Home chemists-scientists believe that the most useful property of detergents is the content of surfactants (surfactants). Surfactants significantly reduce the electrostatic voltage between the particles of substances and break down conglomerates. This property makes it easier to clean the clothes. In this article, there are chemical reactions that you can repeat with household chemicals, because with the help of surfactants you can not only remove dirt, but also perform spectacular experiments.

Experience one: a foamy volcano in a bank

It is very easy to carry out this interesting experiment at home. For him you will need:

hydroperite, or (the higher the concentration of the solution, the more intense the reaction will be and the more spectacular the eruption of the "volcano"; therefore, it is better to buy tablets in the pharmacy and immediately before use dilute them in a small volume in a ratio of 1/1 (you get a 50% solution - this is excellent concentration);

gel detergent for dishes (prepare about 50 ml of an aqueous solution);

dye.

Now you need to get an effective catalyst - ammonia. Add the ammonia liquid carefully and drop by drop until it is completely dissolved.

Consider the formula:

CuSO₄ + 6NH₃ + 2H₂O = (OH) ₂ (copper ammonia) + (NH₄) ₂SO₄

Peroxide decomposition reaction:

2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂

Making a volcano: mix ammonia with a cleaning solution in a jar or wide-necked flask. Then quickly pour in the hydroperite solution. The "eruption" can be very strong - it is better to substitute some kind of container under the volcano flask.

Experiment two: reaction of acid and sodium salts

Perhaps the most common compound found in every home is baking soda. It reacts with acid to create new salt, water and carbon dioxide. The latter can be detected by hissing and bubbles at the reaction site.

Experience three: floating soap bubbles

This is a very simple baking soda experience. You will need:

• wide bottom aquarium;
• baking soda (150-200 grams);
• (6-9% solution);
• soap bubbles (to make your own, mix water, dishwashing detergent, and glycerin);

Spread soda evenly over the bottom of the aquarium and fill it with acetic acid. The result is carbon dioxide. It is heavier than air and therefore settles at the bottom of the glass box. To determine if there is CO₂ there, lower the lighted match to the bottom - it will instantly go out in carbon dioxide.

NaHCO₃ + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂

Now you need to blow bubbles into the container. They will slowly move along a horizontal line (the boundary of contact between carbon dioxide and air, invisible to the eye, as if floating in an aquarium).

Experience four: reaction of soda and acid 2.0

For experience you will need:

• different types of non-hygroscopic foods (for example, gummies).
• a glass of diluted baking soda (one tablespoon);
• a glass with a solution of acetic or any other available acid (malic,).

Cut the pieces of marmalade with a sharp knife into strips 1-3 cm long and place for processing in a glass with soda solution. Wait 10 minutes and then move the pieces to another glass (with an acidic solution).

The ribbons will become overgrown with bubbles of the resulting carbon dioxide and float upward. On the surface, the bubbles will evaporate, the lifting force of the gas will disappear, and the marmalade ribbons will drown, again become overgrown with bubbles, and so on until the reagents in the container run out.

Fifth experiment: properties of alkali and litmus paper

Most detergents contain caustic soda, the most common alkali. It is possible to reveal its presence in the detergent solution in this elementary experiment. At home, a young enthusiast will easily conduct it on his own:

• take a strip of litmus paper;
• dissolve a little liquid soap in water;
• dip litmus into soapy liquid;
• wait until the indicator turns blue, which will indicate an alkaline reaction of the solution.

Click to find out what other experiments to determine the acidity of the environment can be carried out from the materials at hand.

Experiment six: colored explosions in milk

The experience is based on the properties of the interaction of fats and surfactants. Fat molecules have a special, dual structure: hydrophilic (interacting, dissociating with water) and hydrophobic (water-insoluble "tail" of a polyatomic compound) end of the molecule.

1. Pour milk into a wide container of shallow depth ("canvas" on which a color explosion will be visible). Milk is a suspension, a suspension of fatty molecules in water.
2. Use a pipette to add a few drops of the water-soluble liquid dye to the milk container. You can add different dyes to different places of the container and make a multicolored explosion.
3. Then you need to soak a cotton swab in liquid detergent and touch the surface of the milk. The white "canvas" of milk turns into a moving palette with colors that move in the liquid like spirals and twist into bizarre bends.

This phenomenon is based on the ability of surfactants to fragment (divide into sections) a film of fat molecules on the surface of a liquid. Fat molecules, repelling by their hydrophobic "tails", migrate in the milky suspension, and with them the partially undissolved paint.

My personal experience in teaching chemistry has shown that such a science as chemistry is very difficult to study without any initial information and practice. Pupils very often start this subject. I personally observed how an 8th grade student at the word "chemistry" began to frown, as if he had eaten a lemon.

Later it turned out that due to dislike and misunderstanding of the subject, he skipped school secretly from his parents. Of course, the school curriculum is designed in such a way that the teacher must give a lot of theory in the first lessons of chemistry. Practice, as it were, fades into the background at the very moment when the student is not yet able to independently realize whether he needs this subject in the future. This is primarily due to the laboratory equipment of schools. In big cities, the situation is better with reagents and instruments at the present time. As far as the province is concerned, just like 10 years ago and now, many schools do not have the opportunity to conduct laboratory classes. But the process of studying and getting carried away with chemistry, as well as with other natural sciences, usually begins with experiments. And this is no coincidence. Many famous chemists, such as Lomonosov, Mendeleev, Paracelsus, Robert Boyle, Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska-Curie (all these researchers are also studied by schoolchildren in physics lessons) have begun experimenting since childhood. The great discoveries of these great people were made precisely in home chemical laboratories, since chemistry classes at institutes were available only to people with wealth.

And, of course, the most important thing is to interest the child and convey to him that chemistry surrounds us everywhere, so the process of studying it can be very exciting. Here home chemical experiments will come to the rescue. Observing such experiments, one can further look for an explanation of why it happens this way and not otherwise. And when, in school lessons, a young researcher encounters such concepts, the teacher's explanations will be more understandable to him, since he will already have his own experience in conducting home chemical experiments and the knowledge gained.

It is very important to start your science study with the usual observations and real-life examples that you think will work best for your child. Here is some of them. Water is a chemical made up of two elements and gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. It is known that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days.

River sand is nothing more than silicon oxide and is also the main raw material for glass production.

The person himself does not suspect it and carries out chemical reactions every second. The air we breathe is a mixture of gases - chemicals. In the process of exhalation, another complex substance is released - carbon dioxide. We can say that we ourselves are a chemical laboratory. You can explain to your child that washing hands with soap is also a chemical process of water and soap.

An older child, who, for example, has already begun to study chemistry at school, can be explained that practically all elements of the periodic system of D.I.Mendeleev can be found in the human body. In a living organism, not only are all chemical elements present, but each of them performs some kind of biological function.

Chemistry is also a medicine, without which many people today cannot live a day.

Plants also contain the chemical chlorophyll, which gives the leaf a green color.

Cooking food is a complex chemical process. Here is an example of how the dough rises when yeast is added.

One of the options for how to interest a child in chemistry is to take an individual outstanding researcher and read the story of his life or watch a training film about him (such films are now available about D.I. Mendeleev, Paracelsus, M.V. Lomonosov, Butlerov).

Many people believe that real chemistry is harmful substances, it is dangerous to experiment with them, especially at home. There are many very exciting experiences that you can do with your child without harming your health. And these home chemistry experiments will be no less fascinating and instructive than those that come with explosions, pungent odors and puffs of smoke.

Some parents are also afraid to conduct chemical experiments at home due to their complexity or lack of the necessary equipment and reagents. It turns out that you can get by with improvised means and those substances that every housewife has in the kitchen. You can buy them at your local home store or pharmacy. Tubes for home chemical experiments can be replaced with pill bottles. To store reagents, you can use glass jars, for example, from baby food or mayonnaise.

It is worth remembering that the container with reagents must have a label with the inscription and be tightly closed. Sometimes the tubes need to be heated. In order not to hold it in your hands when heated and not to burn yourself, you can build such a device using a clothespin or a piece of wire.

It is also necessary to select a few steel and wooden spoons for mixing.

You can make a rack for holding test tubes yourself by drilling through holes in the bar.

You will need a paper filter to filter the resulting substances. It is very easy to make it according to the scheme given here.

For children who do not yet go to school or are studying in elementary grades, setting up home chemical experiments with their parents will be a kind of game. Most likely, such a young researcher will not yet be able to explain some individual laws and reactions. However, it is possible that just such an empirical way of discovering the surrounding world, nature, man, plant through experiments will lay the foundation for the study of natural sciences in the future. You can even arrange a kind of contests in the family - who will have a more successful experience and then demonstrate them at family holidays.

Regardless of your child's age and ability to read and write, I advise you to keep a laboratory journal in which you can record experiments or sketch. A real chemist necessarily writes down a work plan, a list of reagents, sketches devices and describes the course of work.

When you and your child are just starting to study this science of substances and conduct home chemical experiments, the first thing to remember is safety.

To do this, you need to follow the following safety rules:

2. It is better to allocate a separate table for conducting chemical experiments at home. If you do not have a separate table at home, then experiments are best carried out on a steel or iron tray or pallet.

3. It is necessary to acquire thin and thick gloves (they are sold in a pharmacy or in a hardware store).

4. For chemical experiments, it is best to buy a lab coat, but you can also use a thick apron instead of a coat.

5. Laboratory glassware should not be further used for food.

6. In domestic chemical experiments there should be no cruelty to animals and violation of the ecological system. Acidic chemical wastes must be neutralized with soda, and alkaline ones with acetic acid.

7. If you want to check the smell of gas, liquid or reagent, never bring the vessel directly to your face, but, holding it at some distance, direct, waving your hand, the air above the vessel towards you and at the same time smell the air.

8. Always use small amounts of reagents in home experiments. Avoid leaving reagents in a container without an appropriate label (label) on the bottle, from which it should be clear what is in the bottle.

The study of chemistry should start with simple chemical experiments at home, allowing the child to master the basic concepts. A series of experiments 1-3 allow you to get acquainted with the basic states of aggregation of substances and the properties of water. To begin with, you can show your preschooler how sugar and salt dissolve in water, explaining that water is a universal solvent and is a liquid. Sugar or salt are solids that dissolve in a liquid.

Experience No. 1 "Because - without water and neither here nor there"

Water is a liquid chemical made up of two elements and gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. It is known that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days.

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, soda, citric acid, water

Experiment: Take two tubes. Pour soda and citric acid into them in equal amounts. Then pour water into one of the test tubes, but not into the other. In the test tube, in which water was poured, carbon dioxide began to evolve. In a test tube without water - nothing has changed

Discussion: This experiment explains the fact that many reactions and processes in living organisms are impossible without water, and water also accelerates many chemical reactions. It can be explained to schoolchildren that an exchange reaction took place, as a result of which carbon dioxide was released.

Experience No. 2 "What is dissolved in tap water"

Reagents and equipment: clear glass, tap water

Experiment: Pour tap water into a transparent glass and put it in a warm place for an hour. After an hour, you will see settled bubbles on the walls of the glass.

Discussion: Bubbles are nothing more than gases dissolved in water. Gases dissolve better in cold water. As soon as the water becomes warm, the gases stop dissolving and settle on the walls. Such a home chemical experience also makes it possible to acquaint the child with the gaseous state of matter.

Experience No. 3 "What is dissolved in mineral water or water is a universal solvent"

Reagents and equipment: test tube, mineral water, candle, magnifier

Experiment: Pour mineral water into a test tube and slowly evaporate it over a candle flame (the experiment can be done on the stove in a saucepan, but the crystals will be less visible). As the water evaporates, small crystals will remain on the walls of the test tube, all of them are of different shapes.

Discussion: Crystals are salts dissolved in mineral water. They have a different shape and size, since each crystal has its own chemical formula. With a child who has already begun to study chemistry at school, you can read the label on the mineral water, where its composition is indicated and write the formulas of the compounds contained in the mineral water.

Experience No. 4 "Filtration of water mixed with sand"

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, funnel, paper filter, water, river sand

Experiment: Pour water into a test tube and dip a little river sand there, mix. Then, according to the scheme described above, make a filter out of paper. Insert a dry, clean tube into a rack. Slowly pour the sand / water mixture through a filter paper funnel. The river sand will remain on the filter, and you will get clean water in a tripod tube.

Discussion: Chemical experience makes it possible to show that there are substances that do not dissolve in water, for example, river sand. Experience also introduces one of the methods of purification of mixtures of substances from impurities. Here you can introduce the concepts of pure substances and mixtures, which are given in the chemistry textbook of grade 8. In this case, the mixture is sand with water, the pure substance is the filtrate, river sand is the sediment.

The filtration process (described in grade 8) is used here to separate a mixture of water and sand. To diversify the study of this process, you can delve a little into the history of drinking water purification.

Filtration processes were used as early as the 8th-7th centuries BC. in the state of Urartu (now it is the territory of Armenia) for the purification of drinking water. Its residents built a water supply system using filters. Dense cloth and charcoal were used as filters. Similar systems of intertwined drainpipes, clay canals, equipped with filters were also on the territory of the ancient Nile among the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. The water was passed through such a filter, and then skipped through such a filter several times, eventually many times, ultimately achieving the best water quality.

One of the most interesting experiences is growing crystals. The experience is very visual and gives an idea of ​​many chemical and physical concepts.

Experience number 5 "Growing sugar crystals"

Reagents and equipment: two glasses of water; sugar - five glasses; wooden skewers; thin paper; pan; transparent cups; food coloring (the proportions of sugar and water can be reduced).

Experiment: The experiment should begin with the preparation of sugar syrup. Take a saucepan, pour 2 cups of water and 2.5 cups of sugar into it. We put on medium heat and, stirring, dissolve all the sugar. Pour the remaining 2.5 cups of sugar into the resulting syrup and cook until completely dissolved.

Now let's prepare the embryos of crystals - sticks. Sprinkle a small amount of sugar on a piece of paper, then dip the stick in the resulting syrup, and roll it in sugar.

We take the pieces of paper and poke a hole in the middle with a skewer so that the piece of paper fits snugly against the skewer.

Then we pour the hot syrup into transparent glasses (it is important that the glasses are transparent - this will make the process of ripening crystals more fun and visual). The syrup must be hot, otherwise crystals will not grow.

Colored sugar crystals can be made. To do this, add a little food coloring to the resulting hot syrup and stir it.

Crystals will grow in different ways, some quickly and some may take longer. At the end of the experiment, the child can eat the resulting lollipops, if he is not allergic to sweets.

If you do not have wooden skewers, then the experiment can be done with ordinary threads.

Discussion: A crystal is a solid state of matter. It has a certain shape and a certain number of faces due to the arrangement of its atoms. Crystalline substances are considered, the atoms of which are arranged regularly, so that they form a regular three-dimensional lattice, called crystalline. Crystals of a number of chemical elements and their compounds have remarkable mechanical, electrical, magnetic and optical properties. For example, diamond is a natural crystal and the hardest and rarest mineral. Due to its exceptional hardness, diamond plays an enormous role in technology. Diamond saws are used to cut stones. There are three ways of crystal formation: crystallization from a melt, from a solution, and from a gas phase. An example of crystallization from a melt is the formation of ice from water (after all, water is molten ice). An example of crystallization from solution in nature is the precipitation of hundreds of millions of tons of salt from seawater. In this case, when growing crystals at home, we are dealing with the most common methods of artificial growth - crystallization from solution. Sugar crystals grow from a saturated solution with slow evaporation of the solvent - water or with a slow decrease in temperature.

The next experiment allows you to get at home one of the most useful crystalline products for humans - crystalline iodine. Before carrying out the experiment, I advise you to watch with your child a small film “Life of Great Ideas. Smart iodine ". The film gives an idea of ​​the benefits of iodine and the unusual history of its discovery, which will be remembered for a long time by the young researcher. And it is interesting because an ordinary cat was the discoverer of iodine.

During the Napoleonic wars, the French scientist Bernard Courtois noticed that in the products obtained from the ash of seaweed that were thrown onto the coast of France, there is some kind of substance that corrodes iron and copper vessels. But neither Courtois himself nor his assistants knew how to isolate this substance from algae ash. Chance helped speed up the discovery.

At his small plant for the production of saltpeter in Dijon, Courtois was going to conduct several experiments. On the table were vessels, one of which contained a tincture of seaweed in alcohol, and the other contained a mixture of sulfuric acid and iron. On the shoulders of the scientist sat his beloved cat.

There was a knock on the door, and the frightened cat jumped down and ran away, brushing the flasks on the table with its tail. The vessels shattered, the contents mixed, and suddenly a violent chemical reaction began. When a small cloud of vapors and gases settled, the surprised scientist saw some kind of crystalline coating on the objects and debris. Courtois began to investigate it. Crystals to anyone before this unknown substance were called "iodine".

So a new element was discovered, and the domestic cat of Bernard Courtois went down in history.

Experience No. 6 "Obtaining iodine crystals"

Reagents and equipment: tincture of pharmaceutical iodine, water, glass or cylinder, napkin.

Experiment: We mix water with tincture of iodine in the proportion: 10 ml of iodine and 10 ml of water. And we put everything in the refrigerator for 3 hours. During the cooling process, iodine will precipitate at the bottom of the glass. We drain the liquid, take out the iodine sediment and put it on a napkin. Squeeze out with napkins until the iodine begins to crumble.

Discussion: This chemical experiment is called extracting or extracting one component from another. In this case, water extracts iodine from the alcohol lamp solution. Thus, the young researcher will repeat the experience of Courtois the cat without smoke and beating dishes.

Your child will already learn about the benefits of iodine for disinfecting wounds from the film. In this way, you will show that there is an inextricable link between chemistry and medicine. However, it turns out that iodine can be used as an indicator or analyzer of the content of another useful substance - starch. The next experiment will acquaint the young experimenter with a separate very useful chemistry - analytical.

Experience No. 7 "Iodine indicator of starch content"

Reagents and equipment: fresh potatoes, slices of banana, apple, bread, a glass of diluted starch, a glass of diluted iodine, a pipette.

Experiment: We cut the potatoes into two parts and drip the diluted iodine on it - the potatoes turn blue. Then we drip a few drops of iodine into a glass with diluted starch. The liquid also turns blue.

Using a pipette, we drip iodine dissolved in water onto an apple, banana, bread, in turn.

We observe:

The apple didn't turn blue at all. Banana - slightly blue. Bread - turned blue very much. This part of the experience shows the presence of starch in various foods.

Discussion: Starch, reacting with iodine, gives a blue color. This property enables us to detect the presence of starch in various foods. Thus, iodine is, as it were, an indicator or analyzer of starch content.

As you know, starch can be converted into sugar, if you take an unripe apple and drop iodine, then it turns blue, since the apple is not yet ripe. As soon as the apple is ripe, all the starch contained will turn into sugar and the apple, when treated with iodine, does not turn blue at all.

The following experience will be useful for children who have already started studying chemistry at school. It introduces concepts such as chemical reaction, compound reaction and qualitative reaction.

Experience No. 8 "Coloring of the flame or the reaction of the compound"

Reagents and equipment: tweezers, table salt, alcohol lamp

Experiment: Take a few crystals of coarse table salt with tweezers. Let's hold them over the flame of the burner. The flame turns yellow.

Discussion: This experiment allows a chemical combustion reaction to be carried out, which is an example of a compound reaction. Due to the presence of sodium in the composition of table salt, during combustion, it reacts with oxygen. As a result, a new substance is formed - sodium oxide. The appearance of a yellow flame indicates that the reaction has passed. Such reactions are qualitative reactions to compounds containing sodium, that is, it can be used to determine whether the substance contains sodium or not.

Useful Tips

Children are always trying to find out something new every day and they always have a lot of questions.

They can explain some phenomena, but you can clearly show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works.

In these experiments, children not only learn something new, but also learn create differentcrafts, with which they will be able to play further.

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

Baking soda

Food colors or watercolors

Dishwashing liquid

Wooden stick or spoon (optional)

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.

2. Cut a piece of lemon from the back as shown in the image.

* You can cut off half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take a second lemon, cut it in half, and squeeze the juice out of it into a cup. This will be your backup lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the cut out) on the tray and spoon the lemon inside to squeeze out some juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor to the inside of the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dish soap into the lemon.

7. Add a spoonful of baking soda to the lemon. A reaction will begin. You can stir everything inside the lemon with a stick or spoon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more baking soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels from chewing worms

You will need:

2 glasses

Small capacity

4-6 chewing worms

3 tablespoons of baking soda

1/2 spoon of vinegar

1 cup of water

Scissors, kitchen or stationery knife.

1. Using scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (exactly along - it will not be easy, but be patient) of each worm into 4 (or more) parts.

* The smaller the piece, the better.

* If the scissors don't want to cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Stir water and baking soda in a glass.

3. Add pieces of worms to the water and baking soda solution and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Use a fork to transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoonful of vinegar into an empty glass and start placing the worms in it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if the worms are washed with plain water. After a few tries, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

A bowl of water

Clear nail polish

Small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1 to 2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. See how the varnish disperses in the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into a bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper is dry (this happens quickly), start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that is displayed on it.

* To get a better view of the rainbow on paper, look at it in the sunlight.

4. Experiments at home: rain cloud in the bank

When small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. As a result, they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.

This phenomenon can be shown to children using simple materials.

You will need:

Shaving foam

Food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - this will be a cloud.

3. Let the child begin to drip food coloring onto the "cloud" until it "rains" - the drops of color begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

Explain this phenomenon to your child during the experiment.

You will need:

Warm water

Sunflower oil

4 food colors

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and stir in 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring. In this example, 1 drop of each of the 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Stir the dyes and oil with a fork.

4. Pour the mixture gently into a jar of warm water.

5. See what happens - the food coloring will slowly sink through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to scatter and mix with the other drops.

* Food coloring is water soluble, but not oil soluble. the density of the oil is less than water (that's why it "floats" on the water). A drop of dye is heavier than oil, so it will submerge until it reaches the water, where it begins to dissipate and resemble a small fireworks display.

6. Interesting experiences: ina bar in which colors merge

You will need:

- wheel printout (or you can cut your wheel and paint all the colors of the rainbow on it)

Elastic band or thick thread

Glue stick

Scissors

A skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Select and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut the glued circle out of the cardboard.

4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Pass the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your top and watch the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

Small transparent plastic bag

Clear plastic bottle

Food coloring

Scissors.

1. Place a plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthways to the right and left to create two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie a thread around the jellyfish's neck, but not too tight - you need to leave a small hole to pour water into the jellyfish's head through it.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from bottom to head. You need approximately 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air to float in the bottle.

8. Fill a bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Add a few drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly to prevent water spilling out.

* Have the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

Glass tumbler or bowl

Plastic bowl

1 cup Epsom Salt (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts

1 cup hot water

Food coloring.

1. Pour Epsom salt into a bowl and add hot water. You can add a few drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1 to 2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution isn't hot enough to crack the glass.

4. After freezing, transfer the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably on the top shelf, and let it sit overnight.

The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait out the night.

This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If touched, they will most likely break or crumble immediately.

9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube

10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands

Friends, good afternoon! Agree, how sometimes it is interesting to surprise our crumbs! They have such a funny reaction to. It shows that they are ready to learn, ready to absorb new material. The whole world opens up at this moment in front of them and for them! And we, parents, act as real wizards with a hat, from which we “pull out” something amazingly interesting, new and very important!

What are we going to get out of the "magic" hat today? We have 25 experimental experiments there for children and adults... They will be prepared for babies of different ages in order to interest them and involve them in the process. Some can be carried out without any preparation, with the help of handy tools that each of us has at home. For others, we will buy some materials so that everything goes smoothly for us. Well? I wish all of us good luck and go!

Today will be a real holiday! And in the program we have:

Ice soap bubbles

What do you think will happen if simple the bubbles that the baby is in 4 years so loves to inflate, run after them and burst them, inflate in the cold. Or rather, right into the snowdrift.

I give a hint:

• they will burst at once!
• take off and fly away!
• freeze!

Whatever you choose, I say right away, it will surprise you! Can you imagine what will happen to the little one ?!

But in slow motion - it's just a fairy tale!

Complicating the question. Is it possible to repeat the experiment in the summer in order to get a similar option?

Choose answers:

• Yes. But you need ice from the refrigerator.

You know, even though I really want to tell you everything, but that's exactly what I will not do! Let there be at least one surprise for you!

Paper against water

A real one awaits us experiment... Is it possible for paper to defeat water? This is a challenge to everyone who plays Rock-Paper-Scissors!

What we need:

• Paper;
• Water in a glass.

Cover the glass. It would be nice if its edges were a little damp, then the paper will stick. Turn the glass over carefully ... No water leaks!

Inflating the balls without breathing?

We have already carried out chemical baby experiences. Remember, there the very first room for very small crumbs was a room with vinegar and soda. So, let's continue! And we use energy, or rather, air, which is released during the reaction for peaceful inflating purposes.

Ingredients:

• Soda;
• Plastic bottle;
• Vinegar;
• Ball.

Pour soda into a bottle and pour 1/3 of vinegar. Shake lightly and quickly pull the ball over the neck. When it is inflated, bandage and remove from the bottle.

Such an experience can show a little even in kindergarten.

Rain from a cloud

We need:

• Bank of water;
• Shaving foam;
• Food coloring (any color, several colors are possible).

We make a cloud of foam. Big and beautiful cloud! Leave it to the very best cloud maker, your child 5 years... He will definitely make her real!

photo author

It remains only to distribute the dye over the cloud, and ... drip-drip! Rain is coming!

Rainbow

Maybe, physics the children are still unknown. But after they make the Rainbow, they will definitely love this science!

• Deep transparent container with water;
• Mirror;
• Lamp;
• Paper.

Place a mirror at the bottom of the container. At a slight angle, we shine a flashlight on the mirror. It remains to catch the Rainbow on paper.

It's even easier to use a disc and flashlight.

Crystals

There is a similar, only ready-made game. But our experience interesting the fact that we ourselves, from the very beginning, will grow crystals from salt in water. To do this, take a thread or wire. And let us keep it for several days in such salty water, where the salt can no longer dissolve, but accumulates in a layer on the wire.

Can be grown from sugar

Lava bank

If you add oil to a jar of water, it will all collect on top. It can be tinted with food coloring. But in order for the bright oil to sink to the bottom, you need to sprinkle salt on top of it. Then the oil will settle. But not for long. The salt will gradually dissolve and release the beautiful droplets of oil. Colored oil rises gradually, as if a mysterious volcano is bubbling inside the jar.

Eruption

For toddlers 7 years it will be very interesting to blow up, demolish, destroy something. In a word, the real element is for them. and therefore we create a real, exploding volcano!

We sculpt from plasticine or from cardboard we make a "mountain". We put a jar inside it. Yes, so that its neck fits to the "crater". We fill a jar of soda, dye, warm water and ... vinegar. And everything will start to “explode, the lava will rush up and flood everything around!

A hole in the bag - it doesn't matter

This is what convinces book of scientific experiments for children and adults Dmitry Mokhov "Simple Science". And we can verify this statement ourselves! First, fill the bag with water. and then we will pierce it. But what we pierced with (a pencil, a toothpick or a pin) will not be removed. How much water will we leak out? Checking!

Water that does not spill

Only this kind of water still needs to be made.

We take water, paint and starch (as much as water) and mix. As a result - ordinary water. Only you won't be able to spill it!

Slippery Egg

In order for the egg to really crawl into the neck of the bottle, it is worth setting fire to a piece of paper and throwing it into the bottle. Cover the hole with an egg. When the fire is extinguished, the egg will slip inside.

Snow in summer

This trick is especially interesting to repeat during the warmer months. Remove the contents of the diapers and wet them with water. Everything! The snow is ready! Nowadays, such snow is easy to find in children's toys in stores. Ask the seller for artificial snow. And there is no need to spoil the diapers.

Moving snakes

To make a moving figure, we need:

• Sand;
• Alcohol;
• Sugar;
• Soda;
• The fire.

Pour alcohol on a pile of sand and let it soak. Then pour sugar and soda on top and set it on fire! Oh what happy this experiment! Kids and adults will love what the revived snake does!

Of course, this is for older children. And it looks pretty scary!

Battery Train

The copper wire, which we twist in an even spiral, will become our tunnel. How? Let's connect its edges, forming a round tunnel. But before that we "run" the battery inside, just attach neodymium magnets to its edges. And consider that you have invented a perpetual motion machine! The locomotive drove off by itself.

Swing from a candle

To light both ends of the candle, you need to clean the bottom of it up to the wick from wax. Heat the needle over the fire and pierce the candle in the middle with it. Place the candle on 2 glasses so that it rests on the needle. Burn the edges and rock slightly. Further, the candle itself will swing.

Elephant Tooth Paste

The elephant needs more and more. We do it! Dissolve potassium permanganate in water. Add liquid soap. The final ingredient - hydrogen peroxide - turns our mixture into giant elephant paste!

Let's drink a candle

For greater effect, paint the water in a bright color. We put a candle in the middle of the saucer. We set it on fire and cover with a transparent container. Pour water into a saucer. At first, the water will be around the container, but then everything will be soaked inward, to the candle.
Oxygen is burned, the pressure inside the glass decreases and

Real chameleon

What will help our chameleon change color? Cunning! Give your little one 6 years decorate a plastic plate in different colors. And cut out the chameleon figure yourself on another plate, similar in shape and size. It remains not to firmly connect both cymbals in the middle so that the upper one, with the cut-out figure, can rotate. Then the color of the animal will always change.

Light up the rainbow

Place the Skittles on a plate in a circle. Pour water into the plate. it remains to wait a bit and we get a rainbow!

Smoke rings

Cut off the bottom of the plastic bottle. And pull the edge of the cut balloon to get a membrane, as in the photo. Light the incense stick and place it in the bottle. Close the lid. When there is solid smoke in the can, unscrew the lid and tap on the membrane. The smoke will come out in rings.

Multicolored liquid

To make everything look more spectacular, paint the liquid in different colors. Make 2-3 pieces of colored water. pour water of the same color on the bottom of the can. Then carefully pour vegetable oil along the wall from different sides. Pour water mixed with alcohol on top of it.

Egg without shell

Put a raw egg in vinegar for at least a day, some say for a week. And the focus is ready! Egg without hard shell.
The eggshell contains calcium in abundance. Vinegar reacts actively with calcium and gradually dissolves it. As a result, the egg is covered with a film, but completely without the shell. It feels like an elastic ball to the touch.
And the egg will also be larger than its original size, as it will absorb a little vinegar.

Dancing men

It's time to mess around! Mix 2 parts of starch with 1 part of water. Put a bowl of starchy liquid on the speakers and turn up the bass louder!

Coloring the ice

We decorate ice figures of different shapes using food paint mixed with water and salt. The salt eats away at the ice and seeps deep into interesting passages. A great idea for color therapy.

Launching paper rockets

We release the tea bags from the tea by cutting off the top. We set it on fire! Warm air lifts the package!

There are so many experiences that you definitely have something to do with children, just choose! And don't forget to come back for a new article, which you will learn about if you subscribe! Invite your friends to visit us! And that's all for today! Until!

All children, without exception, love mysterious, mysterious and unusual phenomena. Most of the children really like to conduct interesting experiments, some of which do not ask their parents or other adults for help.

Experiences with children

Not all experiences are suitable for children. Some of them can be dangerous to the life and health of babies, especially those of preschool age. Nevertheless, under the supervision and supervision of parents or other adults, the child can conduct any entertaining experiment - the main thing is to carefully monitor compliance with the necessary safety requirements.

All scientific experiments are extremely useful for children. They allow young inventors to visually familiarize themselves with the properties of various substances and objects, chemical compounds and much more, understand the causes of certain phenomena and gain valuable practical experience that can be applied in later life. In addition, some of these experiments can be shown as magic tricks, so that the child can gain credibility with his friends and acquaintances.

Experiments with water for children

All people in everyday life use water very often and do not at all think about the fact that it has truly magical and amazing properties. Meanwhile, this liquid can be enjoyed incredibly with children. For example, boys and girls at home can do the following experiments:

Experiments with fire for children

Special care should be taken with fire, but it is with it that incredibly interesting experiments for children can be made. Try one of the following experiments with your offspring:

Experiments with salt for children

Entertaining experiments for children can also be carried out with bulk substances, for example, with salt. The guys will definitely like experiments such as:

Experiments with soda for children

No less spectacular experiments for children can be done with baking soda, for example, "Volcano". Place a small plastic bottle on the table and sculpt a volcano out of clay or sand around it. Pour 2 tablespoons of baking soda into a container, add about 50-70 ml of warm water, a few drops of red food coloring, and at the very end - a quarter cup of vinegar. A real volcanic eruption will take place in front of your eyes, and the child will be delighted.

Other experiments for children with baking soda can be built on the property of this substance to crystallize. To obtain crystals, can be used in the same way as in the case of salt. To do this, it is necessary to prepare a dense soda solution in which the granular substance no longer dissolves, and then place a metal wire or other object there and leave it in a warm place for several days. The result will not be long in coming.

Balloon experiments for kids

Often, experiments and experiments for children are associated with various properties of balloons, such as:

Experiments with eggs for children

Some interesting experiments with children can be done using chicken eggs, for example:

Experiments with lemon for children

Anything can be used to conduct experiments. Interesting experiments with lemon deserve special attention, for example:

Experiments with paints for children

All kids love to draw, but it will be even more interesting for them to conduct entertaining experiments with paints. Try one of the following experiments: