Grapevine drawings with leaves. Grapes in genre painting (thematic selection)

21.04.2019 Restaurant notes

Yes, yes, now is the season for Muscat and Isabella, and Ladies' fingers are beautiful not only in taste, but even in appearance. Gzhelka11 made a wonderful post about grapes. I will try to continue it, calling for help, masters of world painting, depicting such juicy and sweet grapes on their canvases. Of course, I will not include still lifes in my selection, because there are so many of them! I will turn to my favorite genre painting and I will start, perhaps, with the most famous paintings. Angela, I give you all these clusters!

Karl Bryullov Italian noon (Italian grape picker) 1827

Caravaggio Sick Bacchus 1593

Lucas Cranach the Elder Madonna and Child with Grapes

Pierre Minyar Madonna and Grapes 1640s

Nicholas Gerhard van Leiden Jesus baby with grapes 1462
Michelangelo Bacchus 1497

Paolo Veronese Bacchus and Cercera 1560-61

Caravaggio Boy with a Basket of Fruit 1593

Annibale Carrachi Silenius picking grapes 1597-1600

Jacob Jordans Allegory of Fertility 1623

Bartolomeo Esteban Murillo Boys eating grapes and melon 1645-47

Bartolomeo Esteban Murillo Small fruit sellers 1670-75

Jan Steen Intemperance 1663-65

Jacob Ochtervelt Purchase of grapes 1669

Karl Bryullov Girl picking grapes in the vicinity of Naples 1827

Sylvester Shchedrin Veranda entwined with grapes 1828

Winemaking is a true art that is practiced all over the world. The vineyards from which wine is made form one of the most beautiful landscapes in the world. From the vineyards of the Old World in Italy or France to the vineyards of the New World in Argentina, Canada, Australia and the USA - this is exactly what you need to see. We suggest you enjoy this selection of photographs of the most beautiful vineyards in the world.

(35 photos total)

1. Los Alamos, Santa Barbara. (CHUCK ABBE)

2. Saint-Emilion, France. (WOODMO)

3. Trigny, Champagne, France. (VERONIQUE COUTIE)

4. Porrera, Catalonia, Spain. (SBA73)

5. Lavaux, Switzerland. (HOCKENSMITH PHOTOGRAPHY)

6. Kunde Estate, California, USA. (TOM MOYER PHOTOGRAPHY)

7. Ermonville, France. (VINCENT BRASSINNE)

8. Bruneolla di Montalcino, Tuscany, Italy. (RICSEN)

9. Balf, Hungary. (THOMAS LIESER)

10. Margaret River, Australia. (CALZEAN)

What are vineyards?

A vineyard is a plantation of wine grape varieties grown mainly for winemaking, but also for the production of raisins, table grapes and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science of practicing and studying winemaking is called viticulture. Winemaking is usually characterized by its terroir, the original French concept, literally translated as "a sense of place", which denotes the specific geographical and geological characteristics of vine plantations.

11. Hunavir, Alsace, France. (MARTIEN UITERWEERD)

12. Maurice Carrie, California, USA. (LASZLO M.)

13. Baden Wüttemberg, Germany. (CLAUDE05)

14. Vineyards on the Tedo River, Portugal. (AL GATOR)

15. Vineyards on Lake Chelan, Washington, USA. (ANDY SIMONDS)

Winemaking history

The first evidence of wine production dates back to 6000-5000 BC. The technology of winemaking has improved significantly in ancient Greece, but only by the end of the Roman Empire did viticulture become what we know today.

In medieval Europe, the church was a reliable supporter of wine, which was necessary for church service. During the instability of the Middle Ages, monasteries preserved and developed the technology of viticulture. Possessing resources, means and knowledge, they were interested in improving the quality of their wine.

European vineyards were mostly planted with different species of Vitis vinifera. However, at the end of the 19th century, entire species were virtually destroyed by the aphid of the phylloxera, accidentally introduced to Europe from North America. The Native American grapevine includes a species such as Vitis labrusca that is resistant to aphids. Vitis vinifera was saved by grafting American grape varieties onto root shoots, despite the fact that there is still no anti-phylloxera remedy that still poses a threat to every unvaccinated vine.

16. Mission, California, USA. (-DSH-)

17. Handorf, Australia. (ANDY RASHEED OF EYE FOOD PHOTOGRAPHY)

18. Vineyards of the Golden Hills, Switzerland. (PIZZODISEVO)

19. Vineyards of the Napa Valley, California, USA. (JOSH MAZGELIS)

20. Verzenay, France. (VINCENT BRASSINNE)

Modern winemaking

The search for higher vineyard productivity has created a wide variety of systems and technologies. Due to the more fertile lands of the New World, attention has focused largely on creating the conditions for more vigorous growth of the vine. Innovations in the garter (the direction of the vine, usually along the net) and crop pruning, as well as the methods of thinning the shoots (which serve to optimize the ratio of Foliage / Fruit Size (RL / P) relative to the microclimate), have largely replaced the generally accepted, traditional concepts, such as “Yield per unit area” instead of “maximizing yield to the desired amount.”

Other modern practices include spraying the vine with water to protect it from low temperatures, new grafting techniques, cutting the grooves in the ground, and mechanically harvesting. These technologies have made it possible to develop wine production in New World countries such as Canada. Today, there is growing interest in the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable grapes. Biodynamics is becoming increasingly popular in viticulture. The use of drip irrigation in recent years has made it possible to plant grapes in places where previously it was considered impossible. Due to improved irrigation, the crop has become more sustainable.

21. Vineyards on Lake Chelan, Washington, USA. (ANDY SIMONDS)

22. Collio, Italy. (TERRY)

23. Vineyards of the Napa Valley, California, USA. (TURBULENTFLOW)

24. Pengrove, California. (AL THE WOP)

25. Baden Wüttemberg, Germany. (EDDYBOX43)

The word "terroir" comes from the word "terre" meaning earth. Originally, it was the original French term for wine, coffee, and tea, used to refer to special characteristics, such as geography, geology, and climate of a particular territory, awarded for rare species. Agricultural land in the same region shares similar soil, weather conditions and agricultural technology, each of which makes a significant contribution to future crops.

Grapes (lat.Vitis) - this is one of the most useful and delicious berries of the Grape family (lat. Vitaceae). Its healing and nutritional values \u200b\u200bare well known to everyone.

Fruits include light sugars such as fructose and glucose. Also include citric, tartaric, oxalic and malic acids, also contain chemical elements (iodine, sodium, aluminum, boron), and vitamins C, B and A.

History of the Divine Berry

Such a wonderful berry as grapes is the first cultivated plant. It was first grown five centuries BC in Egypt. In the modern world there is no continent on which this cluster does not grow.

The first who brought a grape shoot to the Crimea were the Greek sailors. O. Pushkin often described in his works the beauty of the grape Crimea.

Viticulture as such appeared in Transcaucasia, as well as Central Asia. Then the grape shoot came to Moldova overcoming the Balkans.

Grape Description

Grapes is a member of the Grape family. The stems are vines. From the seeds in the first year a small shoot (vine) grows.

The next year, well-developed stems grow from the seedlings of grape seedlings, and the next year, the buds provide stronger sprouts.

Flowers form a white panicle inflorescence. Fruits are the representation of ovoid berries that form a bunch. Color can be varied from green and yellow to dark purple.

Features of planting and care

Grapes - a plant that loves warmth and light, grows well in windless places (gardens, valleys, sheltered from the wind by highlands, stone elevations).

Dark grape varieties require a warmer climate for productive growth than light grape varieties. Therefore, in areas with a non-hot climate, it is best to grow light varieties.

All types of soil are suitable for planting grapes, except for marshy places and waterlogged soil, since grapes on this land will not produce the desired fruits.

Choosing a seat. If your soil is waterlogged, be sure to make a drainage system.

The landing site is prepared in two weeks by multi-tier digging. In addition, if the selected area has a high acidity (pH<7), вносят известь в соотношении 200 г на 1м2 . Если грунт не плодовитый, то его подпитывают минеральными удобрениями и перегноем с расчётом 1 тачка на 2-3 м2 .

In order for the grapes to grow actively, it is necessary for him to create a support system. It is a wooden block stuck into the ground to a depth of half a meter (2m). An iron wire is pulled over them along which the vines will grow. If the landing site is near the wall, then the distance between the wire should be 30 cm.

Planting grapes. In the south, grape planting begins from October to March - April. For less warm areas, the right time is early spring before the buds begin to bloom. Cuttings plant when the temperature of the earth in the pit will be about 10 ° C.

If planting is done near a fence or wall, the distance between the seedlings should be approximately 1-1.5 meters and a distance of half a meter from the wall.

Watering and moistening the soil. The land for grapes must be “fed” with fertilizers before planting. Early in the spring, the landing site is covered with a thick layer of humus (3cm).

So that the shoots do not suffer from a lack of magnesium in the soil, it is worth spraying a mixture of magnesium sulfate (200 g) with 9-10 liters of water. The stems that grow near the fence need constant moisture, but do not overdo it.

Variety of varieties

At the moment, up to 600-700 species of this berry are recorded. The science that studies varieties, hybrids, a species variety is called ampelography.

Currently, varieties are divided into 3 groups:

American
East Asian.
European-West Asian.

The last group includes only Red grapes (Vitis vinifera), which includes all grape varieties grown to produce selected berries. They have excellent fruiting; I grow berries of good quality. But they are very suffering from frost and disease.

The little-studied East Asian group has up to 45 types of grapes. Due to the worse quality of the clusters, they are practically not used in practical terms.

Frost-resistant species - Amur, used to create varieties resistant to frost. A distinctive feature is their resistance to diseases of various types (fungal diseases, phylloxera). Capable of interspecific hybridization, since the plants are dioecious.

Grape diseases

Greenhouse grapes often suffer from diseases than the one that grows in the fresh air. Grapes planted in open soil suffer from sores such as mildew and oidium.