Experiments at home are a great way to introduce children to the basics of physics and chemistry, and make it easier to understand complex abstract laws and terms through visual demonstration. Moreover, for their implementation it is not necessary to acquire expensive reagents or special equipment. After all, without hesitation, we conduct experiments every day at home - from adding slaked soda to the dough to connecting batteries to a flashlight. Read on to find out how easy, simple and safe it is to conduct interesting experiments.

Chemical experiments at home

Does the image of a professor with a glass flask and scorched eyebrows immediately appear in your head? Do not worry, our chemical experiments at home are completely safe, interesting and useful. Thanks to them, the child will easily remember what exo- and endothermic reactions are and what is the difference between them.

So, let's make hatching dinosaur eggs that can be successfully used as bath bombs.

For experience you need:

• small dinosaur figurines;
• baking soda;
• vegetable oil;
• lemon acid;
• food coloring or liquid watercolors.

The order of the experiment

1. Pour ½ cup baking soda into a small bowl and add about ¼ tsp. liquid paints (or dissolve 1-2 drops of food coloring in ¼ tsp of water), mix the baking soda with your fingers to get an even color.
2. Add 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. Mix dry ingredients thoroughly.
3. Add 1 tsp. vegetable oil.
4. You should end up with a crumbly dough that barely sticks together when pressed. If it does not want to stick together at all, then slowly add ¼ tsp. butter until you reach the desired consistency.
5. Now take a dinosaur figurine and cover it with dough in the shape of an egg. It will be very brittle at first, so it should be left overnight (minimum 10 hours) for it to harden.
6. Then you can start a fun experiment: fill the bathroom with water and drop an egg into it. It will hiss furiously as it dissolves into the water. It will be cold when touched, as it is an endothermic reaction between an acid and a base, absorbing heat from the environment.

Please note that the bathroom may become slippery due to the addition of oil.

Elephant Toothpaste

Experiments at home, the result of which can be felt and touched, are very popular with children. These include this fun project that ends up with lots of thick, fluffy colored foam.

To carry it out you will need:

• goggles for a child;
• dry active yeast;
• warm water;
• hydrogen peroxide 6%;
• dishwashing detergent or liquid soap (not antibacterial);
• funnel;
• plastic sequins (necessarily non-metallic);
• food colorings;
• bottle 0.5 l (it is best to take a bottle with a wide bottom, for greater stability, but a regular plastic one will do).

The experiment itself is extremely simple:

1. 1 tsp dissolve dry yeast in 2 tbsp. l. warm water.
2. In a bottle placed in a sink or dish with high sides, pour ½ cup of hydrogen peroxide, a drop of dye, glitter and some dishwashing liquid (several pumps on the dispenser).
3. Insert a funnel and pour in the yeast. The reaction will start immediately, so act quickly.

The yeast acts as a catalyst and speeds up the release of hydrogen from the peroxide, and when the gas interacts with the soap, it creates a huge amount of foam. This is an exothermic reaction, with the release of heat, so if you touch the bottle after the "eruption" stops, it will be warm. Since the hydrogen immediately escapes, it's just soap suds to play with.

Physics experiments at home

Did you know that lemon can be used as a battery? True, very weak. Experiments at home with citrus fruits will demonstrate to children the operation of a battery and a closed electrical circuit.

For the experiment you will need:

• lemons - 4 pcs.;
• galvanized nails - 4 pcs.;
• small pieces of copper (you can take coins) - 4 pcs.;
• alligator clips with short wires (about 20 cm) - 5 pcs.;
• small light bulb or flashlight - 1 pc.

Let there be light

Here's how to do the experience:

1. Roll on a hard surface, then lightly squeeze the lemons to release the juice inside the skins.
2. Insert one galvanized nail and one piece of copper into each lemon. Line them up.
3. Connect one end of the wire to a galvanized nail and the other end to a piece of copper in another lemon. Repeat this step until all fruits are connected.
4. When you are done, you should be left with one 1 nail and 1 piece of copper that are not connected to anything. Prepare your light bulb, determine the polarity of the battery.
5. Connect the remaining piece of copper (plus) and nail (minus) to the plus and minus of the flashlight. Thus, a chain of connected lemons is a battery.
6. Turn on a light bulb that will work on the energy of fruits!

To repeat such experiments at home, potatoes, especially green ones, are also suitable.

How it works? The citric acid in the lemon reacts with two different metals, causing the ions to move in the same direction, creating an electrical current. All chemical sources of electricity work on this principle.

Summer fun

You don't have to stay indoors to do some experiments. Some experiments are best done outdoors, and you don't have to clean anything up after they're done. These include interesting experiments at home with air bubbles, and not simple, but huge.

To make them you will need:

• 2 wooden sticks 50-100 cm long (depending on the age and height of the child);
• 2 metal screw-in ears;
• 1 metal washer;
• 3 m cotton cord;
• bucket with water;
• any detergent - for dishes, shampoo, liquid soap.

Here's how to conduct spectacular experiments for children at home:

1. Screw metal ears into the ends of the sticks.
2. Cut the cotton cord into two parts, 1 and 2 m long. You can not exactly adhere to these measurements, but it is important that the proportion between them is 1 to 2.
3. Put a washer on a long piece of rope so that it sags evenly in the center, and tie both ropes to the ears on the sticks, forming a loop.
4. Mix a small amount of detergent in a bucket of water.
5. Gently dipping the loop on the sticks into the liquid, start blowing giant bubbles. To separate them from each other, carefully bring the ends of the two sticks together.

What is the scientific component of this experience? Explain to the children that bubbles are held together by surface tension, the attractive force that holds the molecules of any liquid together. Its action is manifested in the fact that spilled water collects in drops that tend to acquire a spherical shape, as the most compact of all that exists in nature, or that water, when poured, collects in cylindrical streams. At the bubble, a layer of liquid molecules is clamped on both sides by soap molecules, which increase its surface tension when distributed over the surface of the bubble, and prevent it from quickly evaporating. As long as the sticks are kept open, the water is held in the form of a cylinder; as soon as they are closed, it tends to a spherical shape.

Here are some experiments at home you can do with children.

Children are always trying to learn something new every day and they always have a lot of questions. They can explain some phenomena, or you can clearly show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works. In these experiments, children will not only learn something new, but also learn how to create different crafts, which they can then play with.

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

– 2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

- baking soda

- food coloring or watercolors

- dishwashing liquid

- wooden stick or spoon (optional)

- tray.

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.

2. On the reverse side, cut a piece of lemon as shown in the image.

* You can cut half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice out of it into a cup. This will be the backup lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the part cut out) on the tray and spoon "remember" the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor to the inside of the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dishwashing liquid inside the lemon.

7. Add a full tablespoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will start. With a stick or spoon, you can stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels from chewing worms

You will need:

- 2 glasses

- small capacity

- 4-6 chewing worms

- 3 tablespoons of baking soda

- 1/2 tablespoon of vinegar

– 1 cup of water

- scissors, kitchen or clerical knife.

1. With scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (just lengthwise - this will not be easy, but be patient) of each worm into 4 (or more) parts.

* The smaller the piece, the better.

* If scissors don't want to cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.

3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms in it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if the worms are washed with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

- a bowl of water

– clear nail polish

- small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. See how the varnish disperses through the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper has dried (it happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that is displayed on it.

* To better see the rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.

4. Experiments at home: a rain cloud in a jar

When small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. As a result, they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.

This phenomenon can be shown to children with simple materials.

You will need:

- shaving foam

- food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.

3. Let the child begin to drip the food coloring onto the “cloud” until it starts to “rain” – drops of food coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to the child.

You will need:

– warm water

- sunflower oil

- 4 food colorings

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and mix 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring in it. In this example, 1 drop of each of the 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Stir the dyes and oil with a fork.

4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.

5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly sink through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with other drops.

* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because. The density of oil is less than water (which is why it “floats” on water). A drop of dye is heavier than oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it begins to disperse and look like a small firework.

6. Interesting experiences: in a bowl in which colors merge

You will need:

- a paper-cut wheel painted in the colors of the rainbow

- rubber band or thick thread

– cardboard

- glue stick

- scissors

- skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Choose and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut out the glued circle from the cardboard.

4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Pass the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your spinning top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

- a small transparent plastic bag

- transparent plastic bottle

- food coloring

- scissors.

1. Lay the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie the thread around the “neck” of the jellyfish, but not too tight - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the head of the jellyfish.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need about 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.

8. Fill the bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Drop a couple of drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly so that water does not spill out.

* Have the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

- glass cup or bowl

- plastic bowl

- 1 cup Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts

- 1 cup hot water

- food coloring.

1. Pour Epsom salt into a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution isn't hot enough to crack the glass.

My personal experience of teaching chemistry has shown that such a science as chemistry is very difficult to study without any initial knowledge and practice. Schoolchildren very often run this subject. I personally observed how a student of the 8th grade at the word "chemistry" began to frown, as if he had eaten a lemon.

Later it turned out that because of dislike and misunderstanding of the subject, he skipped school in secret from his parents. Of course, the school curriculum is designed in such a way that the teacher must give a lot of theory at the first chemistry lessons. Practice, as it were, fades into the background precisely at the moment when the student cannot yet independently realize whether he needs this subject in the future. This is primarily due to the laboratory equipment of schools. In big cities, things are better now with reagents and instruments. As for the province, as well as 10 years ago, and at present, many schools do not have the opportunity to conduct laboratory classes. But the process of studying and fascination with chemistry, as well as with other natural sciences, usually begins with experiments. And it is no coincidence. Many famous chemists, such as Lomonosov, Mendeleev, Paracelsus, Robert Boyle, Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska-Curie (schoolchildren also study all these researchers in physics classes) have already started experimenting since childhood. The great discoveries of these great people were made in home chemical laboratories, since chemistry classes at institutes were available only to wealthy people.

And, of course, the most important thing is to interest the child and convey to him that chemistry surrounds us everywhere, so the process of studying it can be very exciting. This is where home chemistry experiments come in handy. Observing such experiments, one can further look for an explanation of why things happen this way and not otherwise. And when a young researcher encounters similar concepts at school lessons, the teacher’s explanations will be more understandable to him, since he will already have his own experience in conducting home chemical experiments and the knowledge gained.

It is very important to start science studies with the usual observations and real life examples that you think will be the best for your child. Here are some of them. Water is a chemical substance consisting of two elements, as well as gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. We know that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days.

River sand is nothing but silicon oxide, and also the main raw material for glass production.

A person himself does not suspect it and carries out chemical reactions every second. The air we breathe is a mixture of gases - chemicals. In the process of exhalation, another complex substance is released - carbon dioxide. We can say that we ourselves are a chemical laboratory. You can explain to the child that washing hands with soap is also a chemical process of water and soap.

An older child who, for example, has already begun to study chemistry at school, can be explained that almost all elements of the periodic system of D. I. Mendeleev can be found in the human body. In a living organism, not only all chemical elements are present, but each of them performs some biological function.

Chemistry is also medicines, without which at present many people cannot live even a day.

Plants also contain the chemical chlorophyll, which gives the leaf its green color.

Cooking is a complex chemical process. Here you can give an example of how the dough rises when yeast is added.

One of the options for getting a child interested in chemistry is to take an individual outstanding researcher and read the story of his life or watch an educational film about him (films about D.I. Mendeleev, Paracelsus, M.V. Lomonosov, Butlerov are now available).

Many believe that real chemistry is harmful substances, it is dangerous to experiment with them, especially at home. There are many very exciting experiences that you can do with your child without harming your health. And these home chemical experiments will be no less exciting and instructive than those that come with explosions, pungent odors and puffs of smoke.

Some parents are also afraid to conduct chemical experiments at home because of their complexity or the lack of the necessary equipment and reagents. It turns out that you can get by with improvised means and those substances that every housewife has in the kitchen. You can buy them at your nearest household store or pharmacy. Test tubes for home chemical experiments can be replaced with pill bottles. For storage of reagents, you can use glass jars, for example, from baby food or mayonnaise.

It is worth remembering that the dishes with reagents must have a label with the inscription and be tightly closed. Sometimes the tubes need to be heated. In order not to hold it in your hands when heated and not get burned, you can build such a device using a clothespin or a piece of wire.

It is also necessary to allocate several steel and wooden spoons for mixing.

You can make a stand for holding test tubes yourself by drilling through holes in the bar.

To filter the resulting substances, you will need a paper filter. It is very easy to make it according to the diagram given here.

For children who do not yet go to school or are studying in elementary grades, setting up home chemical experiments with their parents will be a kind of game. Most likely, such a young researcher will not yet be able to explain some individual laws and reactions. However, perhaps just such an empirical way of discovering the surrounding world, nature, man, plants through experiments will lay the foundation for the study of natural sciences in the future. You can even arrange original competitions in the family - who will have the most successful experience and then demonstrate them at family holidays.

Regardless of the age of the child and his ability to read and write, I advise you to have a laboratory journal in which you can record experiments or sketch. A real chemist must write down a work plan, a list of reagents, sketches of instruments and describes the progress of work.

When you and your child just begin to study this science of substances and conduct home chemical experiments, the first thing to remember is safety.

To do this, follow the following safety rules:

2. It is better to allocate a separate table for conducting chemical experiments at home. If you do not have a separate table at home, then it is better to conduct experiments on a steel or iron tray or pallet.

3. It is necessary to get thin and thick gloves (they are sold in a pharmacy or hardware store).

4. For chemical experiments, it is best to buy a lab coat, but you can also use a thick apron instead of a dressing gown.

5. Laboratory glassware should not be used for food.

6. In home chemical experiments, there should be no cruelty to animals and violation of the ecological system. Acidic chemical waste should be neutralized with soda, and alkaline with acetic acid.

7. If you want to check the smell of a gas, liquid or reagent, never bring the vessel directly to your face, but, holding it at a certain distance, direct, waving your hand, the air above the vessel towards you and at the same time smell the air.

8. Always use small amounts of reagents in home experiments. Avoid leaving reagents in a container without an appropriate inscription (label) on the bottle, from which it should be clear what is in the bottle.

The study of chemistry should begin with simple chemical experiments at home, allowing the child to master the basic concepts. A series of experiments 1-3 allow you to get acquainted with the basic aggregate states of substances and the properties of water. To begin with, you can show a preschooler how sugar and salt dissolve in water, accompanying this with an explanation that water is a universal solvent and is a liquid. Sugar or salt are solids that dissolve in liquids.

Experience number 1 "Because - without water and neither here nor there"

Water is a liquid chemical substance composed of two elements as well as gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. We know that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days.

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, soda, citric acid, water

Experiment: Take two test tubes. Pour in equal amounts of soda and citric acid. Then pour water into one of the test tubes, and not into the other. In a test tube in which water was poured, carbon dioxide began to be released. In a test tube without water - nothing has changed

Discussion: This experiment explains the fact that many reactions and processes in living organisms are impossible without water, and water also accelerates many chemical reactions. Schoolchildren can be explained that an exchange reaction has taken place, as a result of which carbon dioxide has been released.

Experience number 2 "What is dissolved in tap water"

Reagents and equipment: clear glass, tap water

Experiment: Pour tap water into a transparent glass and put it in a warm place for an hour. After an hour, you will see settled bubbles on the walls of the glass.

Discussion: Bubbles are nothing but gases dissolved in water. Gases dissolve better in cold water. As soon as the water becomes warm, the gases cease to dissolve and settle on the walls. A similar home chemical experiment also makes it possible to acquaint the child with the gaseous state of matter.

Experience No. 3 “What is dissolved in mineral water or water is a universal solvent”

Reagents and equipment: test tube, mineral water, candle, magnifying glass

Experiment: Pour mineral water into a test tube and slowly evaporate it over a candle flame (the experiment can be done on the stove in a saucepan, but the crystals will be less visible). As the water evaporates, small crystals will remain on the walls of the test tube, all of them of different shapes.

Discussion: Crystals are salts dissolved in mineral water. They have a different shape and size, since each crystal has its own chemical formula. With a child who has already begun to study chemistry at school, you can read the label on mineral water, where its composition is indicated and write the formulas of the compounds contained in mineral water.

Experiment No. 4 "Filtration of water mixed with sand"

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, funnel, paper filter, water, river sand

Experiment: Pour water into a test tube and dip a little river sand into it, mix. Then, according to the scheme described above, make a filter out of paper. Insert a dry, clean test tube into a rack. Slowly pour the sand/water mixture through a filter paper funnel. River sand will remain on the filter, and you will get clean water in a tripod tube.

Discussion: Chemical experience allows us to show that there are substances that do not dissolve in water, for example, river sand. The experience also introduces one of the methods of cleaning mixtures of substances from impurities. Here you can introduce the concepts of pure substances and mixtures, which are given in the 8th grade chemistry textbook. In this case, the mixture is sand with water, the pure substance is the filtrate, and river sand is the sediment.

The filtration process (described in Grade 8) is used here to separate a mixture of water and sand. To diversify the study of this process, you can delve a little into the history of drinking water purification.

Filtration processes were used as early as the 8th and 7th centuries BC. in the state of Urartu (now it is the territory of Armenia) for the purification of drinking water. Its inhabitants carried out the construction of a water supply system with the use of filters. Thick cloth and charcoal were used as filters. Similar systems of intertwined drainpipes, clay canals, equipped with filters were also on the territory of the ancient Nile among the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Water was passed through such a filter repeatedly through such a filter several times, eventually many times, ultimately achieving the best water quality.

One of the most interesting experiments is growing crystals. The experience is very clear and gives an idea of ​​many chemical and physical concepts.

Experience number 5 "Grow sugar crystals"

Reagents and equipment: two glasses of water; sugar - five glasses; wooden skewers; thin paper; pot; transparent cups; food coloring (the proportions of sugar and water can be reduced).

Experiment: The experiment should begin with the preparation of sugar syrup. We take a pan, pour 2 cups of water and 2.5 cups of sugar into it. We put on medium heat and, stirring, dissolve all the sugar. Pour the remaining 2.5 cups of sugar into the resulting syrup and cook until completely dissolved.

Now let's prepare the embryos of crystals - sticks. Scatter a small amount of sugar on a piece of paper, then dip the stick in the resulting syrup, and roll it in sugar.

We take the pieces of paper and pierce a hole in the middle with a skewer so that the piece of paper fits snugly against the skewer.

Then we pour the hot syrup into transparent glasses (it is important that the glasses are transparent - this way the process of crystal ripening will be more exciting and visual). The syrup must be hot or the crystals will not grow.

You can make colored sugar crystals. To do this, add a little food coloring to the resulting hot syrup and stir it.

The crystals will grow in different ways, some quickly and some may take longer. At the end of the experiment, the child can eat the resulting lollipops if he is not allergic to sweets.

If you do not have wooden skewers, then you can experiment with ordinary threads.

Discussion: A crystal is a solid state of matter. It has a certain shape and a certain number of faces due to the arrangement of its atoms. Crystalline substances are substances whose atoms are arranged regularly, so that they form a regular three-dimensional lattice, called a crystal. Crystals of a number of chemical elements and their compounds have remarkable mechanical, electrical, magnetic and optical properties. For example, diamond is a natural crystal and the hardest and rarest mineral. Due to its exceptional hardness, diamond plays a huge role in technology. Diamond saws cut stones. There are three ways to form crystals: crystallization from a melt, from a solution, and from a gas phase. An example of crystallization from a melt is the formation of ice from water (after all, water is molten ice). An example of crystallization from solution in nature is the precipitation of hundreds of millions of tons of salt from sea water. In this case, when growing crystals at home, we are dealing with the most common methods of artificial growing - crystallization from a solution. Sugar crystals grow from a saturated solution by slowly evaporating the solvent - water, or by slowly lowering the temperature.

The following experience allows you to get at home one of the most useful crystalline products for humans - crystalline iodine. Before conducting the experiment, I advise you to watch with your child a short film “The life of wonderful ideas. Smart iodine. The film gives an idea of ​​the benefits of iodine and the unusual story of its discovery, which will be remembered by the young researcher for a long time. And it is interesting because the discoverer of iodine was an ordinary cat.

The French scientist Bernard Courtois during the years of the Napoleonic wars noticed that in the products obtained from the ashes of seaweed, which were thrown onto the coast of France, there is some substance that corrodes iron and copper vessels. But neither Courtois himself nor his assistants knew how to isolate this substance from the ashes of algae. Chance helped speed up the discovery.

At his small saltpeter plant in Dijon, Courtois was going to conduct several experiments. There were vessels on the table, one of which contained an alcoholic tincture of seaweed, and the other a mixture of sulfuric acid and iron. On the shoulders of the scientist sat his beloved cat.

There was a knock on the door, and the frightened cat jumped down and ran away, brushing the flasks on the table with its tail. The vessels broke, the contents mixed, and suddenly a violent chemical reaction began. When a small cloud of vapors and gases settled, the surprised scientist saw some kind of crystalline coating on the objects and debris. Courtois began to explore it. Crystals to anyone before this unknown substance were called "iodine".

So a new element was discovered, and Bernard Courtois's domestic cat went down in history.

Experience No. 6 "Obtaining iodine crystals"

Reagents and equipment: tincture of pharmaceutical iodine, water, a glass or a cylinder, a napkin.

Experiment: We mix water with tincture of iodine in the proportion: 10 ml of iodine and 10 ml of water. And put everything in the refrigerator for 3 hours. During cooling, the iodine will precipitate at the bottom of the glass. We drain the liquid, take out the iodine precipitate and put it on a napkin. Squeeze with napkins until the iodine begins to crumble.

Discussion: This chemical experiment is called extraction or extraction of one component from another. In this case, the water extracts the iodine from the spirit lamp solution. Thus, the young researcher will repeat the experience of the cat Courtois without smoke and beating dishes.

Your child will already learn about the benefits of iodine for disinfecting wounds from the movie. Thus, you show that there is an inextricable link between chemistry and medicine. However, it turns out that iodine can be used as an indicator or analyzer of the content of another useful substance - starch. The following experience will introduce the young experimenter to a separate very useful chemistry - analytical.

Experience No. 7 "Iodine-indicator of starch content"

Reagents and equipment: fresh potatoes, pieces of banana, apple, bread, a glass of diluted starch, a glass of diluted iodine, a pipette.

Experiment: We cut the potatoes into two parts and drip diluted iodine on it - the potatoes turn blue. Then we drip a few drops of iodine into a glass of diluted starch. The liquid also turns blue.

We drip with a pipette iodine dissolved in water on an apple, banana, bread, in turn.

Watching:

The apple didn't turn blue at all. Banana - slightly blue. Bread - turned blue very much. This part of the experience shows the presence of starch in various foods.

Discussion: Starch, reacting with iodine, gives a blue color. This property gives us the ability to detect the presence of starch in various foods. Thus, iodine is, as it were, an indicator or analyzer of starch content.

As you know, starch can be converted into sugar, if you take an unripe apple and drop iodine, it will turn blue, since the apple is not yet ripe. As soon as the apple ripens, all the starch contained will turn into sugar and the apple does not turn blue at all when treated with iodine.

The following experience will be useful for children who have already started studying chemistry at school. It introduces concepts such as chemical reaction, compound reaction, and qualitative reaction.

Experiment No. 8 "Flame coloring or compound reaction"

Reagents and equipment: tweezers, table salt, spirit lamp

Experiment: Take with tweezers a few crystals of coarse salt table salt. Let's hold them over the flame of the burner. The flame will turn yellow.

Discussion: This experiment makes it possible to carry out a chemical combustion reaction, which is an example of a compound reaction. Due to the presence of sodium in the composition of table salt, during combustion, it reacts with oxygen. As a result, a new substance is formed - sodium oxide. The appearance of a yellow flame indicates that the reaction has passed. Such reactions are qualitative reactions to compounds containing sodium, that is, it can be used to determine whether sodium is present in a substance or not.

The experiments at home, which we will now talk about, are very simple, but extremely entertaining. If your child is just getting acquainted with the nature of various phenomena and processes, such experiences will look like real magic for him. But it's not a secret for anyone that it is best to present complex information to children in a playful way - this will help to consolidate the material and leave vivid memories that will be useful in further learning.

Explosion in still water

Discussing possible experiments at home, first of all we will talk about how to make such a mini-explosion. You will need a large vessel filled with ordinary tap water (for example, it can be a three-liter bottle). It is desirable that the liquid settle in a quiet place for 1-3 days. After that, carefully, without touching the vessel itself, drop a few drops of ink into the very middle of the water from a height. They will sprawl beautifully in the water, as if in slow motion.

Balloon that inflates itself

This is another interesting experience that can be carried out by exercising at home. In the ball itself, you need to pour a teaspoon of ordinary baking soda. Next, you need to take an empty plastic bottle and pour 4 tablespoons of vinegar into it. The ball must be pulled over its neck. As a result, the soda will pour into the vinegar, a reaction will occur with the release of carbon dioxide, and the balloon will inflate.

Volcano

With the same baking soda and vinegar, you can make a real volcano in your house! You can even use a plastic cup as a base. 2 tablespoons of soda are poured into the “vent”, pour it with a quarter cup of heated water and add a little dark food coloring. Then it remains only to add a quarter cup of vinegar and watch the "eruption".

"Colored" magic

Experiments at home, which you can demonstrate to your child, also include unusual color changes with various substances. A striking example of this is the reaction that occurs when iodine and starch are combined. By mixing brown iodine and pure white starch, you get a liquid ... a bright blue hue!

fireworks

What other experiments can be done at home? Chemistry provides a huge field for activity in this regard. For example, you can make bright fireworks right in the room (but better in the yard). A little potassium permanganate must be crushed into a fine powder, and then take a similar amount of charcoal and also grind it. After thoroughly mixing coal with manganese, add iron powder there. This mixture is poured into a metal cap (an ordinary thimble is also suitable) and kept in the flame of the burner. As soon as the composition heats up, a whole rain of beautiful sparks will begin to crumble around.

soda rocket

And, finally, let's say again about chemical experiments at home, where the simplest and most accessible reagents are involved - vinegar and sodium bicarbonate. In this case, you will need to take a plastic film cassette, fill it with baking soda, and then quickly pour in 2 teaspoons of vinegar. The next step is to put the lid on the makeshift rocket, put it upside down on the ground, stand back and watch it take off.

If you want to arouse interest in science in your children, and the teacher at school can’t cope with this (but in fact he just doesn’t care), then it’s not necessary to hit the child on the head with a book or hire tutors. You, as a responsible parent, can conduct interesting and colorful scientific experiments right at home with the help of improvised means.

A little fantasy, and entertainment for the children who came to your child's birthday is ready.

1. Walking on chicken eggs

Even though eggs look very fragile, their shells are stronger than they appear. If the pressure is evenly distributed on the shell, then it can withstand very large loads. This can be used to show the kids a fun ball-walking trick and explain to them how it works.

Although we assume that the experience will be successful, it doesn’t hurt to play it safe, so it’s better to cover the floor with oilcloth or spread out garbage bags. Place a couple of trays of eggs on top, making sure none of them are defective or cracked. Also make sure that the eggs are evenly spaced, otherwise the load will not be evenly distributed.

Now you can gently stand on the eggs with bare feet, trying to distribute your weight evenly. The same principle is used in walking on nails or glass, but this should not be repeated with children. Don't repeat at all.

2. Non-Newtonian fluid

Most liquids on the planet practically do not change their viscosity with a change in the force that is applied to them. However, there are liquids that become almost solid when the force increases, and they are called non-Newtonian. You can make them right at home from improvised means. Show this experience to your child and he will be happy.

To make a non-Newtonian fluid, pour a glass of starch into a deep bowl, fill it with water in a ratio of 1:1. You can add food coloring for beauty. Start all this slowly mix until the mixture turns into a homogeneous mass.

If you slowly scoop up such a liquid with your hand, then it will simply drain through your fingers. But as soon as you apply force to it at speed or hit it hard, it immediately becomes hard. A great toy will come out for the next few hours for your child.

3. Jumping coin

A very interesting experience, as well as a trick if you want to convince others of your paranormal abilities. For this experiment at home, we need a regular bottle, as well as a coin that is slightly larger in diameter than the neck.

Chill the bottle in the refrigerator, or even better in the freezer. After that, moisten its neck with water and put a coin on top. For effect, you can put your hands on the bottle, warming it. The air inside the bottle will begin to expand and exit through the neck, tossing a coin into the air.

4. Volcano at home

The combination of baking soda and vinegar is a win-win option if you want to impress the kids. Just mold a small volcano out of plasticine or clay on a plate, and pour a few teaspoons of soda into its hole, pour some warm water and add red food coloring for entourage. After that, pour a small amount of vinegar into the vent and observe the reaction.

5. Lava Falls

A very effective and simple scientific experiment that allows children to demonstrate the principle of the interaction of liquids with different masses and densities.
Take a tall, narrow container (a flower vase or just a plastic bottle will do). Pour several glasses of water and a glass of vegetable oil into the vessel. Add bright food coloring to make the experience more visual and prepare a tablespoon of salt.

At first, the oil will float on the surface of the vessel, since it has a lower density. Start slowly pouring the salt into the vessel. The oil will begin to sink to the bottom, but when it reaches it, the salt will be released from the viscous liquid, and the oil particles will begin to rise again, like grains of hot lava.

6. Money doesn't burn

This experience is suitable for wealthy people who only have to burn money. A great trick to surprise kids and adults alike. Of course, there is a risk of failing the performance, so respect the time frame.

Take any bill (depending on your capabilities) and soak it in a salted solution of alcohol and water in a 1: 1 ratio. Make sure that the bill is completely soaked, after which you can remove it from the liquid. Fix the bill in some holder and set it on fire.

Alcohol boils at a fairly low temperature and begins to evaporate much faster than water. Therefore, all the fuel will evaporate before the bill itself lights up.

7. Experience with colorful milk

For this fun experience, we will need full fat milk, some food coloring in different colors, and detergent.

Pour the milk into a bowl and add a few drops of food coloring in different parts of the container. Take a drop of detergent on the tip of your finger or soak a cotton swab with it and touch the surface of the milk right in the center of the plate. Watch how effectively the dyes begin to mix.

As you may have guessed, detergent and grease are incompatible things, and when you touch the surface, a reaction will begin that will make the molecules move.