We so often succumb to the influence of fashion and in cooking as well. Remember before it was cupcakes and cakes with berry caps, but now we all drink water with lemon and eat superfoods for breakfast / lunch / dinner. Of course, the topic of superfoods is very complex, but no less interesting. I started my acquaintance with them with chia seeds. But let's go in order! First, let's figure out what "superfood" is and what it is eaten with?

Nowadays it has become fashionable to call food products "superfoods", which radically differ in their valuable properties from all other food products. Superfoods are absolutely natural (without technological interventions), they are real gifts of nature from different parts of the world. Their composition can provide all the needs of an active lifestyle and even heal the body, while they are neither drugs nor dietary supplements. Of course, you shouldn't expect a miracle and think that "superfood" is a panacea for any ailment. You should not expect an instant healing effect. Any superfood shows its maximum potential only with prolonged and systemic use.

Perhaps the most famous superfood is physalis berries. Yes, yes, these are the very berries with which they like to decorate cakes and pastries, and we often put them aside, thinking that this is just an inedible confectionery props. Meanwhile, physalis fruits have a huge content of carotene, vitamins A, C, P, protein, phosphorus.

Back to my favorite seeds :). Previously, chia could only be ordered on iherb, but now they are sold in any large supermarket. Yes, they are not cheap, but they are worth every penny. It is an excellent source of Omega fatty acids (as you understand it is absolutely vegetarian), as well as minerals (calcium, iron, potassium, zinc), vitamins (B3, B2, B1) and dietary fiber. Chia contains 3 times more antioxidants than blueberries and 8 times more omega acids than salmon. In short, superfood!

Chia seeds are now part of our daily diet. They have neither taste nor aroma. Although many people talk about a pronounced nutty taste, I do not feel it. More often than not, I just add it to my favorite yogurt “B. Yu. Aleksandrov "with natural vanilla, I put it in the refrigerator overnight, and in the morning I get a wonderful, and most importantly, healthy pudding. In general, there are a great many options for chia seed puddings, another of my favorite recipes is coconut milk pudding. It is prepared very simply - we soak chia seeds in coconut milk, add cinnamon, any natural sweetener (Jerusalem artichoke syrup, agave, stevia or just honey) and send it to the refrigerator overnight. And in the morning we add our favorite fruit puree, in our case, mango :).

The only thing is, if you buy coconut milk, be sure to pay attention to its composition. There should be no stabilizers or citric acid. Only processed coconut pulp and water. I take this one marked with "ORGANIC":

Ingredients

• 400 ml Coconut milk (cream)
• 4 tbsp. spoons Chia seeds
• 2 tbsp. spoons Jerusalem artichoke syrup (or honey)
• 1/3 teaspoon Ground cinnamon
• 1 PC Mango
• for decoration Coconut flakes
• for decoration Mint

Servings: portions

Can be used in a wide variety of dishes. For example, sprinkle on baked goods or salads, add to yogurt or cottage cheese. They go well with various cereals, but they go best with rice. Chia has a pleasant nutty flavor, so it will be difficult to spoil the dish with them.

The use of chia in cooking

They can be used as a thickener in puddings, jelly, sauces, replacing flour or starch. In addition, chia seeds can replace eggs in recipes that require binding of ingredients. 1 table. a spoonful of chia mixed with ¼ cup of water replaces an egg. If you use this substitute for one of the four eggs required by the recipe, it will not affect the taste of the dish at all. The seeds are good for cooking meat dishes like cutlets and rolls.

Chia will help save the dough if it is too runny. You just need to add seeds until it acquires the required consistency.

Chia Milk Pudding

You will need:

• 1/2 cup chia seeds
• 2 cups milk (you can use any: cow, goat, soy, almond, coconut),
• salt on the tip of a knife,
• sweetener to taste (any: sugar, honey, stevia,)

Preparation

1. Combine all ingredients. Mix well.
2. Pour the mixture into portioned jars and leave for at least 30 minutes.

It is good to cook such pudding for future use - it can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 5 days.

Mango-coconut chia pudding

You will need:

• 2 table. chia seeds
• ½ cup coconut milk
• 1/2 cup almond milk (unsweetened)
• ¾ cups diced ripe mango pulp,
• 1 table. a spoonful of sweetened grated coconut,
• honey or sugar to taste

Preparation

1. Mix all ingredients in a large bowl. Close tightly and refrigerate for 6-8 hours.
2. Place in bowls. Garnish with mint leaves and mango pieces before serving.

Chia Energy Breakfast

You will need:

• 2 cups almond milk
• 1/2 cup chia seeds
• vanillin on the tip of a knife (if desired, you can use vanilla seeds or vanilla extract),
• 1.5 table. tablespoons of maple syrup (the amount can be varied to taste),
• nuts: almonds, hazelnuts, cashews, walnuts, pine nuts (alone or a mixture),
• any fruits and berries

Preparation

1. Combine chia, almond milk, syrup and vanilla. Mix thoroughly. Close the bowl and let the mixture sit for 7-8 hours (it is convenient to leave it overnight).
2. Coarsely chop the nuts, finely chop the fruits and berries. Mix in the finished pudding.

On the basis of this pudding, you can make a different breakfast: beat the avocado in a blender and add to the pudding along with 2 tables. spoons of cocoa.

Yoghurt breakfast with oatmeal and chia

You will need:

• ½ cup regular oatmeal
• ½ cup plain yogurt
• 2/3 cup milk
• 1 table. a spoonful of chia seeds,
• 2 table. tablespoons of fresh berries or jam (strawberry is good),
• 1 medium banana

Preparation

1. Puree the banana. Add all the other ingredients to it. Mix until smooth.
2. Transfer the mixture to a jar or cup. Cover tightly (can be tightened with cling film). Refrigerate overnight. Stir well before serving.

Salted Chia Crackers

You will need:

• 2 cups cooked brown rice
• 2 cups boiled quinoa seeds,
• 2/3 cup sesame seeds
• 1/2 cup chia seeds
• 2 table. spoons of soy sauce,
• ¾ tea. tablespoons of salt
• 3 table. tablespoons of olive oil

Preparation

1. Soak flaxseeds in ½ cup water for 20 minutes.
2. Dry the sesame seeds in a dry skillet.
3. Whisk rice, quinoa, flaxseeds and butter in a blender until smooth. If the mixture is soft, add a little water (it should not stick in a lump).
4. Add sesame seeds and mix thoroughly. Normally, the dough should be very sticky.
5. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper. Lay out the dough and roll out into a thin layer. Sprinkle with any herbs, seasonings or nuts if desired. Cut into portions.
6. Cover the dough with another layer of parchment paper and bake in the oven at 175 degrees for about half an hour. The dough should be golden brown and crispy.
7. Remove the crackers from the oven, leave at room temperature until they cool, break along the marked lines.

Store crackers in a tightly closed plastic container. Sprinkle them with cumin, seeds, nuts, chia seeds, rosemary, cinnamon, chopped olives, or grated cheese like Parmesan.

Blondie Chia Pumpkin Cookie

You will need:

• 1 medium banana
• 250 g peeled pumpkin
• 2 table. chia seeds
• ½ tea spoons of soda,
• 1 tea spoons of baking powder,
• 1 tea a spoon with a slide of cinnamon,
• ¼ tea. a spoonful of ground ginger,
• ground cloves on the tip of a knife,
• ¼ tea. tablespoons of nutmeg,
• ¼ cup sweetener (you can use stevia, agave, or cane sugar)
• 2 table. tablespoons of coconut oil

Preparation

1. Preheat the oven to 180 degrees.
2. Mix all dry ingredients in a bowl.
3. Beat the banana in a blender until the consistency of mousse. Add to dry ingredients mixture. Add oil and pumpkin. Beat until smooth (it should be sticky).
4. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper. Lay out the dough and roll out to a thickness of 1 cm. Cut into portions.
5. Place in the oven and bake until tender (about 20 minutes). Check the doneness by piercing the cookies with a wooden toothpick. If the dough doesn't stick, the blondies are ready.

No-fry vegan chia falafel

You will need:

• ½ zucchini or young zucchini,
• 1 carrot,
• green onions and cilantro to taste,
• sun-dried tomatoes to taste,
• 3 table. chia seeds
• 7-8 champignons,
• sesame seeds for sprinkling

Preparation

1. Grind the zucchini, carrots, onions, cilantro and mushrooms in a blender, but not until smooth.
2. Add chia seeds pre-soaked for 5 minutes to vegetables along with finely chopped tomatoes. To stir thoroughly.
3. Form into balls of the same size and roll in sesame seeds.

You can only store falafels in the refrigerator and up to 7 hours.

Chia-breaded salmon

You will need:

• 400 g salmon fillet (one strip),
• ½ cup chia seeds
• ¼ cups of sesame seeds

For the sauce:

• 1 tea a spoonful of honey
• 1 table. a spoonful of olive oil
• lemon zest, salt and pepper to taste

Preparation

1. Wash the fish and pat dry with a paper towel.
2. Mix chia and sesame seeds. Dip the fish thoroughly in the seed mixture.
3. Place fish on a baking sheet or wire shelf. Bake for 12 minutes on each side.
4. Prepare the sauce. Mix honey and butter, add lemon zest, season with salt and pepper to taste.
5. Serve the fish with the sauce. Spinach and rice or durum wheat spaghetti work well as a side dish.

Chia omelet

You will need:

• 1 egg,
• 1 table. a spoonful of chia seeds (better than white),
• medium onion,
• 1 table. a spoonful of milk
• 50 g spinach
• butter or vegetable oil for frying,
• salt, pepper to taste

Preparation

1. Beat the egg with milk. Add chia seeds and let sit for 15 minutes.
2. Cut the onion into thin half rings and fry in a skillet in oil until golden brown.
3. Add chia eggs and spinach to the skillet. Cover and grill until tender over low heat. Season with salt and pepper to taste.

Chia water

You will need:

• 1 cup chia seeds (pre-wash and strain)
• 100 ml freshly squeezed lemon juice,
• 1 cup dark brown sugar (can be substituted with stevia or sweetener in an appropriate amount)
• 2.5 l of boiled water

Preparation

1. Soak the chia in 0.5 l of water for an hour.
2. Add lemon juice and sugar to the remaining water. Stir until sugar dissolves.
3. Add chia to the water and refrigerate for 2 hours. Stir before serving.

This is the basic version of the drink. You can add mint, lemon balm or lime to it and serve over ice.

Fruit smoothie with chia and goji berries

You will need:

• 1 large banana
• 2 tangerines (can be substituted with pears or mangoes),
• 2 tea chia seeds
• 1 tea a spoonful of goji berries (soak in advance),
• 100 ml of boiled or filtered water.

Preparation

Combine all ingredients in a blender until smooth. Serve in tall glasses.

You can make breakfast based on this smoothie. To do this, add muesli or oatmeal to the mixture before whipping.

Tired of eating omelet and oatmeal in the morning? We offer you an alternative option - chia pudding. The best recipes for this delicious are presented in the article. Good luck with your culinary business!

general information

Chia seeds - the so-called grains of the Spanish sage, which grows in South America. Local residents have used them for medicinal purposes for a long time. It contains many trace elements: zinc, phosphorus, potassium. They also contain vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids.

When these grains are eaten, the level of cholesterol in the blood is normalized, metabolic processes are improved, and mental activity is enhanced. It has been proven to improve intestinal motility. Here's how to make the pudding with its grains.

Chia pudding: recipe with yogurt and raspberries

List of products (per serving):

• Honey (the variety is not important) - 1 tsp.
• Natural (Greek) yogurt - 170 g.
• Chia seeds - 5 grams is enough.
• Raspberries (frozen) - 50 g.
• Peanuts (without shell) - 15 g.

Cooking process

Place raspberries in a bowl made of thick glass. Pour in yogurt and honey in the right amount there. Whisk these ingredients using a hand blender. The resulting mass is carefully poured into a tall glass on a leg. Add chia seeds. Mix with a teaspoon. We send the glass along with the contents to the middle shelf of the refrigerator.

How long should the dessert be there? Four hours is the minimum. Ideally, if it will stand until the morning. Then we take our soft pink chia pudding out of the refrigerator. Sprinkle it with chopped peanuts. Decorate with whole raspberries. Breakfast or afternoon tea is ready. Enjoy your meal.

Cooking chia pudding with coconut milk

Required ingredients (per serving):

1. Walnuts (without shell) - one handful is enough.
2. Kiwi - 1 piece.
3. Coconut milk - ¾ cup
4. One small banana.
5. Honey (any sort) - to taste.
6. Chia seeds - ¼ cup

Practical part

We take a small bowl. Pour the chia seeds into it. Fill with coconut milk. We put it in the refrigerator for the night, and be sure to put the container on the middle shelf. In the morning we take out the frozen mass. You don't need to remove anything from the bowl. We just mix its contents. Top with sliced ​​kiwi and banana. Sprinkle the chia pudding with nuts and pour over the honey. Now let's get down to tasting. Unrivaled taste, isn't it ?!

Blueberry Coconut Chia Pudding Recipe

Product set:

• Regular sugar - 1 tbsp is enough. l.
• 200 g blueberries (preferably fresh).
• 2 tbsp. l. chia seeds (Spanish sage).
• Coconut milk - no more than 200 ml.

Preparation

We send the washed berries to the blender bowl. Pour in coconut milk. Add sugar and chia seeds there. Press the "Start" button. It turns out a liquid mass that resembles a smoothie. We need to carefully pour it into a glass, which we then put in the refrigerator for half an hour. After a few hours, you can eat the coconut chia pudding. But before that, we decorate a portion of the dessert with whole blueberries. It turns out incredibly tasty, and most importantly - useful for our body.

with chia seeds

List of products you need:

1. Powdered cocoa - 1/3 cup
2. Raw almond flakes to taste.
3. Coconut milk (whole) - one glass
4. Maple syrup - 4-5 tbsp is enough. spoons.
5. Chia seeds - ¼ cup
6. Coconut flakes to taste.
7. Sea salt - one pinch is enough.
8. ½ tsp vanilla extract.
9. Coconut spread spread - 2 tbsp l.

detailed instructions

Where do we start? Chia (Spanish sage) seeds should be ground to a fine powder. Now we need a powerful blender. Pour into its bowl in the required amount. Add sea salt and also add coconut spread. Whisk all this lightly. Pour cocoa powder into the mass obtained earlier. Whisk again using a blender.

Returning to the ground chia seeds. We measure out ¼ cup of powder. We send to the blender bowl. Beat the ingredients until smooth. We've got a mousse that needs to be distributed among the molds. Then put a handful of almond flakes and coconut flakes in a hot pan. Fry them lightly to brown. Add the flakes to the chia pudding that has not yet hardened.

Now we put our future dessert in the refrigerator for exactly 24 hours. But the wait is worth it. Then we take out the chia pudding tins. Decorate each portion with almond flakes or fruit pieces. This amazing dessert is ready to eat.

Another option (with mango)

Ingredients:

• ½ cup of cow's milk and coconut milk each.
• Fresh mint - 5-6 leaves.
• Plain water - one glass is enough.
• ½ tsp vanilla essence.
• A pinch of chopped hazelnuts.
• 4 tbsp. l. chia seeds.
• Mango (small pieces) - 1.5 cups
• White sugar - no more than 1 tbsp. l.

How to cook

We send pieces of mango to a blender. Beat, gradually adding water. We should have a mass that looks like a thick sauce. We fill glasses with it (by 1/3 of the volume). We put it in the refrigerator. We timed 1 hour.

In a separate bowl we combine two types of milk - cow's and coconut. Add regular sugar and stir. Add chia seeds. Stir the ingredients with a spoon for 3-4 minutes. We remove the mass to the side. After 5 minutes, it will completely thicken.

We take out glasses with frozen sauce from the refrigerator. We fill them with a mixture of two types of milk and chia seeds. Our dessert should stay in the refrigerator for at least 4 hours. Before serving, decorate each portion (glass) with mint leaves and chopped nuts.

Finally

Now you can easily prepare chia pudding. If you eat this dessert for breakfast, you will get a powerful boost of energy for the whole day. Chia pudding is also great for dinner. If you wish, you can complement it with a glass of light wine or champagne.

As promised in this article, I will talk about how and what you can make from chia seeds. The easiest way to eat them raw, but since they are small and get stuck in the teeth, it is best to cook anything from them.

Here are some ways and recipes to enjoy chia seeds:

Pour two tablespoons of seeds with water, juice or milk and leave to brew for 10-15 minutes. As soon as the seeds are swollen, you can eat. This is a very hearty and healthy breakfast.

Germinate the seeds by slightly filling them with warm water and use the sprouts (appear on the 3-4th day) adding them to salads.

Grind the chia in a coffee grinder and add the resulting powder to cereals, yoghurts and soups.

Chia with rice and vegetables

• Rice, brown is better - 2 cups;
• Zucchini or eggplant - 1 pc;
• Tomato - 1 pc;
• Hard cheese - 50 gr.
• Garlic - 1 clove;
• Lemon juice - 1 tbsp spoon;
• Rosemary, oregano, pepper - to taste;
• Chia seeds - 2 tbsp spoons.

Stew vegetables with spices. Boil rice, combine with vegetables and sprinkle with cheese and chia seeds on top.

Chia with lime

• Lime or lemon juice - 0.5 cups;
• Sugar - 1 glass;
• Water - 1 liter;
• Chia seeds - 0.5 cups

Mix water and lemon juice, add sugar. Stir until the sugar is completely dissolved and add the chia seeds.

Chocolate pudding

• Milk - 2 glasses;
• Chia seeds - 0.5 cups;
• Cocoa powder - 2-3 tablespoons;
• Sugar and vanilla to taste.

Put all the ingredients in a blender, beat and refrigerate for 10 minutes.

Lemon Chia Cookie

• Oat flour, or flakes, ground in a coffee grinder - 2 cups;
• Baking powder - 0.5 tsp. Spoons;
• Salt to taste;
• Chia seeds - 0.5 cups;
• Flour - 1 tbsp. spoon;
• Vegetable oil - 3 tbsp. spoons;
• Honey - 3 tbsp. spoons;
• Egg - 1 pc;
• Vanillin
• Lemon zest or lemon juice to taste.

Mix all ingredients. Put in the refrigerator for 10-15 minutes. Roll out the dough into a layer 1 cm thick and bake in the oven for 15 minutes at a temperature of 200 degrees. Take out, cut the layer into diamonds and set to brown for another 15 minutes. Finished cookies can be covered with icing.

I prepared these recipes myself and I advise you. Although, once again, chia seeds, even on their own, raw, are an excellent source of nutrients. If there is no time to prepare food, it is enough to eat a couple of tablespoons of seeds to be full and full of strength and energy before lunch.

Chia - seeds for beauty, health and longevity. Right now they are experiencing the peak of their popularity, are actively used, and are famous all over the world. The product is able to improve health, give energy, solve many problems, is an excellent tool for the prevention of various diseases and strengthening the immune system. Chia seeds are of great value for the human body, but on one condition - correct use.

Content:

How to choose and store chia seeds

Signs of good quality seeds:

1. Coloring. The color is heterogeneous, with splashes and a marble pattern, all shades of brown are present, there are white seeds.
2. Shape, size. Chia seeds are small, round, and resemble miniature quail eggs.
3. Taste. Unleavened, characteristic of raw seeds, vaguely resembles a walnut.
4. Smell. Absent, there may be a slight aroma of grain, flour.
5. The documents. Any seller, regardless of the place of sale of products, must have documents confirming the quality of the seed.

The most commonly marketed products on sale are chia, intended for food and medicinal use. But there are seeds for planting. They are of lesser value as they have reached the stage of maturity on the plant. You can visually distinguish them by color, as well as the size of the package. The planting material is packed in small bags. Edible seeds are rarely sold in small ones.

After purchase, the product must be immediately poured into an airtight jar, stored in a dark place at a temperature not exceeding 25 °. Under the influence of sunlight, some of the valuable substances volatilize. When moisture gets in, the seed quickly swells and deteriorates.

Preliminary preparation

The seeds should always be washed, but this should only be done before use. Chia absorb 12 times their own weight in water. If you get them wet, then you need to use it in the next day. Otherwise, the product will simply be lost.

How you can consume chia seeds:

1. Dry whole. Seeds are added to dishes or consumed just like that with water, drinks.
2. Dry ground. The powder is usually added to dishes, drinks, mixed with honey, syrups.
3. In a ground soaked form. The crushed seeds are poured with fluids in advance to excrete mucus.
4. Boiled. This includes the preparation of jelly, porridge and other seed-enriched dishes.
5. Bakery. Ground seeds can be added to pancake dough, muffins, pancakes, but the concentration of valuable substances is reduced.

The method of use can be any, but it is always important to remember about water. Contrary to all the rules of a healthy diet, the liquid should be drunk after a meal with seeds. Otherwise, chia will not be able to swell, they will take water from the body, including from the intestines, which will lead to constipation and intestinal obstruction.

Ways to Eat Seeds for General Wellness

Chia can be eaten daily throughout life. The product will improve well-being, strengthen the protective functions of the body and increase immunity, help control weight, slow down aging and improve skin condition. It rarely causes allergies, it is allowed for children from 3 years old.

How to eat chia seeds:

1. Kissel. Pour a teaspoon of seeds with a glass of hot water, cover, leave for an hour. If time is short, you can boil the mixture for 2 minutes, cool and drink.
2. Porridge. Pour a spoonful of seeds (whole or crushed) into a glass of boiling milk, boil for 2 minutes, add spices to taste.
3. With honey. Combine 1-2 tsp. ground seeds with the same amount of honey, stir. Eat with tea or milk.
4. Cocktail. Insist in a glass of kefir or yogurt 1-2 tsp. chia 2 hours. Can be refrigerated overnight.

Ground seeds can be added to fresh salads, soups, main courses and cereals, in muesli, in baked goods. They are allowed to be mixed with nuts, added to ice cream, cream, or used to sprinkle a cake. In any case, the product will only benefit.

Important! You don't need to consume more than one spoonful of seeds per day. An overdose of vitamins, fiber, and other useful elements is just as harmful as an insufficient intake.

Video: Three recipes with chia seeds

Slimming use

Chia is an excellent helper in the fight for a slim figure. Seeds contain fiber and secrete mucus. They suppress hunger, saturate and prevent overeating, they are also an excellent source of valuable substances, amino acids, omegas. Together, they can help prevent sagging skin, stretch marks, and other side effects of weight loss.

How to use chia seeds for weight loss:

1. Kissel. The easiest way, which requires only water. Pour a glass of hot water for 1-2 tsp. seeds, leave for an hour. You can shorten the time to 15 minutes if using a shredded product. You can drink such jelly during bouts of severe hunger or 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
2. Dry seeds. 20-30 minutes before each meal, eat 5 g of seeds and drink a glass of water.
3. Porridge. Mix 1 tbsp. l. chia and 2 tbsp. l. oatmeal. Pour a glass of boiling water, close and leave for an hour. Eat healthy porridge daily for breakfast.

Application:
Pour the washed seeds with water overnight, leave to swell. In the morning add all the other ingredients of the cocktail, beat with a blender. Eat on an empty stomach, have breakfast in 2 hours. The tool can be used for a one-time solution to a problem or for a cleansing course for 2 weeks.

Lowering cholesterol

Improper nutrition, abuse of fatty and fried foods leads to an increase in bad cholesterol, clogged blood vessels, and impaired blood circulation. Over time, the problem spills over into serious illness, and the risk of heart attacks and strokes increases. Of course, you can use special drugs to lower cholesterol, but it is wiser to follow a diet and take chia.

Seeds can be used in any way, to cook jelly or porridge from them, in any case, the body will react positively. But to lower cholesterol, it is better to add the product to your regular meal. You need to grind 1 tbsp. l., divided into 4-5 parts, depending on the number of meals, add to any cold and hot dishes.

With diabetes mellitus

Chia seeds, when consumed regularly, lower blood sugar levels, prevent spikes in glucose, but are not a remedy. Therefore, you should not rely entirely on them, as the manufacturers promise, but can be used to improve the overall condition and composition of the blood. Protein and fiber will have a beneficial effect on the body and also prevent the risk of obesity, which increases with diabetes.

As with lowering cholesterol, it is allowed to add chia to any food, to cook jelly, water, salads and other dishes that do not contradict the medical diet of a person.

Video: Elena Malysheva about chia seeds and the nervous system

Contraindications

You can not take semen and vitamin preparations, dietary supplements and immunomodulatory agents at the same time. The body can react to an overdose of active substances with a rash, itching, and allergic reactions.

The main contraindications:

• low blood pressure;
• gastrointestinal diseases during an exacerbation;
• diarrhea, tendency to diarrhea;
• pregnancy, lactation.

If at the moment drug treatment is being carried out or there are chronic diseases, then the possibility of using semen must be agreed with the doctor. Chia should be used with caution for people suffering from flatulence.