The world around us 3 variety of substances. Lesson summary on the surrounding world on the topic "Diversity of substances" (grade 3)
- Prepared by Zakharova Elena Vladislavovna
- primary school teacher
- GBOU Secondary School No. 623, Moscow
- There are a lot of different substances in the world. Some of them exist in nature, while others are created artificially (for example, plastics).
- We meet some of them every day.
- Substances are studied by science - chemistry.
- They don't eat me -
- And without me they eat little.
- I'm white as snow
- In everyone's honor
- Got it in my mouth -
- There he disappeared.
- sugar
- Table salt is one of the mineral salts found in nature.
- The most important property of salt for a person is that it tastes salty. Therefore, it is used to add salt to food. In nature, table salt is found not only underground. It is found in sea water, soil, and in the bodies of living organisms.
- Sea salt
- You have been familiar with this substance all your life. Its main property is its sweet taste.
- In India, almost every family has long planted sweet cane on their plot of land. Sweet cane is planted in Cuba, China and other hot countries. When the time comes to harvest, it is cut with a long knife and placed in a cauldron. Boil it over a fire and you get white sweet crystals. Indians call them “sarkar”, and we call them with a similar word “sugar”.
- True, our sugar is not made from sugar cane, which does not grow in our area, but from sugar beets. This is not red, but white and very sweet beets.
- There is also a sweet substance in nature: glucose. This is a type of sugar. Found in nature in various parts of plants. Grape fruits and grape juice are especially rich in glucose.
- Starch is a white powder. It is usually used when making jelly. Man needs it. Property - crunches when rubbed.
- Starch is found in many plant foods
- potato
- lemon
- apple
- dairy
- sorrel
- Due to environmental pollution, acids began to form high in the sky. They often fall to the ground with rain. (acid rain).
- Name the main properties of table salt and sugar. Where do these substances occur in nature?
- What is starch? How to detect it in food?
- What acids are found in nature?
- What is the common property of these substances?
- Why should acids be handled with care? Is it possible to taste any acid?
- What is acid rain? What is their danger?
- A.A. T.N. MaksimovaPleshakov. The world. 3rd grade. Publishing house "Prosveshcheniye", 2012
- . Lesson developments for the course The world around us: 3rd grade for teaching materials of A.A. Pleshakova. M.: "VAKO", 2012
- http://novye-kuhni.ru/d/703-1/novye-kuhni278.jpg_kitchen
- http://www.profi-forex.org/system/news/A07_11.jpg_slide_4_ salt
- http://www.terra.md/i/news/20514.jpg_slide_4_sugar
- http://www.cosmetika-morya.ru/_files/menu/2/6_full.jpg_sea salt
- http://900igr.net/datai/khimija/Hatrij-khlor/0001-002-Povarennaja-sol.jpg_salt in nature1
- http://ukrmap.su/program2010/g8/g8_18_files/image004.gif_salt in nature2
- http://www.mukachevo.net/Content/img/news/p_38967_1_gallerybig.jpg_slide7
- http://gomelblog.net/files/images/jpg_1._slide7_2
- http://kedem.ru/photo/articles/2011/04/20110523-sugar_4.jpg_slide9_1
- http://www.neonett.ru/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/321.jpg_slide9_2
- http://d.topic.lt/Fmfir/images/picsw/052013/16/saxar/26.jpg_slide_9_3
- http://www.nazeleno.cz/Files/FckGallery/Cukry.zip/cukr.jpg_trost_sugar
- http://www.nest.by/files/imagecache/image_node/images/saxarnaja_svekla_advis.ru_0.jpg_slide_11_1
- http://i.vsekommentarii.com/pic/2011/09/19/vinnitsa.info/big-90-500-2011-09-19sax.jpg_slide_11_2
- http://www.altairegion22.ru/upload/import_images/gallery/general/640.SVEKLA.jpg_slide_11_3
- http://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/6/91/330/91330215_4121583_E08qYq4PSu.jpg_slide_12_juice
- http://www.look.com.ua/download.php?file=201210/800x600/look.com.ua-49490.jpg_slide_12_grapes
- http://optiua.net/adv_img/06895_1.jpg _slide_13
- http://www.proxima.ru/images/products/254/Krahmal_kartofelniy_sort_ekstra.png_slide_13_2
- http://mcraigweaver.com/recipes/images/bread2.jpg_bread
- http://www.birzha-taraz.kz/uploads/posts/thumbs/1335035156_potato2_origin.jpg_potatoes
- http://www.vegopolis.ru/upload/basmati_rice_wmark_news_thumb.jpg_rice
- http://www.krasota.uz/userfiles/images/62139_or(1).jpg_lemon
- http://mediasubs.ru/group/uploads/zd/zdorove-i-pitanie/image2/ZjMtMzQ0M.jpg_apple
- http://www.yugopolis.ru/data/mediadb/2383/0000/0365/36509.jpg_milk
- http://www.1semena.ru/published/publicdata/SHOPDB/attachments/SC/products_pictures/schavel_belh1_enl.jpg_sorrel
- http://uaprom-image.s3.amazonaws.com/253594_w640_h640_uksus.jpg_vinegar1
- http://attach.forum.ge/post-43-1315776463.jpg_vinegar2
- http://k14.vcmedia.vn/Images/Uploaded/Share/2011/03/15/28.jpg_slide17
- http://club.foto.ru/gallery/images/photo/2004/09/26/281575.jpg_slide17
Item: the world
Subject:"Variety of Substances"
Target: introduce children to substances: salt, sugar, starch, acid, teach how to use these substances.
Tasks:
Educational: teach to compare and classify substances according to their main characteristics, broaden the horizons of students.
Educational:
Developmental:
develop skills in working with diagrams, observation, attentiveness, memory.
Duration: 45min.
Class: 3
Educational institution: MOAU secondary school No. 7, Labinsk
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Slide captions:
Lesson about the world around us in 3rd grade. Teacher: Maltseva A.V.
Solve the crossword puzzle: 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 1. The first stage of knowledge. 2. Tiny organisms. 3. A set of people united by forms of joint life and activity. 4. A group of close relatives living together. 5. What are the names of the huge groups into which all living things are divided? 6. What is the name of any object, any living creature? 7. A plot of land where all nature is under strict protection. 8. The population of the state, residents of the country, perception of bacteria and society of the kingdom of bodies a p o d n i c a n a n d
Homework check: - What are substances? - What do substances consist of? - What can you say about particles? - What substances are there?
Guess the riddles: They don’t eat me - And without me they don’t eat much. I am white as snow, in honor of everyone, I got into the mouth - and disappeared there.
Glucose and fructose are types of sugars.
Starch is also a substance.
Work from the textbook: Pages 39 - 41. - Read the text to yourself. - What does chemistry study? - What substances do we encounter every day?
Work in the notebook: P.16 No. 1 - Fill out the table. - Check: Name of substances: Main properties Where found, found Table salt Sugar Acid Salty taste Sweet taste Sour taste In sea water, underground In fruits, honey, sugar beets, cane In milk, apples, ants
Practical work in groups: Using a solution of iodine tincture, determine which foods on your table contain starch. Write down the results of the study in your notebook on page 18. The leader of each group prepares a presentation based on the results of the experiments.
Fizminutka: We worked great. I don’t mind relaxing now - And exercises are usual for us. He comes to class for a lesson. Above the hand, above the heel, Smile more cheerfully. We will jump like bunnies, We will immediately become more cheerful! We stretched and sighed. Have you rested? Have a rest!
It is dangerous to touch acetic acid!
Acid rain:
Work according to the textbook: Page. 41-42. - Read the text of the textbook to yourself. - Answer the questions on page 43. “Think!”
Work in a notebook: Work in a notebook. Page 16 No. 2 - Cross out the excess, explain why this is so?
Let's summarize the lesson: - What substances did we get acquainted with in the lesson today? - Where do we meet them every day? - Which of these substances should we be extremely careful with? - Evaluate today’s lesson and show the card showing your attitude towards the lesson.
Homework: Textbook p. 43, questions 1,2. “Test yourself” p.43. Notebook, with 17 letters.
Resources used: Lesson developments for the course “The World around us”, O.I. Dmitrieva, T.V. Maksimova, Moscow, “VAKO”, 2008. Pedagogy of modern times, S.V. Kulnevich, T.P. Lakotsenina, T.Ts. “Teacher”, 2002. The world around us. Book for teachers 3-4 grades, N.F. Vinogradova, G.G. Ivchenkova, Moscow, “Enlightenment”, 2001 Kitchen: http://allo-mebel.ru/img/goods/middle/612m.jpg Salt: http://www.extrasalt.ru/photos/1008.jpg Sugar : http://cardriver.ru/files/u763/sugar.jpg Grapes: http://ekvatorkiev.com.ua/images/frukti_vinograd.jpg Dried fruits: http://www.gotovim.ru/pics/aifimg/suhfru01 .jpg Honey: http://www.arabsoap.ru/images/component/honey.jpg Starch: http://ru.schellex.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/1__7_.jpg, http://www .proxima.ru/img/catalogue/784.jpg Song Antoshka: words - V. Shainsky, music - Y. Entin Lemon: http://vglib.ru/sourse/fr590p/720.jpg Apple: http://spim .ru/i/tolk/yabloko.jpg Sorrel: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rumex_acetosa_cultivar_01.jpg/275px-Rumex_acetosa_cultivar_01.jpg Milk: http://www.yuga .ru/media/moloko.jpg Vinegar: http://www.uksus.com/images/500.jpg, http://www.upakovano.ru/pictures/photopack/media/350/01_3.jpg Acid rain: http://www.kostyor.ru/7-07/images7-07/ecolog.jpg
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Explanatory note to the multimedia product.
Teacher: Maltseva Angela Viktorovna
Subject: environment
Subject: "Variety of Substances"
Target: introduce children to substances: salt, sugar, starch, acid, teach how to use these substances.
Tasks:
Educational:teach to compare and classify substances according to their main characteristics, broaden the horizons of students.
Educational: cultivate a caring attitude towards food and neatness in everyday life.
Developmental: develop skills in working with diagrams, observation, attentiveness, memory.
Duration: 45min.
Class: 3
Educational institution: MOAU secondary school No. 7
Lesson type: lesson learning new material.
Means of education:
1. Drawing of a kitchen on a blackboard;
2. For experience (from the teacher: salt, sugar, starch, acid (citric and acetic);
3. For the experiment (for children): potatoes, apples, carrots, peppers (all cut into pieces), iodine solution, pipette;
4. Presentation for the lesson;
5. Projection system and computer.
During the classes:
- Organizing time. Slide 1.
Today in class I will need your attention, support, ability to prove and defend my point of view.
Close your eyes, lower your heads and listen to the words: “If we close our eyes, we will not see anything. There was nothing before except darkness. And so it was until a blue sparkling ball appeared. This is Earth. Life begins. The world shimmers dazzlingly. And it is so important that this continues forever.
What is meant by all living things?
What is necessary for life?
2. Repetition of what has been learned. Slide 2.
Remember the meaning of terms from your dictionary and solve the crossword puzzle:
- The first stage of knowledge. (Perception),
- Tiny organisms (bacteria)
- A set of people united by forms of joint life and activity (Society).
- A group of close relatives living together. (Family)
- What are the names of the huge groups into which all living things are divided? (Kingdoms)
- What is the name of any object, any living creature? (Body)
- A plot of land where all nature is under strict protection. (Reserve)
- The population of the state, the inhabitants of the country. (People)
What word appeared in the highlighted line of the crossword puzzle? (Substances)
3.Checking homework. Slide 3
Frontal work.
What are substances?
What do substances consist of?
What can you say about particles?
What substances are there?
4. Work on the topic.
1). Lecture with elements of conversation.
There are a lot of substances in the world. Several million substances are known. Substances are studied by a special science - chemistry. Today we'll go to the kitchen. Slide 4.
Find out which substance we encountered first from the riddle:
They don't eat me -
And without me they eat little. (Salt) Slide 5.
The most important property of table salt for humans is that it tastes salty. It is mined from underground, it is a real mineral. It is also extracted from the waters of salty seas and their shallows - salt marshes.
There is one more substance that we will meet in the kitchen, guess:
I'm white as snow
In everyone's honor
Got it in my mouth -
There he disappeared. (Sugar)
In appearance it can be confused with salt. But you can’t confuse them by taste. What does sugar taste like?
The sweet taste of sugar is its main property. Once upon a time, sugar was extracted only from sugar cane, which grows in India, China and other warm countries where the climate is constantly humid. In many countries, honey and sweet birch sap were used instead. And only at the beginning of the 19th century. Factories were built in Russia that made sugar from sugar beets.
Fruits contain fruit sugar called fructose, and milk contains lactose sugar.
Glucose is another type of sugar. It is found in various parts of plants. There is a lot of glucose in grapes. Slide 6.
What other substance can you find in the kitchen that is very similar to salt and sugar? (Starch) Slide 7
It is usually used when making jelly. It is found in many products.
2) . Work according to the textbook: p. 39-41. Slide 8
Read the text to yourself.
What does chemistry study?
What substances do we encounter every day?
3). Work in a notebook. P.16 No. 1 Slide 9
Read the assignment.
Answer the questions.
5. Practical work in groups. Slide 10
Exercise:
- Using a solution of iodine tincture, determine which foods on your table contain starch.
- Write down the results of the study in your notebook on page 18.
- The leader of each group reports.
6. Physical education minute: Slide 11
We worked great.
Don't mind taking a rest now -
And charging is familiar to us
Comes to class for lesson.
Above the hand, above the heel,
Smile more cheerfully.
We'll jump like bunnies
We'll all become more cheerful right away!
We stretched and sighed.
Have you rested?
Have a rest!
7. Work on the topic. Slide 12
1). Acids (teacher's lecture).
A large group of substances that we encounter in the kitchen are acids. Everyone is familiar with the taste of lemon. Citric acid gives it this taste. Apples contain malic acid, sorrel leaves contain oxalic acid. When milk sours, lactic acid is formed.
What is the common property of these substances? (Sour taste).
Is it possible to taste any acid? Why?
In the kitchen you can also find such an acid – acetic acid. It is used only in diluted form. You should not touch the bottle with this acid at all!
Slide 13
Due to environmental pollution, acids began to form high in the sky. They fall together with rain on the ground, such rain is called acid rain. Slide 14
2) Work according to the textbook. From 41-42. Slide 15
Read the textbook text to yourself.
Answer the questions on page 43.
3) Work in a notebook. Page 16 No. 2 Slide 16
Cross out the excess and explain why this is so?
- Summing up the lesson. Slide 17
- What substances did we learn about in class today? (Sugar, salt, starch and acids)
Where do we meet them every day? (In the kitchen)
Which of these substances should we be extremely careful with? (Acids)
Conclusions: The substances are very diverse. Not all substances can be tasted. It is better to avoid danger than to face it.
- Homework Slide 18
- Textbook p. 43, questions 1,2.
- “Test yourself” p.43.
- Notebook, with 17 letters.
References: Slide 19
- Lesson developments for the course “The World around us”, O.I. Dmitrieva, T.V. Maksimova, Moscow, “VAKO”, 2008
- Pedagogy of modern times, S.V. Kulnevich, T.P. Lakotsenina, T.Ts. "Teacher", 2002
- The world. Book for teachers 3-4 grades, N.F. Vinogradova, G.G. Ivchenkova, Moscow, “Enlightenment”, 2001
Variety of substances
Presentation for a lesson on the surrounding world in 3rd grade
Prepared by: Kamalova Zugra Avalovna
primary school teacher
MBOU Secondary School s. Karamaly
SALT
- Separately, I am not so tasty, but everyone needs food
Salt
Table salt is one of the mineral salts found in nature. Salt is vital for humans. If it is not enough for a long time, a person may die. In ancient times, salt was literally worth its weight in gold. Those times have passed; now salt is mined in sufficient quantities. And the reserves of salt on Earth are truly inexhaustible. There are entire salt mountains in the bowels of the Earth and on its surface. In a dissolved state, salt is found in the water of seas and oceans.
Salt in nature
Sea salt
I'm white as snow
In everyone's honor
Got it in my mouth -
There he disappeared.
Sugar
You have been familiar with this substance all your life. Its main property is its sweet taste.
- . There was a time when people in Rus' didn’t even know about sugar. Honey, sweet sap of birch, linden, and maple were in use.
- Sweet syrup from sugar cane was produced in India. Sugar was a very expensive commodity. We have been looking for a replacement for sugar cane for a long time. They offered everything: cabbage, pumpkin, corn, but the problem was that they didn’t have enough sugar. Sugar beets won. At the beginning of the 19th century, the first factories were built in Russia and Germany that began making sugar from sugar beets.
Glucose
There is also a sweet substance in nature: glucose. This is a type of sugar. Found in nature in various parts of plants. Grape fruits and grape juice are especially rich in glucose.
- – The white powder is starch. It is used when making jelly. It is found in many plant products.
- – Acids - this is a large group of substances that we encounter in the kitchen. Everyone knows the sour taste of lemon. This taste is given to it by citric acid. Apples contain malic acid, sorrel contains oxalic acid.
- Acids must be handled very carefully in the kitchen. Especially with acetic acid. The bottle containing this acid should not be touched.
- Name the main properties of table salt and sugar. Where do these substances occur in nature?
- What is starch? How to detect it in food?
- What acids are found in nature?
- What is the common property of these substances?
- Why should acids be handled with care? Is it possible to taste any acid?
- What is acid rain? What is their danger?
Lesson using a computer.
The world. 3rd grade.
Item: The world
Subject: Variety of substances
Class: 3
The purpose of the lesson: Introduce substances: salt, sugar, starch, acid; teach how to use these substances correctly; broaden the horizons of students.
Lesson type: familiarization with new material
Teaching method: verbal, visual, practical
Equipment:
Substances: salt, sugar, starch, acid (citric or lemon).
Products for practical work (potatoes, bread, apple, pear);
Iodine solution, pipette;
Computer, projector, screen.
Educational and methodological support:
Pleshakov A.A. The world. 3rd grade. Textbook for general education institutions. M.: Education, 2009. - 159 p.: ill. - (School of Russia).
Pleshakov A.A. The world. 3rd grade. Workbook. M.: Enlightenment. - (School of Russia).
Tselousova T.Yu, Maksimova T.V. Lesson developments for the course The world around us. 3rd grade. M: “VAKO”, 2004, 320 p.
presentation 22 slides (operating environment editor Microsoft Power Point, Microsoft Word)
type of media product: visual presentation of educational material
Diagram of the relationship between presentation frames: linear
The feasibility of using a media product in the classroom:
Insufficient amount of visual information material in existing teaching aids.
Increasing the efficiency of assimilation of educational material due to the simultaneous presentation by the teacher of the necessary information and demonstrationdemonstration material.
Development of visual-figurative thinking by increasing the level of visibility.
During the classes.
I . Organizing time
Check it out, buddy.
Are you ready to start the lesson?
Is everything alright
A book, pen and notebook?
Have you checked? Sit down!
Work hard!
II . Repetition of covered material
(slide No. 2) Remember the meanings of terms from your dictionary and solve the crossword puzzle:
The first stage of knowledge.(Perception)
Tiny organisms.(Bacteria)
3. A set of people united by historically determined forms of joint life and activity.(Society)
A group of close relatives living together.(Family)
What are the names of the huge groups into which all living things are divided? (Kingdoms)
What is the name of any object, any living creature?(Body)
A plot of land where all nature is under strict protection.
(Reserve)
The population of the state, the inhabitants of the country.(People)
What word appears in the highlighted line of the crossword puzzle?(SUBSTANCES.)
III . Checking homework.
What are substances? (This is what bodies are made of.)
What do substances consist of? ( Substances are made up of particles - molecules and atoms.)
What can you tell us about particles? What substances are there?(Solid, liquid and gaseous.)
IV . A variety of substances - work on the topic of the lesson.
The topic of today's lesson is “Diversity of substances.” In this lesson we will get acquainted with some substances. Substances are studied by a special science -chemistry. There are a lot of substances in the world: several million of them are now known. We meet some of them every day.
(slide No. 3) Let's head to the kitchen!
Think about what substances are in the kitchen?(Salt, sugar, water, flour, soda and others)
Find out what was the first substance we encountered from the riddle:
(slide No. 4)
Separately, I’m not so tasty,
But everyone needs food.(Salt)
The story of the salt of a prepared student:
The most important property of table salt for humans is that it tastes salty. Therefore, it is used for salting food.
Table salt is one of the mineral salts found in nature. People extract some salts and use them as fertilizers for plants. Salt is vital for humans. If the body lacks it for a long time, a person may die. In ancient times, salt was literally worth its weight in gold. They paid with salt instead of coins, and countries fought with each other over salt.
(slide No. 5) Those times have passed, now salt is mined in sufficient quantities. And its reserves on Earth are truly inexhaustible. Giant dome-shaped blocks, entire salt mountains, exist both in the bowels of the Earth and on its surface.
(slide No. 6) In a dissolved state, salt is found in the water of seas and oceans, in mineral lakes, and salty streams. All this salt in solid form would take up about 70 million cubic kilometers. With this amount you can cover the entire Earth with a layer the thickness of which would exceed a 30-story building! Salt is mined by evaporation and also in salt mines, in much the same way as coal.
(slide No. 7) In addition, underground sanatoriums are set up in salt mines for asthma patients - the salt air is healing for them.
(slide No. 8) There are many apt, colorful expressions and various beliefs associated with salt:
To get to know a person better, you need to eat a pound of salt with him;
Sprinkling salt - to a quarrel, unfortunately;
Remember the old Russian custom of greeting guests with bread and salt.
(slide No. 9) There is one more substance that we will definitely encounter in the kitchen. It says this about itself:
I'm white as snow
In everyone's honor
Got it in my mouth -
There he disappeared. (Sugar)
A story about sugar from a prepared student:
In appearance, sugar can be confused with salt. But you can’t confuse them - you can taste them. Sweet taste is the main property of sugar.
(slide No. 10) Once upon a time, sugar was made only from sugar cane, which grows in India, China and other countries where the climate is constantly warm and humid.
We have been looking for a replacement for sugar cane for a long time. Now almost half of all sugar in the world comes from beets.
(slide No. 11) In the old days, sugar was a very expensive commodity. In many countries, honey, sweet sap of maple, birch, and linden were used instead.
(slide No. 12) Ordinary sugar is not the only sweet substance in nature. Fruits contain fruit sugar, milk contains milk sugar. Glucose is another type of sugar. In nature, it is found in various parts of plants. Grape fruits and grape juice are especially rich in glucose. Glucose is also called grape sugar.
(slide No. 13) What is this substance that is very similar in color to salt and sugar?
Though soft and white, like powder,
Not sugar or chalk.
He is in jelly from year to year
Makes us compote.(Starch)
Starch is one of the nutrients necessary for humans. It is found in many plant products.
Scientists chemists have suggested how to find out whether there is starch in a particular product. To do this, you need a tincture of iodine diluted with water. If you drop a drop on a product that contains starch, the iodine tincture will turn blue-violet.
V . Practical work
Practical work is carried out in groups (the class is divided into 6 groups). Each group receives potatoes, applesauce, bread, and a pear. Each group is also given a pipette and iodine solution.
Exercise:
Using a diluted tincture of iodine, determine whether there is starch in foods.(slide No. 14)
Write down the results of the study and sketch them in a notebook.(slide No. 15)
At the end of the work, one representative from each group reports on the results of the study.
VI . Physical education minute
What bodies did you work with in your practical work? What are therebodies?(Artificial, natural.)
If I call an artificial body, then you sit down, and if I call a natural body, you stand.
Rainbow, tractor, doll, bunny, grass, rain, balloon, fog, plane, sun, stars, bear.
VII . Acids - teacher's lecture
(slide No. 16) A large group of substances, some of which we can encounter in the kitchen, are acids. Everyone is familiar with the sour taste of lemon. The citric acid it contains gives it this taste. Apples contain malic acid, sorrel leaves contain sorrel acid. When milk sours, lactic acid forms in it.
What is the common property of these substances?(Sourtaste. )
Is it possible to taste any acid?(No.)
(slide No. 17) One of these acids you can find in the kitchen is acetic acid. The bottle containing this acid should not be touched. This substance is used only in diluted form.
(slide No. 18) Some animals and plants defend themselves with acid.
(slide No. 19) Due to environmental pollution, acids began to form high in the sky. They often fall to the ground with rain, resulting in acid rain.The main cause of acid rain is air pollution with various harmful gases, and one of their sources is the car. Nitrogen oxides, emitted in large quantities by cars, interact with water and eventually become various nitrogen-containing acids.
(slide number 20) Acid rain causes enormous damage to the environment and the health of children. The water in the seas, rivers and lakes becomes unsuitable for life. Acid rain causes enormous damage to forests, parks, and gardens. At the height of summer, the leaves of plants suddenly turn yellow and fall off, and the shoots become as fragile as glass. It has been established that coniferous tree species suffer from acid rain to a greater extent than deciduous trees. Acid rain makes arable land unsuitable for cultivation. Acid destroys people's lungs, corrodes metals, paints, and destroys various critical structures of bridges, towers, antennas and even airplanes.
VIII . Lesson summary
(Slide No. 21) What substances do we come across every day in the kitchen?(Sugar,salt, starch, acids).What new and interesting things did you learn?
Children solve the crossword puzzle in a notebook (p. 17) and read the conclusion in the textbook (p. 43)
IX. Homework
(slide No. 22)
According to the textbook: task 1, 2 (p. 43).
Subject: Diversity substancesTarget: introduce substances and their properties.
Planned results: Students will learn to distinguish substances, their properties, describe studied substances, make observations and experiments, analyze, prove assumptions, and draw conclusions.
Equipment: task cards; portrait of M.V. Lomonosov; iodine solution, pipettes, food (potatoes, apples, etc.) for practical work; salt, sugar and starch.
Move lesson
I . Organizational moment
II . Update knowledge . Examination home tasks
1. Individual tasks
( The teacher distributes task cards to students.)
1) Use a red pencil to highlight solids, blue for liquids, and green for gases.
Carbon dioxide, salt, iron, copper, hydrogen, silver, milk, water.
2) Give examples of natural, artificial and celestial bodies.
2. Frontal survey
- What is a body? What types of bodies are there? Give examples.
- What is a substance? What are the substances? Give examples.
- What do substances consist of?(From molecules and atoms.) (The teacher hangs a portrait of M.V. Lomonosov on the board.)
- Listen to the story about the great Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov.
( A student prepared in advance makes a presentation.)
III . Self-determination To activities
- Guess the riddles.
I thought it was chalk because it was white
And he took it in his hands - he ran like water.(Snow.)
It's not a forest, but it's noisy.
Not a horse, but running.(Water.)
- What one word can be used to describe these concepts?(Substances.)
Today in class we will talk about substances and learn how to describe them.
The science that studies substances is called chemistry. (The teacher writes the term on the board.)
IV . Job By topic lesson
Conversation
Variety of substances
The first substance we will consider is table salt.
- What do you know about salt?
Table salt is one of the mineral salts found in nature. Some of them are mined and used as fertilizer for plants.
The most important property of table salt for humans is that it tastes salty. Therefore, it is used to add salt to food.
In nature, table salt is found not only underground. A lot of it is found in sea water, as well as in the water of salt lakes. It is found both in the soil and in the bodies of living organisms.
( Next, listen to a message from one of the students about table salt.)
The next substance is sugar.
- What do you know about sugar? Name its main property.(Sweet taste.)
In India, children today, like many years ago, love to suck sugar cane. Its stem is extremely sweet and for gourmets it’s like our candy.
In India, almost every family has long planted sweet cane on their piece of land. And in Cuba, peasants plant sweet cane. And in other hot countries.
When the time comes to harvest, the peasants use a long knife - a machete - to cut off reed by reed - and into the cauldron. Boil it over a fire and you get white sweet crystals. Indians call them “sarkar”, and we call them with a similar word “sugar”.
True, our sugar is not made from sugar cane, which does not grow in our region, but from sugar beets.
Don’t think that this is the same beet about which the riddle says: “It’s green at the top, red at the bottom, it has grown into the ground.” No, these are different beets: not red, but white and very sweet. Our great-great-grandfathers used to cut it into slices and drink tea with it. Like us - with white sugar cubes. And instead of sugar in those days, they ate honey and drank sweet maple and linden juice. They even made marshmallows from these juices.
Sugar was sold not in a shop, but in a pharmacy, along with all sorts of rare drugs. It was taken only as a medicine: it was very expensive. To have a lot of cane sugar, you need a lot of cane. It’s not for nothing that our Cuban friends plant entire reed groves on their island. Well, to have a lot of beet sugar, you need a lot of sugar beets.
They will ask you jokingly: “Where does sugar grow?” - boldly answer: “In the field!” After all, sugar beets grow in the field. The harvester picks it out of the ground and puts it in piles. A truck will arrive and take the beets to the sugar factory. There they will boil sugar from it.
Not a day goes by without sugar - we drink tea and coffee with it. And you can’t make sweets, ice cream, and cookies without sugar!
- Read the second paragraph of the text in the textbook on p. 42.
- What other sweet substances are found in nature?(Glucose.)
- Where is glucose found in nature?(In various parts of plants. It is especially abundant in grapes and grape juice.)
Starch
Starch is a white powder. It is usually used when making jelly. It is one of the most important nutrients needed by humans. It is found in many plant products.
Chemical scientists have suggested how to find out whether there is starch in a particular product. To do this, you need a tincture of iodine diluted with water. If you drop it on a product that contains starch, the iodine tincture will change color to blue-violet.
2. Practical work
( The teacher divides the class into groups of four. Each receives some kind of body (potato, apple, bread, rice porridge, pear), a pipette and an iodine solution. The teacher takes food at his own discretion.)
- Using a diluted tincture of iodine, determine whether there is starch in the products given to you.
- Write down the results of the study and sketch them in your workbook.
( Children do practical work and fill out the table in the workbook on p. 18.)
- Tell us about your results.
3. Working from the textbook
- Read the text on p. 43-44.
- What is the name of a large group of substances found in the kitchen?(Acids.)
- Which foods contain which acids?(In lemon - lemon, in apple - apple, in sorrel leaves - sorrel, in sour milk - dairy.)
- Name the main property of acids.(Sour taste.)
- What acids do you know?
- Can any acid be tasted?(No.)
- Why can't this be done?(Acids are caustic. They corrode human skin, fabrics, wood.)
- How is acid rain formed? (Students' answers.) The main cause of acid rain is
air pollution with various harmful gases, and one of their sources is the car. Chemicals released during fuel combustion turn into acids at high altitudes in humid air. These dangerous substances, which are found in clouds and clouds, are carried by the wind for thousands of kilometers and fall in the form of acid rain. They cause enormous harm to forests, parks, and gardens. At the height of summer, the leaves of plants suddenly turn yellow and fall off. The shoots become fragile, like glass, breaking, dying, down to half the roots.
Acid destroys people's lungs, corrodes metals, paints, destroys load-bearing structures of bridges, towers, antennas and even aircraft components. Many historical monuments that have existed for centuries are now on the verge of destruction due to acid rain.
V . Physical education minute
We stomp our feet
We clap our hands
We nod our heads.
We raise our hands
We give up
We're spinning then.
We stomp our feet:
Top-top-top.
We give up:
Clap-clap-clap.
We'll spread our hands
And we'll run around.
VI . Consolidation studied material
Completing tasks in the workbook
№1(p. 16),
- Read the assignment. Find in the textbook part of the text about table salt.
- Name the main property of salt.(It tastes salty.)
- Where is salt found?(In nature, underground, in the form of a stone.)
- Where is table salt found?(In sea and lake water, in soil, in the bodies of living organisms.)
- Record this information in a table.
- Using the textbook text, write down information about sugar and acid in the same way.
№2 (p. 16).
- Read the assignment. What's missing from this list? Prove it.(Glucose is a type of sugar.)
№3(p.17).
- Read the assignment. Complete it.
( After completing the task, a mutual check is carried out.)
VII . Reflection
1. Group work
- Read the first task in the textbook on p. 44. Write a description of the substance in the form of a riddle and tell it to the class.
- Read the second task on p. 44. Follow through.
As soon as they don’t scold the nettle, which is only to blame for the fact that it knows how to defend itself! But nettle is both tasty and healthy. Cows, goats, sheep, and pigs would happily eat it. Just go and touch her. But if you chop the nettles and scald them with boiling water, the feed for livestock will be such that, as they say, you won’t be able to pull it by the ears. Nettles also landed on the table. In spring, young nettles are used to make excellent cabbage soup. After all, nettle appears earlier than sorrel in the meadows, earlier than garden greens.
And in the old days, strong threads were made from the fibers of nettle stems, and canvas was woven from the threads.
What stings and stings nettles? After all, it doesn’t seem to have sharp thorns. Yes, but they are so small that they are barely visible. Nettle is covered with spiny hairs. Hidden in each hair is a tiny, sealed “bottle” of burning acid. The neck of the bottle is so sharp that it immediately digs into the skin and breaks, and that same “sting” comes out from inside, causing blisters to appear on the children’s hands and feet, and tears in their eyes.
2. Game "Define ontouch"
- Try to identify sugar, salt, starch by touch. (The teacher plays the game.)
- Is it possible to do the same by tasting a substance?(An unknown substance should not be tasted as it may be poisonous.)
So, the substances are very diverse. In everyday life, people often encounter table salt, sugar, starch and various acids.
VIII . Summing up results lesson
- What substances do we come across every day?
- Name the main properties of sugar, table salt, starch, acid.
- What new did you learn in the lesson?
Homemade exercise
Additional material
Michael Vasilevich Lomonosov (1711-1765)
Lomonosov was born in the Arkhangelsk province, into a peasant family. Since childhood, he went to the sea with his father and caught fish with him. The boy learned to read early. He passionately wanted to study further. For this purpose, Mikhail Lomonosov went to Moscow on foot with a convoy of frozen fish.
In Moscow, in order to enter the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, he had to pretend to be the son of a nobleman (a peasant son had no access there). And six years later, Mikhail Lomonosov, as a reward for his academic success, was sent to Germany to study mining and chemistry.
Years of hard work on the path to knowledge - and Lomonosov becomes a major scientist.
It is difficult to imagine how one person could do so much in various fields of knowledge, in literature and art. One French historian even believed that there were two Mikhail Lomonosovs in Russia - a poet and a chemist.
But the chemist and the poet were the same person. And also a physicist and artist, astronomer and metallurgist, geographer and historian, educator and statesman.
The physical and chemical experiments carried out by Lomonosov and his laboratory were highly accurate. Once he did the following experiment: he weighed a sealed glass vessel with lead plates, calcined it, and then weighed it again. The plates were coated with oxide, but the total mass of the vessel did not change. This is how the law of conservation of matter was discovered - one of the basic laws of nature. This discovery alone would be enough to call Lomonosov a great scientist.
Lomonosov designed and builttelescope for observationstars Andplanets. Using this telescope, he discovered that the planetVenus surrounded by an atmosphere, like our Earth. Only more than a hundred years later, astronomers were able to confirm this observation.
All his life Lomonosov tirelessly fought against backwardness and ignorance for the triumph of science. He argued that the Universe is infinite, and there are countless inhabited worlds in it, that both our Earth and everything that exists in nature is not unchanged, but is constantly changing and developing. No one cared more than Lomonosov about the practical application of astronomy. Lomonosov is rightly considered one of the greatest astronomers of his time.
Lomonosov believed that all bodies consist of tiny moving particles -molecules Andatoms, which move faster when a body heats up, and slower when cooled.
Before Lomonosov, books in Russia were written mainly in Church Slavonic. Mikhail Vasilyevich studied the living spoken language and wrote the first truly scientific grammar of the Russian language. He showed the beauty and power of the Russian language in his own poems.
Not far from St. Petersburg, Lomonosov built a factory where glass of different colors and shades was made according to his recipes. From multi-colored pieces of glass, Lomonosov created several beautiful mosaic paintings, for example, an image of the famous Battle of Poltava and a portrait of PeterI.
Mikhail Vasilyevich put a lot of effort into achieving the opening of the first higher educational institution in Russia - a university in Moscow. Moscow State University - one of the best in the world - proudly bears the name of M.V. Lomonosov.
Salt
Table salt, or, as chemists would say, sodium chloride, cannot be called an ordinary substance. Its properties are amazing and its fate is very interesting. In ancient Rome, caravans of salt walked slowly along the main trade road - Via Solaria, which means “salt path”. The caravans were accompanied by detachments of warriors so that salt, a precious treasure, would not become the prey of robbers. In ancient times, salt was literally worth its weight in gold.
Salt is vital for humans. If the body lacks it for a long time, a person may die. The lack of salt also caused popular unrest - “salt riots” are known in history. They paid with salt instead of coins, and countries fought with each other over salt.
Those times have passed; now salt is mined in sufficient quantities. And its reserves on Earth are truly inexhaustible. There are gigantic dome-shaped blocks and entire salt mountains both in the bowels of the Earth and on its surface. For example, Mount Khoja-Mumin in Tajikistan, entirely consisting of rock salt, rises 900 m above sea level.
In a dissolved state, salt is found in the water of seas and oceans: in mineral lakes, salty streams. All this solid salt would take up about 70 million cubic kilometers. With this amount you can cover the entire Earth with a layer the thickness of which would exceed a 30-story building! Salt is mined by evaporation, as well as in salt mines - in much the same way as coal. In addition, underground sanatoriums for asthma patients are set up in salt mines: the salt air in them is healing.
