask, in the center, on the back side, you need to drill a hole for the tube to communicate with the atmosphere. Clean and then tin the soldering point, both flasks and tubes. Then insert the tube into the hole and solder securely. The hole must be of such a diameter that the tube is tightly inserted into it. This will make soldering easier. When soldering, try not to allow solder to flow onto the inner side of the flask. Then, also in the center of the bottom, drill a hole and tin the place of soldering, tin the mating surfaces of the flask and the bottom. Put the bottom on the flask and solder. Then solder the tube and the bottom. Then tin the neck of the thermos and the selection unit. Insert the take-off unit into the neck and solder by heating with a soldering iron or a gas torch. Carefully, without damaging the inner flask, drill holes in the outer flask at the bottom and top for the cooling water inlet and outlet pipes. Tin, insert tubes and solder. In the distillate sampling unit, drill a hole for the thermometer sleeve. It is desirable to make the bushing of fluoroplastic. Drill a hole in the bushing according to the diameter of the thermometer probe. Insert the sleeve into the take-off unit. It is also necessary to drill another hole in the take-off unit for distillate sampling. Insert the tube and solder. On this, the manufacture of a reflux condenser can be considered complete. Next, you need to thoroughly rinse all soldering points with a solution of baking soda in water. Then screw the reflux condenser to the column and rinse the entire assembly under running water.

Before using the column for the first time, you must carefully study the theory of rectification. Then it is necessary to drive the column as long as possible (several hours) without withdrawing the distillate in order to wash out the contaminants left after washing with water from the surface of the packing, pipe and reflux condenser. After that, you can begin to select head fractions in a separate container. These fractions will flush the condenser and distillate collection tubes from contamination. And only after that, proceed to the selection of the main one - food fraction ... If you do not understand something from the description, ask questions in the reviews and comments. I will try to answer them as soon as possible.

A variant of a reflux condenser with a large-diameter removable lid made of a stainless steel cup

Welding in this variant is also absent. A large hole needs to be made in the bottom. The hole should be of such a diameter that a small flask can hardly be pushed into it, that is, with as little clearance as possible. I made it with a special drill, which I made myself once. Now taiye (like) is sold for cutting round holes in ceramic tiles. There, in the center, there is a drill and two more incisors with victorious soldering along the edges, you set these two incisors to the required diameter and drill at low speed, pouring water. It takes 1-2 minutes. The hole is smooth, without burrs and scuffing. But it is advisable to drill on a drilling machine, with a drill there is a risk of breaking the cutters or pulling out the bottom. If there is neither such a drill nor a machine, then it is necessary to drill exactly in the center. Take a vernier caliper with a sharp edge and draw a circle of the desired diameter, then drill the maximum possible drill, then take a cone-shaped drill nozzle and bore the hole to the drawn circle, especially at the end you need to be careful so that the hole turns out to be even. Well, you naturally try on more often at the end of boring. This business usually takes 15-20 minutes. Next, you strip the edges to be tinned to a shine with sandpaper and tin them. Then you pull the bottom on the flask with light swaying and solder the junction. Further, it is more correct to do this at the very beginning. A large hole must also be drilled in the inner flask. Why is it big, but because instead of a lid, a conical stainless steel cup will be inserted there, cut by about half, you know the principle of closing a can of coffee? There is a rather large hole, but it closes tightly, due to the tightness and spring properties of the lid. The same is true here, the cone of the cup cuts very tightly into the opening of the flask, and no fluoroplastic or other caps are needed. and through this large hole, firstly, everything is visible what is happening there, and secondly, a hole is drilled in it for a tube that connects to the atmosphere, as well as for a tube into which the thermometer probe is subsequently inserted.

Quick jump to article

In the next step, you can tackle the heating element of the entire apparatus. For this, you can use a conventional boiler. Having retreated some distance from the end of the wire, so that there is enough to the device, you need to cut off a part, you will have to screw everything back after. The ends of the cord from the boiler must be threaded in such a way that when the lid is closed, the element is inside the body. After stripping the wires, they need to be connected back

It is important to take care of quality insulation.

The boiler should not touch the bottom, it is desirable that it is completely covered with liquid during operation. In the same hole through which the boiler cord passes, you need to insert the long end of the coil for the apparatus. The remaining gaps between the tube and the cord must be filled with pieces of cotton wool, making it tight enough. It is important to achieve the best possible sealing.

The resulting construction of cotton wool must be filled with superglue, which is made on a cyanoacrylic base. This will allow you to get the most tight connection using composite materials. After the glue has hardened, you will be able to obtain a tight, durable connection. It remains to make something like a casing for the fan, so that the air flows over the fins of the heat exchanger, represented by the coil.

To make the casing, you can use the tetra-pack packaging. If you are going to make a moonshine still, then you can use the technology presented in the article. Cut out a rectangle from the packaging, the width of which will correspond to the dimensions of the fan. These elements will be used for pasting the fan from 3 sides. On the fourth side, you need to bring the end of the coil in order to drain the moonshine. In the remaining side wall, you need to make a hole for this part of the tube and glue it with the previously used superglue. The walls can be glued together with tape. When it is manufactured to ensure maximum safety, it should be covered with a transparent protective screen.

On this we can assume that the mash column is ready. The fan can be powered by a computer power supply. To turn it on without using the motherboard, you must close the black wire with the green one. Experts use more compact 12 volt power supplies that you can find yourself.

Calculation of parameters and selection of materials

Before proceeding with the assembly of the column, you should decide on the dimensions and other characteristics of the apparatus.

1. The height of the tsargi If earlier the rectification columns were multi-meter structures, today home distillers use compact options - about 1.5 meters long. The main principle that should be followed when calculating the dimensions is as follows: the height of the pipe should be equal to approximately 50 of its diameters. Small deviations to one side or the other are allowed. However, the length of the drawer side cannot be less than 1 meter. Otherwise, part of the fusel oils will get into the selection, and there will be difficulties with the separation of fractions. Increasing the column height over 1.5 meters does not significantly affect the quality of the product, but lengthens the run time. In addition, it will be problematic to place such a structure at home. Optimum pipe dimensions: length - 1.3-1.4 m, diameter - 3-5 cm.
2. Material and wall thickness The ideal option for the tsarg is food stainless steel: it does not in any way affect the composition of the drinks. Copper will also work. The optimum wall thickness is 1–2 mm. More is possible, but this will make the structure heavier and increase costs without bringing much benefit. In addition, it is worth remembering that holes will have to be made in the walls.
3. Type and parameters of attachments As a contact element, it is easiest to use household stainless steel sponges, which are used to clean dishes. To check the quality of the metal, you can soak the product in a salt solution and leave it in it for a day: a good product will not rust. Alternatives are glass beads, certain rocks, and metal shavings. The packing density is 250–270 g of the contact element per 1 liter of the column volume.
4. Cube volume The distillation container is filled by 2/3, while the amount of alcohol-containing liquid should correspond to 10–20 volumes of the nozzle. For a column with a diameter of 5 cm, it is optimal to use a tank with a capacity of 40–80 liters, for a width of 4 cm - 30–50 liters.
5. Heating source The use of a gas, electric or induction hob is not recommended. The first option is dangerous, the rest do not allow for a uniform heat supply. The best option is electric heating using heating elements, which can be built into the cube yourself. The power of the elements depends on the volume of the cube: at least 4 kW for 50 liters, at least 3 kW for 40 liters, etc.
6. Type of thermal insulation material It must withstand high temperatures, be chemically inert. Usually they use foam rubber 3-5 mm thick, fluoroplastic or silicone (but not rubber!) Gaskets.
7. Docking Option If threaded connections are used, a sealant may be required. It is better to give preference to putting the elements on top of each other.

Choice of design

The size and design of the device depends on a number of factors:

1. Required performance. with a higher productivity, the drawer side with packing will be higher and wider - the steam passes more. The cooler and take-off unit must also provide sufficient efficiency. The minimum length of the sidebar is 1.5 meters, it is better to make it collapsible from three knees - 1 meter, 0.2 meters, 0.5 meters. this will allow the apparatus to be used for both distillation and rectification.
2. Possible sizes. Household distillation columns are often limited in size due to the height of the ceiling. To save space will help the displacement of the dimroth refrigerator in the upper part of the device, or placing it perpendicular to the tsar (Thor's hammer).
3. Access to metalworking technologies. A stainless steel apparatus will last a long time and will not oxidize alcohol, but argon welding or stainless steel electrodes will be required to connect the parts. It is difficult to cook stainless steel. If possible, you can use laboratory heat-resistant glass, but it is too fragile. A great option for the DIYer is copper. It is easily soldered with a gas torch, there are a large number of
4. The volume of the filled raw materials. The larger the cube used, the higher the performance should be. Alcohol evaporation occurs at 75 - 80 ° C, lowering the temperature will reduce the rate of the process.
5. Budget. With a minimum budget, a simple but effective design with mechanical adjustments should be considered. If the budget is not constrained, the device is supplemented with precise needle taps, additional units and automatic control.

Due to the special structure of the rectification column, it becomes possible to almost completely purify the final drink from fusel oils and impurities. Unlike distillation, the quality of the raw materials themselves does not play such a key role, since the organoleptic properties in the final drink are practically absent. The result is alcohol up to 96.6% strength with poor organoleptic properties, but pure. It can be used for the production of vodka and various tinctures.

Let's consider the principle of the device of the rectification column, and what parts it consists of.

Distillation column, drawing

Distillation column, operating principle

Rectification is the separation of binary or multicomponent mixtures due to countercurrent mass and heat exchange between vapor and liquid. Parts of the distillation column provide a consistent process:

1. Evaporation cube - storage and heating of bottoms liquid
2. Column - heat and mass transfer inside the column itself due to packing
3. Dephlegmator - vapor condensation, reflux formation
4. Selection unit - selection of phlegm and rectification

Let's consider the work of each part separately.

Evaporation cube

This is a container in which mash or distillate is stored and heated. It is also called a still liquid. When heated, the liquid evaporates, and the vapor rises up the column, where it is separated into fractions. At the same time, the cube serves as the base for the column. The cube can be heated on a regular or. Induction is faster and safer.

Also used as a heat source in some models.

Usually, the mash is distilled first to get the raw alcohol. The column must be switched to the distiller mode, that is, open the take-off valve as much as possible. After that, raw alcohol is distilled again, this time slowly and with the selection of the food fraction.

A thermometer is located on the cube to monitor the temperature of the still liquid. When the cube reaches 60-70 ° C, it is necessary to supply coolant so that the vapors can condense. Upon reaching 70 ° C, the power of the heating element must be reduced and left at this value until the completion of rectification.

Tsarga

The tsarga is the body of the column, its central part. Heat and mass transfer, which is the principle of operation of the rectification column, takes place here. It is she who makes the rectification process possible:

1. The liquid in the cube evaporates, and the vapor rises up the column
2. A reflux condenser (refrigerator) is located at the top, in which steam is condensed
3. The distillate flows down the reflux condenser and along the walls of the column
4. The liquid is in contact with steam on the walls of the packing, which is filled with the column
5. As a result of heat and mass transfer, the lightest boiling fraction accumulates in the upper part of the column.
6. The low-boiling fraction is condensed in the refrigerator and enters the sampling channel.

The column can be assembled from several drawers. The higher the column, the more intense heat and mass transfer takes place, and the cleaner the liquid is separated into fractions. Inside the column is filled with packing: SPN or RPN. Heat and mass transfer is impossible without a nozzle.

To speed up the rectification process, you can use. The walls of the column are heated, so the reflux, which is not in contact with the packing, evaporates from the walls. As a result, the process is accelerated and the degree of purification is increased.

Additionally, they can be used with a column. Heat-mass-exchange between hot steam and cold reflux also takes place on its surface. The degree of purification is increasing.

Rectification nozzle

The rectification nozzle is a versatile tool that consists of a selection unit and a cooler. Condensation of alcohol vapors occurs in the refrigerator, which returns downward in the form of reflux. The selection unit allows you to control the amount of alcohol that leaves the column. By controlling this volume, you can change the quality of alcohol, that is, the degree of its purification. The slower the process, the cleaner the alcohol is.

The attachment can be purchased ready-made or separately.

Alcohol collection unit

Used to improve cleaning performance

Distillation column automation

Rectification requires constant monitoring so that the head and tail fractions do not get into the food part. This process can be facilitated using BUR - rectification control unit. The block will limit the rectification selection in accordance with the specified program so that the tail section does not mix with the food. This way you can move away from the column without fear that the tails will end up in a clean rectified material.

BUR is an optional part of the distillation column, but it is much more convenient to work with it.

What's next

The resulting rectified alcohol will have a hard taste. Alcohol must be diluted, filtered and allowed to brew. For cleaning alcohol can be used, it is called. As a result of carbonization, the alcohol acquires a milder taste, the coal binds the remnants of fusel oils, which in small amounts penetrate into the drink even with fractional selection on a rectification column. This is how classic Russian vodka is prepared.

After sorting (diluting) and carbonating alcohol, you need to rest in a glass container for several days.

Read more about the design and operation of the rectification column in the corresponding product card.

The distillation column is today considered an ideal assistant in cases where you need to obtain pure and high-quality alcohol. Such devices are successfully used not only in industry, but also in domestic conditions. When using the column, it becomes possible to separate liquid mixtures with different boiling points. Let's take a look at how to make a household rectifier at home.

1 The role of rectification in home brewing

Starting to engage in the production of moonshine and other beverages at home, many are faced with the concept of a "rectification column". What is it for? How to operate it at home? Is it possible to make a structure with your own hands? - It is quite difficult for a novice moonshiner to answer these questions right away, especially since the principle of operation of the device is one of the most difficult in moonshine.

The first thing to do is to understand the function of the device. So, the main task of the apparatus for creating alcohol is to separate liquids, provided that they have different boiling points. Thanks to this, at home we get high-quality moonshine or pure alcohol, which is in no way inferior to alcohol made at the factory. If there are compositions with the same boiling point in the rectifier tank, then it will not work to get more or less high-quality alcohol, since the whole essence of the apparatus is in the evaporation and separation of liquids.

The principle of operation of the rectifier is based on a chemical process. The liquid at the bottom of the container begins to boil, as a result of which it rises up the apparatus. In this part of the system, a reflux condenser is located, in which liquids with different compositions are separated. One of them is taken and goes further, and the second returns back to the container.

Due to the important function that the rectification column performs, this design will become an indispensable tool for creating pure alcohol at home. You can also use it to prepare other home remedies.

2 Household rectifier - preparation for the manufacture of the apparatus

Having understood the principle of the device, you can start creating it at home. We need stainless steel pipes with a diameter of up to 45 mm. Their length should not exceed 120 cm. We will make a dephlegmator for separating alcohol from a thermos with a volume of no more than 1 liter. We will also need adapters for joining the dephlegmator, pipes and distillation tank of the unit. For all these details, it is worth choosing a stainless steel.

Buy insulation that will help create stable thermal insulation for all components of the device. We will make the support washers for the device from sheet steel. For the thermometer sleeves, we take a piece of fluoroplastic, and as outlets for water we use thin copper tubes with a diameter of no more than 5 mm. After preparing the materials, you need to make a detailed drawing. The scheme of the distillation column for alcohol should be as detailed as possible, but at the same time understandable for you. The drawing should indicate the dimensions of the device, the location of the holes and fittings.

In addition, in the drawing, specify the diameter of the pipes and adapters to them, the insulation material and the volume of the thermos. Do not forget to enter the dimensions and direction of the water drainage pipes in the apparatus diagram. A do-it-yourself distillation column cannot be made without certain equipment. Some of it can be found at home, the rest will have to be borrowed or bought. By the way, in order not to forget certain tools, it is better to include them in a separate list in your drawing. So, to make an apparatus for making moonshine at home, we need:

• electric drill with a set of drills;
• emery machine;
• a file, pliers and a hammer for cleaning and bending stainless steel;
• an electric soldering iron with a capacity of at least 100 watts;
• flux and solder;
• burner;
• conventional or electronic thermometer;
• adapters for cranes;
• flexible tube at least 10 cm long.

In the absence of at least one of these tools, it will not work to make a rectifier for alcohol. Therefore, it is worth preparing them in advance so that later you do not waste time in the search process.

3 Creating a device from a regular thermos

After we have drawn and checked all the drawings, collected all the tools and materials we need, we can start making an apparatus for preparing alcohol at home. It is worth noting in advance that we are faced with a complex and responsible operation, which can only be performed if we have experience in working with a soldering iron and other devices for processing stainless steel.

The do-it-yourself distillation column is made according to a special algorithm, which we will consider. First you need to cut off a piece of pipe, chamfer and stitch the edges. Next, you need to make an adapter, with which we will connect the column tube and the distillate selection unit. The adapter should fit into the pipe as tightly as possible, and in the other part it should have a thread of 2–2.5 mm. Thus, we will achieve automation at the stage of vapor condensation.

After creating the adapter, we proceed to the washers. The diameter of the parts must be such that they ultimately fit securely into the pipe. In most cases, the size does not exceed 4 mm. A pipe must be inserted into one part of the washer, and an adapter must be soldered into the other part - the junction of the element with the distillation vessel. Next, insert the adapter into the pipe and heat the place for soldering with a torch. After that, you can make a filler for the rectifier. We put the material into the pipe and shake the part vigorously. This will allow the filler to be evenly distributed throughout the column. In this case, it is worth making sure that our structure is filled to the top with material.

We are starting to create a dephlegmator. To do this, we take a thermos, clean its bottom with sandpaper, and then tin the bottom. Then we make a bracket out of tin, and also we make loops from steel wire. We put the latter into the holes of the staples and twist the joints with pliers. We clamp the free end of the wire with a vice and fasten it to the wall of the thermos. Next, shake the thermos vigorously so that its bottom falls off by itself. After that we grind the seam connecting the thermos lid and the flask. It is necessary to grind until a small gap appears at the seam site. Next, we take out the inner flask from its upper shell.

To make a reflux condenser, you need to remove the bottom and the vacuum lid of the thermos. Drill a hole in the center of the back side of the inner flask through which air will flow into the container. We clean and tin the hole, after which we push the tube into it. We seal the opening of the tube, after which we make another hole in the bottom of the thermos. We put a flask on the bottom of the container. We solder the tube and the bottom of the thermos. We tin the selection unit and the neck of the thermos. We insert the selection tube into the neck and solder it at the junction.

Next, we take a drill and drill holes in the upper and lower parts of the outer flask. We insert pipes into them for supplying and discharging water. Next, we drill a hole in the distillate collection unit. This is where we will place the thermometer sleeve. It can be either conventional or electronic. The main thing is to try to find a dish-shaped device. With such a thermometer, it is more convenient to monitor temperature fluctuations.

As we could see, making a rectifier at home is not an easy task. However, having completed the work, you will be able to produce pure alcohol, from which you can then prepare your beloved or moonshine on rose hips.

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