Experiments with materials. Chemical and physical experiments for children at home
Summary: Chemical experience - invisible ink. Experiments with citric acid and soda. Experiments with surface tension on water. Mighty shell. Teach an egg to swim. Animation. Experiments with optical illusions.
Does your kid love everything mysterious, mysterious and unusual? Then be sure to conduct with him the simple, but very interesting experiments described in this article. Most of them will surprise and even puzzle the child, give him the opportunity to see for himself in practice the unusual properties of ordinary objects, phenomena, their interaction with each other, understand the cause of what is happening and thereby gain practical experience.
Your son or daughter will certainly earn the respect of their peers by showing them experiences as tricks. For example, they can make cold water "boil" or use a lemon to launch a homemade rocket. Such entertainment can be included in the birthday program for children of preschool and primary school age.
invisible ink
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Lemon inflates a balloon
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Lemon launches a rocket into space
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Scattering toothpicks
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mighty shell
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teach an egg to swim
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"Bait" for ice
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Can cold water "boil"?
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Straw pipette
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straw flute
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Rapier Straw
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bird in a cage
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How does a square turn into a circle?
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strong newspaper
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Mighty Breath
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Record weight
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Did you know that May 29 is Chemist's Day? Which of us in childhood did not dream of creating peculiar magic, amazing chemical experiments? It's time to turn your dreams into reality! Read on and we will tell you how to have fun Chemist Day 2017, as well as what chemistry experiments for kids are easy to do at home.
home volcano
If you are no longer attracted, then ... Want to see a volcanic eruption? Try making it at home! To arrange a chemical experiment "volcano" you will need soda, vinegar, food coloring, a plastic cup, a glass of warm water.
Pour 2-3 tablespoons of table soda into a plastic cup, add ¼ cup of warm water and a little food coloring, preferably red. Then add ¼ of vinegar and watch the "eruption" of the volcano.
Rose and ammonia
A very interesting and original chemical experiment with plants can be viewed on a video from YouTube:
self-inflating balloon
Do you want to conduct safe chemistry experiments for children? Then you will definitely like the balloon experiment. Prepare in advance: a plastic bottle, baking soda, a balloon and vinegar.
Pour 1 teaspoon of baking soda inside the ball. Pour ½ cup of vinegar into the bottle, then put the ball on the neck of the bottle and make sure that the soda gets into the vinegar. As a result of a violent chemical reaction, which is accompanied by the active release of carbon dioxide, the balloon will begin to inflate.
pharaoh snake
For the experiment you will need: calcium gluconate tablets, dry fuel, matches or a gas burner. See the YouTube video for the steps:
color magic
Do you want to surprise a child? Rather, conduct chemical experiments with color! You will need the following available ingredients: starch, iodine, a transparent container.
Mix white starch and brown iodine in a container. As a result, you will get an amazing mixture of blue.
We grow a snake
The most interesting home chemistry experiments can be done using available ingredients. To create a snake, you will need: a plate, river sand, powdered sugar, ethyl alcohol, a lighter or burner, baking soda.
Pour a sand slide onto a plate and soak it with alcohol. In the top of the slide, make a recess where you carefully add powdered sugar and soda. Now we set fire to the sand hill and observe. After a couple of minutes, a dark wriggling ribbon will begin to grow from the top of the hill, which resembles a snake.
How to conduct chemical experiments with an explosion, see the following video from Youtube:
Who loved chemistry labs at school? It is interesting, after all, it was to mix something with something and get a new substance. True, it didn’t always work out the way it was described in the textbook, but no one suffered about this, did they? The main thing is that something happens, and we saw it right in front of us.
If in real life you are not a chemist and do not face much more complex experiments every day at work, then these experiments that you can do at home will definitely amuse you, at least.
lava lamp
For experience you need:
– Transparent bottle or vase
— Water
- Sunflower oil
- Food coloring
- Several effervescent tablets "Suprastin"
Mix water with food coloring, pour sunflower oil. You don't need to mix, and you won't be able to. When a clear line between water and oil is visible, we throw a couple of Suprastin tablets into the container. Watching lava flows.
Since the density of oil is lower than that of water, it remains on the surface, with an effervescent tablet creating bubbles that carry water to the surface.
Elephant Toothpaste
For experience you need:
- Bottle
- small cup
— Water
- Dish detergent or liquid soap
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Fast acting nutritional yeast
- Food coloring
Mix liquid soap, hydrogen peroxide and food coloring in a bottle. In a separate cup, dilute the yeast with water and pour the resulting mixture into a bottle. We look at the eruption.
Yeast releases oxygen, which reacts with hydrogen and is pushed out. Due to the soap suds, a dense mass erupts from the bottle.
Hot Ice
For experience you need:
- container for heating
- Clear glass cup
- Plate
- 200 g baking soda
- 200 ml of acetic acid or 150 ml of its concentrate
- crystallized salt
We mix acetic acid and soda in a saucepan, wait until the mixture stops sizzling. We turn on the stove and evaporate excess moisture until an oily film appears on the surface. The resulting solution is poured into a clean container and cooled to room temperature. Then add a crystal of soda and watch how the water “freezes” and the container becomes hot.
Heated and mixed vinegar and soda form sodium acetate, which, when melted, becomes an aqueous solution of sodium acetate. When salt is added to it, it begins to crystallize and release heat.
rainbow in milk
For experience you need:
- Milk
- Plate
- Liquid food coloring in several colors
- cotton swab
— Detergent
Pour milk into a plate, drip dyes in several places. Wet a cotton swab in detergent, dip it into a bowl of milk. Let's see the rainbow.
In the liquid part there is a suspension of droplets of fat, which, when in contact with the detergent, split and rush from the inserted stick in all directions. A regular circle is formed due to surface tension.
Smoke without fire
For experience you need:
– Hydroperite
— Analgin
- Mortar and pestle (can be replaced with a ceramic cup and spoon)
The experiment is best done in a well-ventilated area.
We grind hydroperite tablets to a powder, we do the same with analgin. We mix the resulting powders, wait a bit, see what happens.
During the reaction, hydrogen sulfide, water and oxygen are formed. This leads to partial hydrolysis with the elimination of methylamine, which interacts with hydrogen sulfide, a suspension of its small crystals which resembles smoke.
pharaoh snake
For experience you need:
- Calcium gluconate
- Dry fuel
- Matches or lighter
We put several tablets of calcium gluconate on dry fuel, set fire to it. Let's look at the snakes.
Calcium gluconate decomposes when heated, which leads to an increase in the volume of the mixture.
non-newtonian fluid
For experience you need:
- mixing bowl
- 200 g corn starch
- 400 ml of water
Gradually add water to the starch and stir. Try to make the mixture homogeneous. Now try to roll the ball out of the resulting mass and hold it.
The so-called non-Newtonian fluid behaves like a solid body during fast interaction, and like a liquid during slow interaction.
Remember the MOST IMPORTANT rule during chemical experiments - never lick a spoon ... :). And now seriously...
1. Homemade phone
Take 2 plastic cups (or empty and clean tins without cover). Make a thick cake out of plasticine a little larger than the bottom and place a glass on it. Make a hole in the bottom with a sharp knife. Do the same with the second glass.
Pull one end of the thread (its length should be about 5 meters) through the hole in the bottom and tie a knot.
Repeat the experiment with the second glass. Voila, the phone is ready!
For it to work, you need to pull the thread and not touch other objects (including fingers). Putting a cup to your ear, the baby will be able to hear what you are saying on the other end of the wire, even if you are whispering or talking from different rooms. The cups act as a microphone and speaker in this experiment, and the thread serves as a telephone wire. The sound of your voice travels along a stretched string in the form of longitudinal sound waves. 
2. Magic avocado
The essence of the experiment:
Stick 4 skewers into the fleshy part of the avocado and place this almost alien structure over a transparent container of water - the sticks will serve as a support for the fruit so that it stays half above the water. Put the container in a secluded place, add water every day and watch what happens. After a while, stems will begin to grow from the bottom of the fruit directly into the water.
3. Unusual flowers
Buy a bunch of white carnations/roses.
The essence of the experiment: Place each carnation in a transparent vase, after making a cut on the stem. After that, add food coloring of a different color to each vase - be patient and very soon the white flowers will turn into unusual shades.
What do we do conclusion? A flower, like any plant, drink water, which goes along the stem throughout the flower through special tubes.
4. Colored bubbles
For this experiment, we will need a plastic bottle, sunflower oil, water, food coloring (paints for Easter eggs).
The essence of the experiment: Fill the bottle with water and sunflower oil in equal proportions, leaving a third of the bottle empty. Add some food coloring and close the lid tightly.
You will be surprised to see that the liquids do not mix - the water stays at the bottom and becomes colored, while the oil rises to the top because its structure is less heavy and dense. Now try shaking our magic bottle - in a few seconds everything will return to normal. And now the final trick - we put it in the freezer and we have one more trick in front of us: oil and water have changed places!
5. Dancing grape
For this experiment, we need a glass of sparkling water and a grape.
The essence of the experiment: Throw a berry into the water and watch what happens next. Grapes are slightly heavier than water, so they will sink to the bottom first. But gas bubbles will immediately form on it. Soon there will be so many of them that the grape will pop up. But on the surface, the bubbles will burst and the gas will escape. The berry will again sink to the bottom and again be covered with gas bubbles, and again emerge. This will continue several times.
6
. Sieve - non-spill
Let's do a simple experiment. Take a sieve and grease it with oil. Then shake, pour water into the sieve so that it flows along the inside of the sieve. And, lo and behold, the sieve will be filled!
Conclusion: Why doesn't water flow out? It is held by a surface film, it was formed due to the fact that the cells that were supposed to let the water through did not get wet. If you run your finger along the bottom and break the film, the water will start to flow out.
7. Salt for creativity
We will need a cup of hot water, salt, thick black paper and a brush.
The essence of the experiment: Add a couple of teaspoons of salt to a cup of hot water and mix the solution with a brush until all the salt is dissolved. Continue adding salt, stirring constantly until crystals form at the bottom of the cup. Paint a picture using the salt solution as paint. Leave the masterpiece overnight in a warm and dry place. When the paper dries, the pattern will appear. The salt molecules did not evaporate and formed crystals, the pattern of which we see.
8. Magic ball
Take a plastic bottle and a balloon.
The essence of the experiment: Put it on the neck and place the bottle in hot water - the balloon will inflate. This happened because the warm air, consisting of molecules, expanded, the pressure increased and the balloon inflated.
9. Volcano at home
We will need baking soda, vinegar and a container for the experiment.
The essence of the experiment: Place a tablespoon of baking soda in a bowl and pour in some vinegar. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is alkaline, while vinegar is acidic. When they are together, they form the sodium salt of acetic acid. At the same time, carbon dioxide and water will be released and you will get a real volcano - the action will impress any kid!
10. Spinning Disc
The materials you will need are the simplest: glue, a plastic bottle cap with a spout, a CD and a balloon.
The essence of the experiment: Glue the bottle cap to the CD so that the center of the hole in the cap aligns with the center of the hole in the CD. Let the glue dry, then proceed to the next step: inflate the balloon, twist its “neck” so that the air does not escape and pull the balloon onto the spout of the lid. Place the disk on a flat table and release the ball. The design will "float" on the table. The invisible air cushion acts as a lubricant and reduces friction between the disc and the table.
11. The magic of scarlet flowers
For the experiment, you should cut out a flower with long petals from paper, then use a pencil to twist the petal to the center - make curls. Now dip your flowers into a container of water (basin, soup bowl). Flowers come to life before your eyes and begin to bloom.
What do we do conclusion? The paper gets wet and becomes heavier.
12. Cloud in the bank.
You will need a 3-liter jar, a lid, hot water, ice.
The essence of the experiment: Pour hot water into a three-liter jar (level - 3-4 cm), cover the top of the jar with a lid / baking sheet, put pieces of ice on it.
The warm air inside the jar will begin to cool, condense, and rise up as a cloud. Yes, this is how clouds form.
Why is it raining? Drops in the form of heated steam rise up, they get cold there, they reach for each other, become heavy, large and ... return to their homeland again.
13. Can foil dance?
The essence of the experiment: Cut a piece of foil into thin strips. Then take a comb and comb your hair, then bring the comb close to the strips - and they will begin to move.
Conclusion: Particles fly in the air - electric charges that cannot live without each other, they are attracted to each other, although they are different in character, like “+” and “-”.
14. Where did the smell go?
You will need: a jar with a lid, corn sticks, perfume.
The essence of the experiment: Take a jar, put a little perfume on the bottom, put corn sticks on top and close with a tight lid. After 10 minutes, open the jar and smell it. Where has the perfume gone?
Conclusion: The smell was absorbed by the sticks. How did they do it? Due to the porous structure.
15. Dancing Liquid (non-trivial substance)
Prepare the simplest version of this liquid - a mixture of corn (or regular) starch and water in a 2: 1 ratio.
The essence of the experiment: Mix well and start having fun: if you slowly dip your fingers into it, it will be liquid, flowing from your hands, and if you hit it with your fist with all your might, the surface of the liquid will turn into an elastic mass.
Now this mass can be poured onto a baking sheet, put the baking sheet on a subwoofer or speaker and loudly turn on dynamic music (or some kind of vibrating noise).
From the variety of sound waves, the mass will behave differently - somewhere condensed, somewhere not, which is why a lively dancing effect is formed.
Add a few drops of food coloring and you will see how the dancing "worms" are colored in a peculiar way.
16.
17. Smoke without fire
Lay a simple paper napkin on a small saucer, pour a small hill of potassium permanganate on top of it and drop glycerin there. A few seconds later, smoke will appear, and almost immediately you will see a bright blue flash of flame. This occurs when potassium permanganate and glycerin are combined with the release of heat.
18. Can there be fire without matches?
Take a glass and pour some hydrogen peroxide into it. Add a few crystals of potassium permanganate there. Now drop the match in there. With a light pop, the match will burst into a bright flame. This is due to the active release of oxygen. Thus, you can explain to the child in practice why it is impossible to open windows in case of fire. Because of the oxygen, the fire will flare up even more.
19. Potassium permanganate in combination with water from a puddle
Take water from a standing puddle and add a solution of potassium permanganate to it. Instead of the usual purple color, the water will have a yellow tint, this is due to the dead microorganisms in dirty water. In addition, this way the child will more accurately understand why it is necessary to wash hands before eating.
20. Unusual Calcium Gluconate Snakes OR Pharaoh's Serpent
Buy calcium gluconate at the pharmacy. Take the pill carefully with tweezers (attention, the child should never do this on his own!), bring it to the fire. When the decomposition of calcium gluconate begins to occur, the release of calcium oxide, carbon dioxide, carbon and water will begin. And it will look like a black snake will appear from a small white piece.
21. Disappearing Styrofoam in Acetone
Styrofoam refers to gas-filled plastics and many builders who would come into contact at least once with this material know that acetone should not be placed next to the foam. Pour the acetone into a large bowl and start dropping the Styrofoam pieces into it little by little. You can see how the liquid will bubble up and the foam will disappear as if by magic!
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If you're wondering how to celebrate a child's birthday, you might like the idea of putting on a children's science show. In recent years, scientific holidays have become increasingly popular. Almost all children like entertaining experiments and experiments. For them, this is something magical and incomprehensible, which means interesting. The cost of hosting a science show is quite high. But this is no reason to deny yourself the pleasure of watching the astonished children's faces. After all, you can manage on your own, do not resort to the help of animators and holiday agencies.
In this article, I made a selection of simple chemical and physical experiments and experiments that can be done at home without any problems. Everything you need to carry them out is probably in your kitchen or first aid kit. You don't need any special skills either. All you need is a desire and a good mood.
I tried to collect simple but spectacular experiences that will be of interest to children of different ages. For each experiment, I prepared a scientific explanation (not for nothing that I studied to be a chemist!). To explain to the children the essence of what is happening or not is up to you. It all depends on their age and level of training. If the children are small, you can skip the explanation and go straight to the spectacular experience, saying only that they will be able to learn the secrets of such "miracles" when they grow up, go to school and begin to study chemistry and physics. Perhaps this will arouse their interest in studying in the future.
Although I chose the safest experiments, they still need to be taken very seriously. All manipulations are best performed with gloves and a bathrobe, at a safe distance from children. After all, the same vinegar and potassium permanganate can cause trouble.
And, of course, when conducting a children's science show, you need to take care of the image of a mad scientist. Your artistry and charisma will largely determine the success of the event. Turning from an ordinary person into a funny scientific genius is not at all difficult - all you need to do is ruffle your hair, put on big glasses and a white coat, smear yourself with soot and make an expression corresponding to your new status. This is what a typical mad scientist looks like.
Before you arrange a science show at a children's holiday (by the way, it can be not only a birthday, but also any other holiday), you should do all the experiments in the absence of children. Rehearse that there were no unpleasant surprises later. Few things can go wrong.
Children's experiments can be carried out without a festive occasion - just so that it is interesting and useful to spend time with a child.
Choose the experiences you like the most and write a script for the holiday. In order not to heavily burden children with science, albeit entertaining, dilute the event with fun games.
Part 1. Chemical show
Attention! When conducting chemical experiments, you should be extremely careful.
foam fountain
Almost all children love foam - the more the better. Even kids know how to make it: for this you need to pour shampoo into water and shake it well. But can the foam form by itself without shaking and be also colored?
Ask the children what they think foam is. What is it made of and how can it be obtained. Let them express their guesses.
Then explain that foam is bubbles filled with gas. This means that for its formation, some substance is needed, of which the walls of the bubbles will consist, and a gas that will fill them. For example, soap and air. When soap is added to water and stirred, air enters these bubbles from the environment. But gas can be obtained in another way - in the process of a chemical reaction.
Option 1
- hydroperite tablets;
- potassium permanganate;
- liquid soap;
- water;
- a glass vessel with a narrow neck (preferably beautiful);
- cup;
- hammer;
- tray.
Statement of experience
- Using a hammer, crush the hydroperite tablets into powder and pour it into a flask.
- Place the flask on the tray.
- Add liquid soap and water.
- Prepare an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate in a glass and pour it into a flask with hydroperide.
After the solutions of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and hydroperide (hydrogen peroxide) merge, a reaction will begin to occur between them, accompanied by the release of oxygen.
4KMnO 4 + 4H 2 O 2 = 4MnO 2 ¯ + 5O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4KOH
Under the action of oxygen, the soap present in the flask will begin to foam and lick out of the flask, forming a kind of fountain. Due to potassium permanganate, part of the foam will turn pink.
You can see how this happens in the video.
Important: the glass vessel must have a narrow neck. Do not take the resulting foam in your hands and do not give it to children.
Option 2
Another gas, such as carbon dioxide, is also suitable for the formation of foam. You can paint the foam in any color you wish.
For the experiment you will need:
- plastic bottle;
- soda;
- vinegar;
- food coloring;
- liquid soap.
Statement of experience
- Pour into a bottle of vinegar.
- Add liquid soap and food coloring.
- Pour in soda.
Result and scientific explanation
When soda and vinegar interact, a violent chemical reaction occurs, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2.
Under its action, the soap will begin to foam and lick out of the bottle. The dye will color the foam in the color you choose.
Merry ball
What's a birthday without balloons? Show the children the balloon and ask how to inflate it. The guys, of course, will answer that by mouth. Explain that the balloon is inflated by the carbon dioxide we exhale. But you can inflate the balloon with them in another way.
For the experiment you will need:
- soda;
- vinegar;
- bottle;
- balloon.
Statement of experience
- Pour a teaspoon of baking soda into the balloon.
- Pour into a bottle of vinegar.
- Put the ball on the neck of the bottle and pour the soda into the bottle.
Result and scientific explanation
As soon as baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent chemical reaction will begin, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2 . The balloon will begin to inflate before your eyes.
CH 3 -COOH + Na + - → CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2
If you take a smiley balloon, it will impress the guys even more. At the end of the experiment, tie a balloon and give it to the birthday person.
See the video for a demonstration of the experience.
Chameleon
Can liquids change their color? If yes, why and how? Before setting up an experiment, be sure to ask the children these questions. Let them think. They will remember how water is colored when you rinse a brush with paint in it. Is it possible to decolorize the solution?
For the experiment you will need:
- starch;
- alcohol burner;
- test tube;
- Cup;
- water.
Statement of experience
- Pour a pinch of starch into a test tube and add water.
- Drop some iodine. The solution will turn blue.
- Light the burner.
- Heat the test tube until the solution becomes colorless.
- Pour into a glass of cold water and immerse the test tube into it so that the solution cools down and turns blue again.
Result and scientific explanation
When interacting with iodine, the starch solution turns blue, since a dark blue compound I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n is formed. However, this substance is unstable and, when heated, again decomposes into iodine and starch. When cooled, the reaction goes in the opposite direction and we again see how the solution turns blue. This reaction demonstrates the reversibility of chemical processes and their dependence on temperature.
I 2 + (C 6 H 10 O 5) n => I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n
(iodine - yellow) (starch - clear) (dark blue)
rubber egg
All children know that the eggshell is very fragile and can break from the slightest blow. It would be nice if the eggs didn't beat! Then you wouldn't have to worry about bringing the eggs home when your mom sends you to the store.
For the experiment you will need:
- vinegar;
- raw chicken egg;
- Cup.
Statement of experience
- To surprise the kids, you need to prepare for this experience in advance. 3 days before the holiday, pour vinegar into a glass and place a raw chicken egg in it. Leave for three days so that the shell has time to completely dissolve.
- Show the children a glass with an egg and invite everyone to say a magic spell together: “Tryn-dyryn, boom-brown! Egg, become rubber!
- Take out the egg with a spoon, wipe it with a napkin and demonstrate how it can now be deformed.
Result and scientific explanation
Eggshells are made up of calcium carbonate, which dissolves when reacted with vinegar.
CaCO 3 + 2 CH 3 COOH \u003d Ca (CH 3 COO) 2 + H 2 O + CO 2
Due to the presence of a film between the shell and the contents of the egg, it retains its shape. What an egg looks like after vinegar, look at the video.
Secret letter
Children love everything mysterious, and therefore this experiment will surely seem like real magic to them.
Take an ordinary ballpoint pen and write on a piece of paper a secret message from aliens or draw some kind of secret sign that no one but the guys present can know about.
When the children read what is written there, say that it is a big secret and the inscription must be destroyed. Moreover, magical water will help you erase the inscription. If you treat the inscription with a solution of potassium permanganate and vinegar, then with hydrogen peroxide, the ink will be washed off.
For the experiment you will need:
- potassium permanganate;
- vinegar;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- flask;
- cotton swabs;
- ball pen;
- paper;
- water;
- paper towels or napkins;
- iron.
Statement of experience
- Draw a picture or an inscription on a sheet of paper with a ballpoint pen.
- Pour a little potassium permanganate into a test tube and add vinegar.
- Soak a cotton swab in this solution and swipe over the inscription.
- Take another cotton swab, moisten it with water and wash off the resulting stains.
- Blot with a tissue.
- Apply hydrogen peroxide to the inscription and blot again with a napkin.
- Iron with an iron or put under a press.
Result and scientific explanation
After all the manipulations, you will get a blank sheet of paper, which will surprise the children very much.
Potassium permanganate is a very strong oxidizing agent, especially if the reaction occurs in an acidic environment:
MnO 4 ˉ+ 8 H + + 5 eˉ = Mn 2+ + 4 H 2 O
A strong acidified solution of potassium permanganate literally burns many organic compounds, turning them into carbon dioxide and water. Acetic acid is used to create an acidic environment in our experiment.
The product of the reduction of potassium permanganate is manganese dioxide Mn0 2, which has a brown color and precipitates. To remove it, we use hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 , which reduces the insoluble compound Mn0 2 to a highly soluble manganese (II) salt.
MnO 2 + H 2 O 2 + 2 H + = O 2 + Mn 2+ + 2 H 2 O.
I propose to see how the ink disappears on the video.
The power of thought
Before setting up the experiment, ask the children how to put out the candle flame. They, of course, will answer you that you need to blow out the candle. Ask if they believe you can put out a fire with an empty glass by casting a magic spell?
For the experiment you will need:
- vinegar;
- soda;
- glasses;
- candles;
- matches.
Statement of experience
- Pour soda into a glass and pour vinegar over it.
- Light some candles.
- Bring a glass of soda and vinegar to another glass, tilting it slightly so that the carbon dioxide produced during the chemical reaction flows into the empty glass.
- Carry a glass of gas over the candles, as if pouring them over the flame. At the same time, make a mysterious expression on your face and say some incomprehensible spell, for example: “Chicken-burs, mur-plee! Flame, don't burn anymore!" Children must think it's magic. You will reveal the secret after the enthusiasm.
Result and scientific explanation
When baking soda and vinegar interact, carbon dioxide is released, which, unlike oxygen, does not support combustion:
CH 3 -COOH + Na + - → CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2
CO 2 is heavier than air, and therefore does not fly up, but settles down. Thanks to this property, we are able to collect it in an empty glass, and then “pour it” onto candles, thereby extinguishing their flame.
How it happens, look at the video.
Part 2. Entertaining physical experiments
strong jean
This experiment will allow children to look at the usual action for them from the other side. Place an empty wine bottle in front of the children (it is better to remove the label first) and push the cork into it. And then turn the bottle upside down and try to pop the cork out. Of course, you won't succeed. Ask the children if there is any way to get the cork out without breaking the bottle? Let them say what they think about it.
Since the cork cannot be picked up through the neck, it means that one thing remains - to try to push it out from the inside out. How to do it? You can call the genie for help!
The genie in this experiment will be a large plastic bag. To heighten the effect, the package can be painted with colored markers - draw eyes, nose, mouth, pens, some patterns.
So, for the experiment you will need:
- empty wine bottle;
- Cork;
- plastic bag.
Statement of experience
- Twist the bag with a tube and put it into the bottle so that the handles are outside.
- Turning the bottle over, ensure that the cork is on the side of the package closer to the neck.
- Inflate the package.
- Gently begin to pull the bag out of the bottle. A cork will come out with it.
Result and scientific explanation
As the bag inflates, it expands inside the bottle, expelling air from the bottle. When we start to pull out the bag, a vacuum is created inside the bottle, due to which the walls of the bag wrap around the cork and drag it out with them. This is such a strong gin!
To see how this happens, watch the video.
Wrong glass
On the eve of the experiment, ask the children what happens if you turn a glass of water upside down. They will answer that the water will pour out. Say that this happens only with the "correct" glasses. And you have a “wrong” glass from which water does not pour out.
For the experiment you will need:
- glasses with water;
- paints (you can do without them, but this way the experience looks more spectacular; it is better to use acrylic paints - they give more saturated colors);
- paper.
Statement of experience
- Pour into glasses of water.
- Add color to it.
- Moisten the rims of the glasses with water and place a sheet of paper over them.
- Press the paper firmly against the glass, holding it with your hand, turn the glasses upside down.
- Wait for a while until the paper sticks to the glass.
- Remove your hand quickly.
Result and scientific explanation
Surely all children know that we are surrounded by air. Although we do not see him, he, like everything around him, has weight. We feel the touch of air, for example, when the wind blows on us. There is a lot of air, and therefore it presses on the earth and everything that is around. This is called atmospheric pressure.
When we apply paper to a wet glass, it sticks to its walls due to surface tension.
In an inverted glass, between its bottom (now at the top) and the surface of the water, a space is formed filled with air and water vapor. The force of gravity acts on the water, which pulls it down. This increases the space between the bottom of the glass and the surface of the water. At constant temperature, the pressure in it decreases and becomes less than atmospheric. The total pressure of air and water on the paper from the inside is slightly less than the air pressure from the outside. Therefore, water does not pour out of the glass. However, after a while, the glass will lose its magical properties, and the water will still pour out. This is due to the evaporation of water, which increases the pressure inside the glass. When it becomes more than atmospheric, the paper will fall off and the water will pour out. But you can't bring it up to this point. So it will be more interesting.
You can watch the progress of the experiment on the video.
Gluttonous bottle
Ask the children if they like to eat. Do they like to eat glass bottles? Not? Bottles are not eaten? And here they are wrong. They don’t eat ordinary bottles, but magic bottles are not even averse to having a bite.
For the experiment you will need:
- boiled chicken egg;
- a bottle (to heighten the effect, the bottle can be painted or somehow embellished, but so that the children can see what is happening inside it);
- matches;
- paper.
Statement of experience
- Peel off the shell of the boiled egg. Who eats eggs in shell?
- Set fire to a piece of paper.
- Throw the burning paper into the bottle.
- Put the egg on the neck of the bottle.
Result and scientific explanation
When we throw burning paper into the bottle, the air in it heats up and expands. By closing the neck with an egg, we prevent the flow of air, as a result of which the fire goes out. The air in the bottle cools and contracts. A pressure difference is created inside the bottle and outside, due to which the egg is sucked into the bottle.
For now, that's all. However, over time, I plan to add a few more experiments to the article. At home, you can, for example, experiment with balloons. Therefore, if you are interested in this topic, add the site to your bookmarks or subscribe to the newsletter. When I add something new, I will inform you about it by e-mail. It took me a lot of time to prepare this article, so please respect my work and when copying materials, be sure to put an active hyperlink to this page.
If you have ever done home experiments for children and put on a science show, write about your impressions in the comments, attach a photo. It will be interesting!
