Inventor: Cornelius Vanderbilt and George Croom
Country: USA
Time of invention: 1853

The English word chips means "slice, piece". According to legend, the inventors of chips are the capricious American millionaire Cornelius Vanderbilt and the chef with the character of the Moon Lake House Hotel in Saratoga Springs, George Croom.

In 1853, Vanderbilt stayed at this hotel. During lunch, the capricious rich man sent potatoes to the kitchen three times, cut, in his opinion, too large. In response, the irritated Krum chopped the tubers into thin slices and sautéed them in oil. But oddly enough, the chef's provocation failed.

Vanderbilt was delighted and ate crispy potato slices throughout his stay. Chips have become the restaurant's signature dish and are called "Saratoga Chips".
There is a version that the chips were not invented by George, but by his sister, who was with him on the same day in the restaurant kitchen.

In 1860, Krum opened his own restaurant, which sold chips, but not to go. However, due to their ease of manufacture, chips soon appeared elsewhere. The restaurant worked for 30 years, until 1890.

Very soon, chips became popular among the American beau monde and entered the menu of fashionable restaurants in the United States.

In 1890, chips made their way from restaurants to the streets. Cleveland-based small merchant William Tappenden became a popularizer of chips. He owned a diner where he fried potato slices. The crisp overproduction crisis forced Tappenden to seek new customers. The product was soon sold on the streets of Cleveland from an old van adorned with potato chips. For the first time, they were served to customers in a bag, also adorned with an advertisement for Tappenden's establishment.

And in 1926, a certain Laura Scudder suggested wrapping them in wax paper. As a result, it became possible to store chips for longer, transport them over long distances and sell without the participation of the seller, because customers could take the bags from the store shelves themselves.

After the invention of the potato peeler by Herman Lay, the serial production of chips begins.

Until 1921, chips were known only in the United States.

Already in 1929, the first machine for the industrial production of chips was invented. It was invented by self-taught mechanic Freeman Macbeth, who sold the car to one of the firms. The eccentric inventor refused to pay for his invention, demanding only that he be allowed to poke at it when he wanted to.

Until 1940, chips were produced without seasoning. A small Irish company, Tayto, is developing a technology for adding seasonings and flavorings to the production, chips are sold with a bag of salt. Chips are becoming popular. After a while, the owner sells Tayto and becomes the richest man in Ireland.

Today there are two main recipes for making chips. The traditional way is to make chips from slices of raw potatoes, as Chef Krum first did. The quality of the raw materials is very important here: not all tubers can be used to make good crispy potatoes. They should be dense, with a low sugar content, without damage to the inside and with flat surface. From 5-6 kilograms of quality potatoes, 1 kilogram of chips is obtained.

For decades, breeders have been cultivating special varieties of potatoes that are most convenient for preparing this product. Frying oil, by the standards of most manufacturers, should not impart an off-odor to the chips. Therefore, in most cases, olive, soy or palm is used. After that, the ready-made chips are dried at room temperature, salted, sprinkled with spices and packaged.

The second method involves the production of chips from ground potatoes - flakes, granules or starch. The initial quality of raw materials intended for extrusion (wiping and drying) is also important, but precisely at the stage of production of bulk billets. The manufacturer of such "reconstituted" chips does not care about tuber defects and uneven roasting.

Chips made from mashed potatoes, which are then rolled and molded, are lower in calories than natural ones.

Interestingly, the inventors of the chips, the Americans, still eat more chips today than anywhere else in the world - almost 3 kg per year! According to statistics from the US Department of Agriculture, in exile potato chips account for 11% of all potatoes grown in the United States. In 1937, the Yankees even created a special research organization, the National Institute of Potato Chips, which took up scientific research in this area. And in 1961 it already became the International Potato Chips Institute.

In the 1980s, scientific studies emerged showing that excessive consumption of chips can lead to unpleasant consequences. Fatty chips are very high in calories, which is accordingly reflected in figure. Indeed, research has shown that Americans are one of the fattest nations in the world. American manufacturers have even launched low-fat chips, which are in high demand.

In the USSR, the first chips appeared in 1963 and were named "Moscow crisp potatoes in slices". The corresponding production was established in Moscow at the enterprise Mospishchekombinat No. 1. In Russia, the first chips appeared in the mid-90s.

A large number of foods that we eat were invented relatively recently, about 180-200 years ago, and in those days people did not need ketchup, yogurt or even mayonnaise at all.

Today, the favorite delicacy of children and adolescents is potato chips. 150 years have passed since the invention of chips, according to the history of their origin. Today potato chips are considered just "poison", and a long time ago they were prepared only for the high society of the United States of America. There is evidence that chips are the most popular food in the United States. Americans eat a lot more chips than the rest of the world.

According to the history of this product, the legendary American millionaire Vanderbilt Cornelius and the Saratoga Springs chef George Crum are considered the creator of the potato chips. Cornelius decided to dine at the Moon Lake House in 1853. One of the dishes was fried potatoes, which he refused to eat because they were cut into large slices and poorly cooked. The cook, whose name was Krum, was not at all taken aback and hastened to correct the unpleasant situation. He cut the potatoes very thinly and fried them over high heat in a huge amount of oil, until a beautiful golden crust, then diligently salted them. Vanderbilt Cornelius was delighted with the meal and ate a plate of golden potato chips every day while he was at the hotel. According to the history of its origin, Cornelius introduced the recipe for chips into the circles of high American society and on the menus of expensive restaurants in America.

Interestingly, the precursors of potato chips, French fries and French fries, were also food for rich Americans. Fried potatoes were not available to ordinary people, since vegetable oil was very expensive, so potatoes were usually baked or boiled.

In the early 90s, chips, as the story of their origin tells, stepped from expensive restaurants onto the street to small merchants. William Tappendem was one of them. He owned a small eatery that successfully sold fried potato chips. For this they began to call him "Ford of Chips". After that, it occurred to William that he was making much more chips than his customers eat, and he decided to look for completely new customers. Tappenden got hold of an old van somewhere with a great ad for amazing potato chips, and that day began selling chips all over the city of Cleveland. Tappenden first came up with the idea of ​​selling chips in paper bags, which also showed an advertisement for his establishment. This was a fundamental and major step towards the formation of the fast food industry.

The Glazed Chip Storage Box thanks Laura Scudder, who invented it in 1926, for its creation. According to the story, she came up with a completely new package in which the chips could be stored for much longer, transported over great distances and sold without the participation of the seller. Customers took these glazed chip bags from the storefront on their own.

In 1929, a special machine for making larger chips was invented, invented by Freeman Macbeth. In the history of the emergence of chips, this machine occupies the main position, since it was from it that the production of a product for the wide masses began. A little later, in 1937, an institute was built in America, which was engaged in the scientific advancement of chips. In 1950, as history shows, potato chips became the most popular and advertised commodity throughout America, they were broadcast on all TV channels.

And in the early 60s, according to history, this institute became the International Potato Chips Institute. The largest number of chips was sold in 1970 - about $ 1 billion.

The favorite delicacy of children and adults is thin and crunchy chips. Without them, it is impossible to imagine a youth party, watching football or an exciting TV series. Today we will try to figure out who invented the chips and what the technology of their preparation is.

What are Chips?

Have you ever wondered how the word "chips" is interpreted? The dictionary describes them as a snack made from thin slices of potatoes fried in sunflower oil.

According to the Great Encyclopedia of Culinary Arts, chips are thin slices of potatoes that are boiled or dried in hot air vapor. The second characteristic is potato waffles made from dried mashed potatoes.

Chips is also called one of the main ingredients of the signature English dish - fish and fries. It also contains fish that needs to be deep-fried. The delicacy is very popular among tourists and guests of Foggy Albion.

Crispy potato appearance

Who invented the chips that are loved by generations of people? The treat appeared in the 19th century in the United States of America. For the first time, they were presented to the world by Krum George, the inventor of chips. The delicacy appeared quite by accident.

Chef Crum George took revenge on his scrupulous visitor, who claimed that the potatoes he ordered were thickly sliced. The chef decided to cut the product into paper-thin slices and fry them in oil. After serving the dish, the fastidious client, having tried one little thing, was indescribable delight. Since then, the chips have won worldwide love and popularity.

Thanks to this story, we now know which chef invented the chips in 1853.

Cooking chips from days gone by to the present

The recipe for making potato slices has been constantly evolving. In the 19th century, only potatoes fried in oil and sprinkled with salt were used to make chips. As progress progressed, various spices were added to the slices. For example, curry and a mixture of dried aromatic herbs were famous spices for chips. Later, stabilizers and flavorings began to appear in the recipe. These components are extremely harmful to human health.

The history of making chips is very interesting. In gratitude to the one who invented the chips, one of the famous restaurateurs decided to introduce potato plates into the menus of his expensive establishments. At the beginning of 1900, the chips migrated from there to street vendors who made bright advertisements, beckoning people.

The owner of one of the points of sale came up with the idea of ​​packing finished products in paper bags. The residents of the town of Cleveland really liked this idea, and the chips began to fly apart literally before our eyes. Thus, a merchant named Tappendem became rich, and the delicacy became one of the favorites of people of all ages.

Potato slices cannot last long in paper packaging, which is why Laura Scudder invented the glossy packaging in 1926. It was very convenient for transporting and selling chips in stores. Soon a new problem arose - demand exceeded supply. It was for this purpose that Freeman Macbeth invented a special machine that was capable of producing large batches of chips. From that moment, the era of widespread production of crispy products to satisfy consumers began.

Where did you come up with the chips? In the United States, that is why the International Potato Chips Institute was opened there.

Manufacturing technology

Chips are made from fresh potatoes that are chopped into slices, strips, or plates. The product manufacturing process can be divided into the following stages:

• washing and packaging potatoes;
• peeling;
• cutting ready-made tubers;
• rinsing from starch;
• blanching (carried out to facilitate the subsequent manufacturing process);
• drying;
• frying in special deep fat fryers;
• adding salt and spices.

I wonder if the one who invented the chips could have guessed that after a century their production would reach such a high level, and the demand for the product would be colossal?

How the most popular types are made

To prepare 1 kilogram of chips, you will need about 5 kg of potatoes. There are two varieties of this delicacy:

• Classic. To begin with, the potatoes are cut into slices, washed under running water and deep-fried. After 2 minutes, spices, salt and flavorings are added to the product.
• Snacks. They are made from dry mashed potatoes, which are formed into bars and sprinkled with herbs and spices. Then they are fried, like classic chips.

Chips Ingredients

A popular delicacy is made from different bases, so chips are:

• potato (characterized by naturalness, characteristic round or oblong shape, weightlessness and crunchiness);
• fruit (made from pieces of dried bananas, apples or pears);
• corn and cereals.

Taking into account taste preferences, a distinction is made between sweet and savory slices.

It must be said that fruit and cereal chips have appeared on the market relatively recently and are not yet as wildly popular as potato varieties.

Making chips at home

Surely many would like to pamper themselves with a delicious delicacy of their own production without flavors and other flavors. So how to make potato chips at home? For this you will need:

• 3 potato tubers;
• 100 g unsweetened oatmeal;
• 4-5 st. l. flour;
• 1 large egg;
• 2 g yeast;
• spices, salt, pepper.

First you need to boil the potatoes in salted water and drain it. Crush the tubers until puree, add a small piece of butter and a pinch of mushroom seasoning. Dissolve the yeast in warm water and leave to swell for 5 minutes. grind until flour using a blender. When the mashed potatoes have cooled, add the oatmeal, egg, swollen yeast, and wheat flour. Knead the dough and leave warm for half an hour.

Then spread the parchment on the table and coat it with oil. Put a small piece of dough on the paper and knead it with a rolling pin. After that, cut out circles with a mug - future chips. Heat a frying pan and oil over high heat. Put the resulting blanks in deep fat and fry until crisp. You need to fry them for 10 seconds, but not more! After cooking, sprinkle the product with paprika.

This is how delicious chips are made at home from potatoes.

The name "chips" comes from the English "chips", which means "slice", "slice". The history of the creation of chips begins in 1853, and they appeared quite by accident. Once Cornelius Vanderbilt, a millionaire from America, stayed at the Moon Lake House in Saratoga Springs. While dining at the hotel, Vanderbilt expressed his displeasure three times at the fact that the potatoes were cut into too large slices. Local chef George Crum, being a man of character, ended up preparing thinly sliced ​​potatoes fried in oil for the millionaire. Suddenly, the chef's new dish was to Vanderbilt's taste. He gladly ordered it every time he dined at the hotel. Thus, "Saratoga chips", as they were called, became the restaurant's signature dish.

Seven years after the incident, in 1860, George Crum opened his own restaurant serving chips. However, over time, this dish has appeared in other places of food, which is not surprising, since making chips is not difficult at all. Soon, chips appeared on the menus of America's finest restaurants.

Until 1890, chips could only be enjoyed in restaurants or eateries. The situation was changed by William Tappenden - the owner of a small diner in Cleveland. He was the first to come up with the idea of ​​selling chips on the street in paper bags! Tappenden took this step in search of new clients during the crisis. He started selling chips from an old van.

After another 36 years, the idea was born to wrap chips in wax paper. It was expressed by Laura Scudder. Such packaging made it possible to transport chips and extend their shelf life. Thus, chips appeared on supermarket shelves. However, mass production of chips was only possible after the invention of the potato peeler. A little later, the first machine for the industrial production of chips appears. Freeman Macbeth created it. His invention was immediately acquired by one of the companies, which began the mass production of chips.

The chips were made without adding salt or any seasonings. In 1940, Tayto first began making flavored chips and began selling chips with a bag of salt.

In the Soviet Union, the history of the creation of chips begins in 1963. True, they were called not chips, but "Moscow crispy potatoes in slices", which was produced at "Mospishkombinat No. 1". In Russia, chips in their modern form appeared in the mid-90s and quickly became widespread.

Manufacturers now offer a huge selection of chips in a variety of flavors. Today there are two main methods of making chips. The first method involves the production of chips from pieces of raw potatoes (it is called traditional), the second - from chopped potatoes.

What path has the beloved delicacy made from the moment of creation to the present day? Chips, like any ingenious invention of mankind, have their own history. A history of chips begins in 1853 in the American city of Saratoga Springs. One of the fastidious and discerning patrons of the local restaurant "Moon" s Lake Lodge made an order, where one of the items was fried potatoes. One of the restaurant's chefs, an African American, George Krum, fell out. In response, Krum, deciding to teach a mischievous customer, cut a paper-thin potato and fried it in oil. In this form, the potato was served to the customer. To the surprise of the restaurant staff, instead of angry exclamations after trying such a dish, they heard praise. I liked the dish.

From that day on, chips (which in translation means "scales"), which is the name of the resulting dish, have become the signature dish of this establishment for a long time. And in 1860 J. Crum created his own restaurant. The main distinguishing feature of which was the plates with chips, which were on each table in small baskets.

Later still, thirty-one years later, an enterprising Cleveland street vendor named William Teppenden began selling chips from his street van. He wrapped each portion in a paper bag with an advertisement for his establishment. Thus, paper bags became the first packaging of everyone's favorite treat.

Laura Scudder in 1926 suggested using wax paper as a new package for chips. Thanks to such packaging, everyone could take the chips home, they did not break in such packaging and could be stored for a long time.

This dish began to become widespread in the late 50s, when their active advertising began in the American media. And after some 20 years, "scales" became so popular that the annual revenue from their sale amounted to more than one billion dollars.

To date, the income from the sale of chips is already over $ 6 billion. Their growing popularity is due to the fact that people in the hustle and bustle of their lives are very comfortable to take a bag of crunchy delicacies with their favorite taste and quickly satisfy their hunger.

Here is such history of chips... Today, chips are so popular that they began to be made from a variety of products - carrots, pears, bananas, beets, radishes. Almost all vegetables and fruits. For every taste for gourmets.